Kasashen sune kullun, dukiyarsu da kayyadewa

Ana kiran itatuwan karnin kasa, yanayin yanayin da ake ciki shine busassun bushe. Abin da kaddarorin sune kasaran kasa, yadda suka kafa, inda suke na kowa, karanta wannan labarin.

Inda kuma ta yaya aka kafa kirjin kasa?

Sakamakon asali yana da busassun busassun wuri tare da yanayin saurin yanayi, rashin isasshen ruwan sama, babban evaporation. An kafa gurashin kwari a karkashin murfin kayan lambu, don haka tsarin sod a nan an ba shi da kyau idan aka kwatanta da yankin chernozem. Daga yanayin moistening ya dogara da yadda rauni ko karfi da sod tsari za a bayyana.

Ƙarin bayyanar da yake ciki shine halin yankunan Arewacin yankin inda aka gina kasa mafi ƙasƙantar da ƙasa - dark chestnut kasa. Tare da ci gaba zuwa kudu, yanayin bushewa na yanayi ya ƙaru. Akwai sauyawa daga cikin wadannan kasa zuwa cikin ƙasa mai ƙwayar ƙasa, sa'an nan kuma a cikin ƙananan kwalliya, abincin humus yana da ƙasa, rashin haske na sararin samaniya ne.

Idan akwai kadan hazo kuma an wanke ƙasa a cikin rauni, kayan gishiri na samfurin ƙasa ba zasu iya shiga ciki ba, don haka suna cikin farfajiya. Tare da rashin yiwuwar ciyayi tare da irin wadannan magungunan kamar calcium, silicon, magnesium, ma'adanai na alkali kuma ana yalwatawa a cikin manyan yawa. Saboda kasancewarsu a cikin ƙasa yana fara inganta solonetsousness. An muhimmanci alama a cikin ƙasa zone steppe bushe canjin yanayin ne cewa solonetsous aiwatar superimposed a kan sod.

Gona da iri bushe matakan

• Chernozems ne kudancin da talakawa.
• Dark chestnut.
• Chestnut.
• Haske chestnut.

Kayan zuma da kirji sun kasance ci gaba da raguwa daga yamma zuwa gine-ginen Altai. Gabas ta Altai akwai kananan tsibirin tsibirin a yankin basins, a cikin Selenga da Gabas-Transbaikalian steppes. Wadannan kasa ne tartsatsi a cikin cikin Caspian Shefela , da Kazakhstan a yankin na low tuddai.

Don kwatanta: ƙwayoyi masu daraja suna ɗauke da kashi 8.5% na yankunan rukuni na Rasha, da kasaran kirji - kawai 3. Babban alama na chernozems shine babban abun ciki na humus. Kayan zuma suna da alamun yanayin zurfin ruwa. Ya kamata a lura cewa ƙananan shinge na kasar gona suna da tsabtace jiki ta hanyar sutura, ƙananan ƙasa ta ruwan teku, kuma tsakanin su akwai sararin sama. Wadannan yanayi ne masu dacewa da samuwar chernozem da ƙwayoyin ƙasa.

A cikin kowane juzu'i na ƙasa mai kwalliya, dangane da yanayi na yanayin zafi, an rarraba kungiyoyin da suka biyo baya: dumi, matsakaici, sanyi mai zurfi. Bugu da ƙari, a cikin rami mai rarraba, ƙasa ta raba kashi. Wannan shi ne na kowa, alkaline, alkaline-Saline, residually solonetzic, carbonate, carbonate-solonetzic. Ya kamata a lura cewa nauyin nauyin nauyin nau'o'i daban-daban na daban yana da alamomi daban-daban na alamar solonetsousness da solonchakiness.

Duniya duhu chestnut

An shafe su ta arewacin yankin. Ƙunƙwashin aljihun ƙwallon ƙarancin jiki suna da siffar lumpy ko lumpy granular tsarin humus a sararin samari, kuma a kan kasa mai laushi shi ne ƙurar ƙura. Abin da ya faru na gypsum da salts mai narkewa mai sauƙi yana faruwa a zurfin kimanin mita biyu. Halaye chestnut ƙasa ne mai yiwuwa ba tare da bayanin da kauri daga humus sararin sama. A wannan ƙasa ya kai 50 santimita. A cikin solonetsous kasa a cikin ƙananan ɓangare, da humus sararin sama ne mafi m. Wannan ya bayyana ta gaskiyar cewa an wadatar da shi da colloidal barbashi.

A lumpy da lumpy tsarin yana da duhu chestnut kasa. Kasurorinsu suna da karin bayani tare da kara yawan solonetsousness na sarari. Hannun tsari suna da launi mai launin launin ruwan kasa. Jinsin na solonetsous duhu chestnut kasa ne subdivided a cikin wadannan nau'i:

• Wadanda ba marasa zaman kansu ba. Sun sha har zuwa kashi 3 cikin sodium daga yawan zubar da jini.
• Weakly solonetsous kasa - 3-5 bisa dari.
• Medium solonetzic - 5-10.
• Karfin solonetsous - 10-15.

Halaye na duhu chestnut kasa

• Saline-Solonchak Ƙananan launi suna nuna zuwa ga tsabtace duwatsu. A cikin zurfin mita daya, abun ciki na salts mai yuwuwar ruwa yana ƙaruwa.
• A cikin kasa-solonetsous kasa, abun ciki na musanya musanya shi ne imperceptible. A nan solonetsousness ne na halin hagu.
• A cikin solonetz-solids kasa, da babba ko ƙananan ɓangare na humus sararin sama yana da alamun na solodization, wanda suke wakiltar siliceous foda a kan fuskoki fuskoki.

• Ƙasar kirji na Carbonate yana da abun da ke cikin carbonate wanda aka taso a farfajiyar. Matsayin da suka samu shi ne duwatsu masu nauyi.
• Samuwar carbonate-alkaline kasa faruwa a Saline kankara da nauyi inji abun da ke ciki. A kasa da high yawa da kuma karayar Bugu da kari profile. Lokacin da suka yi rigar, sai su fara ƙarawa kuma su tsaya.

Halaye na ƙwayar katako

An rarrabe ta da kauri daga cikin humus sararin sama. A cikin chestnut kasa wannan adadi ne 30-40 inimita. Yawancin carbonates da aka tara a zurfin 50 cm, gypsum - 170, da soluble a cikin saltsu - a zurfin mita biyu. Wadannan kasa suna da nau'ikan siffofi kamar yadda aka bayyana a sama.

Ƙasa haske chestnut

Yankin da suka samu shi ne kudancin sassan busassun busassun, wanda shararru da tsire-tsire suke da shi. Wadannan kasa sun samo asali a cikin wani yanayi mai tsanani. A kauri daga cikin humus sararin samaniya ne karami - 25-30 inimita. Ya bambanta da tsari marasa tsari da kuma wanke rauni. Saboda wannan, kashin carbonate yana kusa da farfajiya. Zurfin gypsum sararin sama yana da mita 1 cikin dari. A cikin wannan ƙasa, salts mai sauƙin sassaka suna tarawa cikin yawa, saboda haka alamun solonetsousness yana ko'ina. Ba za a iya samo kasa ba sosai.

Tsarin sararin samaniya na ƙasa yana da launi mai launi, tsarinsa shi ne sako-sako. Wannan rinjayar ta rinjayi wannan. Haske chestnut kasa suna raba da genera kazalika da wasu. Solonetsity da solonchakiness a cikin ƙasa kasa suna karin pronounced kuma suna na zonal halin.

Amfani

Ƙasa steppes, musamman duhu chestnut, da isasshen gina jiki reserves. Yana da yawan haihuwa. Yana tsiro alkama, gero, masara, sunflower, melons da amfanin gona na horticultural. Yawanci sunfi girma idan phosphorous, potash, nitrogen da takin mai magani ana gabatarwa a cikin ƙasa kuma danshi yana riƙe a cikinta.

Tashin ƙasa ba tare da duhu ko inuwa mai haske ana amfani dasu akai-akai ga hayfields, wuraren noma, da wuraren kiwo. Amma kuma ya dace da al'adun al'adun da aka bayyana a sama. A kan ƙwayar kullun kasa, amfanin gona daban-daban zai iya girma ne kawai tare da ban ruwa na yau da kullum.

Solonetsous chestnut kasa suna halin unenviable haihuwa. Saboda haka, sunadarai da nazarin halittu ana amfani dashi don ƙara shi. Wani lokaci yana da isa ya noma ƙasa sosai.

Abubuwa mara kyau

• Haske chestnut, chestnut da solonetzic kasa na steppes da humus Layer na low ikon. Wannan ba zai iya samar da tushen tushe tare da yanayin al'ada ba.
• Tsarin sararin samaniya yana da m. Wannan ya rushe tsarin ruwa na kasar gona kuma ya hana tushen tsire-tsire daga zurfin zurfi.
• Solonets ƙasa yana da ƙãra maida hankali na alkali, wanda ya sa da bukatar yin oxidize kasar gona kafin a yi amfani da shi.
• Kasashe na steppes basu da inganci da na gina jiki, musamman ma asalin gashi.

Ya kamata mutum ya taimaki chestnut, low-power, kasastructural da solonetzic kasa don zama mai iko, arziki a humus da na gina jiki. Wajibi ne a yi amfani da ruwa don shayar da ƙasa don sake tanadar ruwa, ya gabatar da takin mai magani da kuma ma'adinai a ciki, kuma ya kiyaye sababbin fasahohin fasahar noma.