Voivod - Voivod ne ... Rasha

Voivod - shi ne wani hadadden ra'ayi, ya tashi daga kashi biyu: a "howling" - "rundunar" da kuma "ruwa" - "shugaban na direba." Zahiri, mu samu "da direba da dakarun."

The kalmar "Gwamnan" - Slavic, a Latin shi yayi dace dux, da kuma Jamus - Herzog. A lokacin zamanin d Slavs rayuwa na ya yafi soja, kuma shi ne m zabi shugabanni a tribal bẽne, a taron na soja barazana. Lokacin da ta ƙare, da ikon da mahukunta aka tsaya.

accretion na ikon

A 17th karni akwai wata barazana ga ainihi daga cikin Slavs na Baltic da kuma Yammacin, kamar yadda hatsarin lurked daga kusurwoyi mabambanta, don haka gwamnatin ta mutane ya canza wani bit.

Voivod Rasha hukumomi da yanzu ba kawai soja, amma kuma} ungiyoyin da kuma ruhaniya. Mashãwarta daga kabilar bayyana, "vladavtsy", da ake kira "m kwamandan", suka kuma yi da aikinsu na Cif a hukuncin da kuma manyan firistoci. A kan lokaci da yawa Slavs da ake kira "Gwamnan" da aka canza kama zuwa manufar "Prince." A takamaiman lokaci na kowane daga cikinsu yana da da kansa sojojin da gwamnan. Da shi shi ne mutum yin wartime Martial aiki, kuma a lura da daban-daban m} ararrakin.

Lokacin da ya tabbatar autocracy, regimental shugabannin nada kawai Moscow sarakuna. Rat ya kasu kashi 5 regiments karkashin jagorancin daya ko fiye da umarnanka. Cif ce shugaban babban rajimanti. Taimaka mahukunta clerks suka aikata da ƙidaya, kuma sun kasance tsabar kudi ma'amaloli. Bayan fashewa tashin, ya wajaba a duba dukan mayaƙa suka yi a cikin jerin, kazalika da haifar da sababbi ga daidai batun na kudi Hakkin. The title of soja gwamnan da aka soke a karkashin Peter girma, bar akwai kawai fararen hula.

The canji na ra'ayi na

A 16th karni akwai wani kananan garambawul. Local mahukunta aka kira shekara-shekara tun nada wani shekara daga baya - cikin 'yan sanda. A 17th karni akwai wani janar gabatarwar da post. A lokacin matsaloli, akwai bukatar a soja dalĩli game da kowane birni kazalika da hukumar mulki ga Moscow da kuma lardunan, wanda zai yi iko a kan dukkan zamantakewa azuzuwan. Yawanci aika fiye da daya gwamnan da mahara (na biyu da kuma na uku voevody) clerks kuma. A zubar da gwamnan ya babban ɓangare na sassa na gida shugabanci. Aikinsu sun hada da kafa na sojojin, bayarwa albashi a kudi ko gurasa, kamawa barayi da 'yan fashi, yan gudun hijira. Sun yi kama riƙi shirinsu da wuta, annoba, waƙa da doka wasanni da tabarrau, kauda tsaga, bi da limaman da kuma parishioners na coci ziyarar. Voivod - shi ne, a tsakanin sauran abubuwa, da yin hukunci. Ya yanke shawarar} ararrakin har zuwa 100, kuma baya zuwa 500 rubles. Wadanda a kan abin da mahukunta da wani iko, da aka aika zuwa Moscow. A kisa ne mafi sau da yawa ba wani ɓangare na da umarni, amma wasu da aka sanya da kuma wannan dama. Lardin sabis ne ƙwarai, m, "kai-bauta". Wannan shi ne saboda ta short duration: The sabis tsawon shekara daya ko biyu, da kuma wani lokacin uku.

A yarjejeniyoyin da Gwamnan

A 1775 da matsayi na gwamnonin da aka shafe ta. Voivodship ofisoshin, da aka gudanar a kansu, daga lokacin da Bitrus, suka rufe. A Poland, duk da haka, post wanzu har karshen 18th karni.

Voivod Mikhail Ivanovich Vorotynsky

Tun 1543 Vorotynsky nada kwamandan a birnin Belev. Ya bambanta kansa a lokacin harin Sahib Giray, Crimean Khan. Wannan ya faru a 1541. Yaƙin ya faru a nuna na Oka. Duk yunkurin tsallaka zuwa kishiyar sashi kasance a banza, kamar yadda aka tsararre da sojojin Rasha. Sahib Giray ya yanke shawarar kokarin karya da taimako na gabatowa Turkish manyan bindigogi. Tatars bude igwa wuta ya fara haye kogin ba, amma suka tsaya da sojojin Rasha suka zo daga baya, da kuma Crimean khan aka tilasta dakatar da m. Sahib Giray canza shugabanci na kai hari da kuma koma sojoji zuwa Pronsk. A hari fara ranar 3 ga watan Agusta. City shelled, amma shi gudanar ya kare. Kashegari, Khan mayar da su cikin steppe. Yana biyã Michael Vorotynsky yan'uwa Vladimir da Alexander. A sakamakon yakin suka makale 45 harsuna - 'yan leƙen asirin aika zuwa Moscow. A 1551, Mikhail Ivanovich samu da daraja na "sarauta bayin", da kuma shekara ta gaba za su yi wasa a babbar rawar a ci daga cikin Kazan Khanate. A May 1566, Ivan Grozny Vorotynsky ba da daraja na boyar.

Pretich

Wani sanannun wakilin wannan tsohon Rasha officio gwamnan Pretich. Ya gangarawa cikin birged zuwa taya Princess Olga a Kiev, yaƙi ya kewaye a 968. Yana Pretich yi amana da Pecheneg Khan.

A ƙarshe, ya kamata takaita abin da aka ce. Saboda haka, gwamnan - shi ne shugaban, da gwamnan daga cikin Slavic mutane. Tarihi ya sani mai yawa da hikima da kuma kwazo da membobin wannan ofishin. The kalmar "Gwamnan", wanda yake shi ne dangantawa - "m", mu yi tarayya da wani abu mai iko da namiji. Daga bisani, wannan matsayi da aka soke, da kuma a yau za mu iya magana game da wannan ra'ayi ne kawai tarihi al'amari.