Staroslavyanizmy: halaye da kuma amfani da zamani a Rasha

Duk da cewa staroslavyanizmy karatu a makarantar sakandare, a rare digiri na biyu tuna muhimmancin wannan lokaci. Abin da ya ce game da mazan mutane, makaranta-wanda ya nisa a baya.

Mene ne staroslavyanizmy?

Ãyõyin wadannan kalmomi ne don haka na kowa cewa muna da su da kuma ba mu lura. Staroslavyanizmy ne kalmomi aro daga tsohuwar Slavic harshe, wanda aka dauke ta farko adabi na zamanin d Slavs.

Har ila yau a cikin litattafan ko da Internet iya saduwa da irin wannan lokaci kamar yadda tserkovnoslavyanizmy. Ƙõramu sau da yawa nufi da wannan a matsayin cewa a karkashin staroslavyanizmy, tare da kawai bambancin da cewa kalmomin da aka ara daga Church Slavonic harshe. An dauke daya daga Old Church daga baya.

Duk da haka, kalmar da ãyõyi staroslavyanizmy ne yawaita a yau da kullum magana. Yana iya ze m, amma wani daga cikin mu ya ce ya ari lokaci a kalla sau uku a rana. Kuma ambaci kalmomin haka sau da yawa cewa tuni bai lura staroslavyanizmy.

Ãyõyin irin kalmomi

To yaya za ka ƙayyade lokacin jawabin ya haskaka irin sharuddan? Akwai sarari siffofin staroslavyanizmy a Rasha harshe. Halayyar siffofin wadannan aro kalmomi za a iya gano a matsayin kama a sauti, da kuma lokacin rubuta.

A mafi cikakken nazari wannan topic ne cewa akwai quite a hanya don gano, waɗannan ayyukansu kalmomi kamar yadda staroslavyanizmy, ãyõyin wanda ake da wadannan:

1. Karin lafazi. The kama a cikin sauti, da ƙuduri karfafa.
2. Kalma-samuwar. A Hanyar shiri na wannan kalmomi.
3. Lexical. Ma'anar kalmomin, su launi a jawabin da a wallafe-wallafen ayyukansu.

Fara aiwatar da staroslavyanizmy

An fara daga 9th karni a Rasha a cikin harshe yanayi lura diglossia. Wannan lokaci ne sau da yawa a gauraye da ingantaccen harshen cika masaki, ko da yake su ne sosai daban-daban:

1. Idan ingantaccen harshen cika masaki ne daya daga cikin amfani da harshe ne a hankali ana maye gurbinsu da wani, sakamakon kawai 'yan kalmomi ne a yi amfani.
2. Lokacin da diglossia harsuna biyu gaba da juna, forming wani irin symbiosis, wanda sa'an nan tasowa a cikin wani giciye na asali version. Disglossiya harshe ne barga yanayin da zai iya wuce wani dogon lokaci, kamar yadda aka yi a Rasha.

A heyday Kristanci a cikin diglossia shi da aka yada yadu, tare da Rasha harshen ne yau da kullum, da kuma Church - a high wallafe-wallafen harshen, da mai tsarki muhimmanci.

Abin da ke gaba?

Kawai a cikin farkon 17th karni fara motsa a diglossia ingantaccen harshen cika masaki. A sakamakon haka, Tsohon Slavonic harshen sannu a hankali ya fara Fade da kuma raunana su a matsayinsu, ya bar kawai wata alama a wallafe-wallafen ayyukansu.

Yana da aka za'ayi a kan wani fassarar "iyali" Old Rasha harshen alfarma littattafai, da kuma "high" wallafe-wallafe. A hankali staroslavyanizmy bar a cikin inuwar na Rasha harshen, bar baya mai yawa sharuddan da masu tuni.

Sau nawa muka hadu tare da aro kalmomi?

Sau da yawa sosai. Fi sau da yawa fiye da da za ka iya kwatanta.

Slavonic kalma shige cikin zamani harshen a biyu daban-daban jihohi:

1. Gaba daya. Shi ne kalmomi kamar kumatun, da idanu, apple da kuma sauran ba ma saba mana.
2. Partially. Ga halin da ake ciki shi ne mafi ban sha'awa, ba ko da yaushe samun to tsammani ko kalma da aka aro. Don partially crosser kalmomi sun hada da: camfi, rubutu, mai albarka ne, Prudence, da sauransu.

Saboda haka sau nawa muka yi amfani da staroslavyanizmy a cikin jawabin?

A kalla sau daya a mako. Shin, ba ka san cewa da kalmar "Lahadi" kuma an aro? Shi ne, a matsayin kalma "Allah", ya gaba daya wuce a cikin harshen mu na Church Slavonic yare.

Har ila yau, ka sani cewa ba ko da yaushe kalmomi da Slavonic ãyõyi, samar da ƙungiyoyi tare da wallafe-wallafen harshen. Da yawa daga cikinsu ba su da wani stylistic canza launi, abin da ya sa su yi amfani da inconspicuous. Za ka yi tunanin cewa "kiwon lafiya" yana nufin Church Slavonic ƙamus, kazalika da "gantali"?

A amfani da sharuddan aro ba za a dauke kama, kamar yadda wasu daga cikinsu sun kasance a Rasha harshen da farko kawai tare da nassi na lokaci sun dauka a bit da wani harshe. Wadannan kalmomi koma, misali, wata "m", "Belgrade" da sauransu.

More staroslavyanizmy quite sau da yawa yi amfani da rubuce-rubuce na ayyukan art, musamman wannan zunubi kasida. Irin wannan kalmomi ne ba kawai iya nutsad da karatu a cikin wani musamman yanayi, amma kuma ba da hadaddun wani musamman rhyme, kazalika da inganta overall ra'ayi na rubuta littattafai.

Alal misali, "kumatunta" kamar yadda amfani a cikin waka, a fili zai kawo wani tsoho chivalric romance, wanda shekaru da yawa bautar zukãtan mata.

Karin lafazi siffofin staroslavyanizmy

To yaya za ka ƙayyade staroslavyanizmy da ƙa'ida? Ãyõyin wadannan kalmomi za a iya samu, idan ka duba Slavonic (in ba haka ba - ta Kudu Slavic) hanyoyi na kafa kalmomi.

Abin sha'awa, a lokacin da kusan m rubuce-rubuce sau da yawa yakan faru cikakken bambanta rarrabuwar a cikin ma'anar daga cikin sharuddan.

Karin lafazi siffofi tserkovnoslavyanizmy:

• Bã su da wani hade da syllables ra / ko Takamatsu la / OLT cewa ya tashi daga Slavonic ƙamus. Wadannan kalmomi tambaya: ya tashi, scolding, don taya - to warke, baya, gashi, headless, girgije-cover, sanyi, da sauransu.
• Hade da syllables da D / le wanda dace Rasha (ko Gabas Slavic) EPE / kawai / cin abinci. Wadannan sun hada da: shãmaki-film, dan lido, gaba / nan gaba, madara, Milky, peredachka devotees da sauransu.
• Da sãɓãwar syllables ra / La kuma Ro / Lalle a farkon kalma: a girma, marmashe, rook-jirgin ruwan labarin, bambanci-kiri, dabam, tsara-to-kisa da sauransu.
• Wasula a / e / w / o / i / y a farkon: yagnonochek, whacky, m, mummuna, musamman.
• A hade da haruffa horar da, da shi yayi dace da Rasha To: ji dadin, kare, tofin Allah tsine, kaso, m, m, yau da kullum, yau da kullum, da sauransu.
• Haruffa w / pc / CC / h: yawo, suna yawo, toffee, da kuma rarraba wasu.

Lexical ãyõyi staroslavyanizmy

Similar cututtuka sami:

• Wuce kima "littafin al'adu" na kalmomi, su solemnity. Irin wannan sharuddan ne da wuya a yi amfani da a yau da kullum magana.
• Na ga topic na addini, musamman Kiristanci.
• Fara na fili kalmomi ta hanyar da Allah / amfani / Sue / mai kyau / mahaifa / mugunta / daya da sauransu. Wadannan kalmomi sun hada da: tauhidin, ibada, albarka, mai albarka, yin laifi, da mugunta, camfi, da hadin kai, hadin kai, da sauransu.

Derivational ãyõyi staroslavyanizmy

Kamar yadda karin lafazi siffofin da kalmomi kamar staroslavyanizmy, ãyõyin ilimi ma suna da muhimmanci. A mafi halayyar fasali na kalmar samuwar tserkovnoslavyanizmy dauke wadannan su morpheme:

• Good duk saba pre / ta hanyar / daga / kasa da ciwon rubutu a Rasha harshen (re / ta / cheres / a / sec). Daga cikin irin kalmomin hada da: giciye-laifin-kan ma, sama-zaɓaɓɓu, mãsu saukar da-pimp-rage da sauransu.
• Common kwazazzabo / Yusch / Arg / akwaku (hadu a Rasha uch / Uche / Ah / cell), to, wanda aka canza kama zuwa rarrabe manufofi. Wadannan su ne: na yanzu-qoramu, astringent, kwance, kwance, da sauransu.
• Suffixes -zn, -TV / Twa -tay, -stvo / sakamako, -yn / ynya: dutse, girman kai, girbi, rayuwa, da bãyar, da m, da rantsuwa, mataki, mamayewa, da sauransu.
• -Tel kari na baya baki: da dan kasuwa, da direba, da gini, da nasara, da mai saye, da kuma sauransu.

Saboda haka, koyo yadda za a gane staroslavyanizmy, za ka zama ko da yaushe iya fahimta a lokacin da ka yi amfani da su. Bayan duk, daya ya kawai gani shi sau daya a matsayin yau da kullum jawabin fure sharuddan na tsufa, kafin tsare ɓuya cikin inuwar talakawa kalmomi.