TL494CN: wayoyi zane, a description na Rasha, da inverter kewaye

Sauya sheka Power Hardware (UPS) ne sosai na kowa. A kwamfuta da kake a halin yanzu ta amfani da yana da UPS da mahara fitarwa voltages (+12, -12, +5, -5 kuma + 3.3 V, a kalla). Kusan duk irin tubalan da wani guntu PWM mai kula yawanci rubuta TL494CN. Its analogue - m guntu M1114EU4 (KR1114EU4).

masana'antun

Dauke guntu nufin da jerin da ya fi na kowa da kuma yadu used of Hadakar lantarki. A da precursor na jerin UC38hh PWM masu kula da kamfanonin Unitrode. A 1999 kamfanin da aka samu ta hanyar Texas Instruments, kuma tun sa'an nan suka fara samar da layin na masu kula, wanda ya kai ga halittar a cikin farkon 2000s. TL494 jerin kwakwalwan kwamfuta. Bayan da tuni aka ambata a sama UPS, su za a iya samu a cikin m irin ƙarfin lantarki mai kayyadewa, a controllable actuator, a taushi starters - a takaice, duk inda amfani PWM iko.

Daga cikin kamfanonin to clone wannan guntu da ya hada da irin wannan duniya shahara brands kamar Motorola, Inc, International Rectifier, Fairchild semiconductor, ON semiconductor. Dukan su samar da wani cikakken bayanin da kayayyakin, da ake kira TL494CN datasheet.

takardun

Analysis na da irin wannan guntu kwatancin daga daban-daban masana'antun nuna da m ainihi na da halaye. A girma daga bayanai, kore ta daban-daban kamfanonin, kusan guda. Bugu da ƙari, TL494CN datasheet daga brands kamar Motorola, Inc da ON semiconductor maimaita a tsarinta, kawo sunayensu Figures, allunan da Charts. Da shi da ɗan daban-daban daga gare su, a gabatar da kayan daga Texas Instruments, amma a kusa karatu ya bayyana abin da ake nufi da an m samfurin.

Ganawa TL494CN guntu

Description of ta al'ada fara tare da ganawa da jerin ciki na'urorin. Yana da wani PWM mai kula da wani ajali mita, zai fi dacewa akayi nufi don amfani a cikin UPS, kuma da ciwon da wadannan siffofin:

• sawtooth janareta (STG).
• da kuskure amfilifa.
• wani tunani tushen (reference) ƙarfin lantarki 5 V.
• gyara kewaye "matattu lokaci".
• fitarwa transistor sauya a yanzu zuwa 500 MA;
• selection kewaye daya- ko biyu-bugun jini yanayin na aiki.

Yawan saituna

Kamar yadda da wani sauran kwakwalwan kwamfuta, a TL494CN bayanin dole ne dole dauke da jerin iyakar halatta yi. Bari mu ba su a kan tushen da Motorola, Inc:

1. Supply ƙarfin lantarki: 42 V
2. The tara ƙarfin lantarki na fitarwa transistor 42 V.
3. Yanzu fitarwa transistor tara: 500 MA.
4. Amfilifa shigar da ƙarfin lantarki range daga - 0.3 V zuwa 42 V.
5. Ikon masha'a (a t <45 ° C): 1000 MW.
6. Storage zazzabi: -55 zuwa +125 ° C.
7. Cikin kewayon aiki yanayin zafi daga 0 zuwa +70 ° C.

Ya kamata a lura da cewa siga 7 TL494IN guntu da ɗan fadi daga -25 zuwa +85 ° C.

TL494CN guntu zane

Description a Rasha janye jiki da aka nuna a cikin adadi a kasa.

A guntu aka sanya a cikin wani roba (kamar yadda aka nuna da wasika N a karshen ta Alamun) 16-fil kunshin da PDP-pin irin.

Bayyanar shi ne aka nuna a cikin hoto a kasa.

TL494CN: wani aikin kewaye

Saboda haka, aikin wannan rangadi ne a bugun jini nisa daidaitowa (PWM ko Engl. Pulse Nisa Modulated (PWM)) na ƙarfin lantarki hatsaisai generated a duka kayyade da kuma unregulated UPS. Da ikon tubalan na farko da irin bugun jini tsawon zangon kullum kai matsakaicin yiwu darajar (~ 48% domin kowane fitarwa a tura-Pull kewaye, an yi amfani da ko'ina a ikon mota audio amplifiers).

TL494CN guntu na da duka na shida tashoshi ga fitarwa sakonni, hudu daga cikinsu (1, 2, 15, 16) ne ciki bayanai na kuskure amplifiers, amfani ga kare UPS daga yanzu da kuma m overloads. Contact № 4 - ne shigar da alama na daga 0 zuwa 3 V ga daidaitawa da wajibi rabo na rectangular fitarwa hatsaisai, kuma № 3 ne fitarwa na comparator kuma za a iya amfani da hanyoyi da dama. Wani 4 (lambobin 8, 9, 10, 11) ne free haraji da emitters na transistors da iyakar halatta kaya halin yanzu na 250 MA (tare da ci gaba da aiki ba fiye da 200 MA). Su za a iya haɗa a nau'i-nau'i (9, 10, da kuma 8 zuwa 11) for iko da iko filin transistors (MOSFET-transistors) tare da iyakar halatta halin yanzu na 500 MA (ba fiye da 400 Ma ci gaba da aiki).

Mene ne ciki TL494CN na'urar? Makirci shi ne nuna a kasa.

A guntu yana da wani Hadakar tunani irin ƙarfin lantarki tushen (PEI) +5 (№ 14). An yawanci amfani da wani tunani irin ƙarfin lantarki (zuwa cikin ± 1%) amfani da shigar da haihuwarka cewa cinye kasa da 10 Ma, misali, a kan m 13 zabi daya- ko biyu-bugun jini yanayin na aiki haihuwarka: gaban kanta +5 zabi na biyu yanayin , idan ta debe ƙarfin lantarki - na farko.

Don daidaita mita na sawtooth janareta (STG), da capacitor da resistor haɗa zuwa tashoshi 5 da 6 da bi. Hakika, guntu yana da tashoshi ga gamuwa da da kuma debe ikon source (lambobi 12 da 7, bi da bi) a cikin kewayon daga 7 zuwa 42 V.

Daga cikin zane shi ne bayyananne cewa, akwai da dama daga ciki na'urorin TL494CN. Description a Rasha na aiki, za a ba da ke ƙasa a cikin shakka daga gabatarwa.

Fitarwa aiki na shigar da sakonni

Kamar wani lantarki na'urar. dauke guntu na da bayanai da kuma jimloli. Za mu fara da farko. Ya riga jerin wadannan binciken TL494CN da aka bai. Description a Rasha su aiki za a kara ba da cikakken bayani.

Tsayawa akan matsayin 1

Wannan m (ba inverting) shigar da kuskure siginar amfilifa 1. Lokacin da ƙarfin lantarki a fadin shi ne m fiye da irin ƙarfin lantarki a m 2, da fitarwa daga cikin kuskure amfilifa 1, sunã da wata low matakin. Idan shi ne ya fi a fil 2, da kuskure siginar amfilifa 1 zama high. The fitarwa na amfilifa ma replicates da kyau shigar da amfani Yã 2 matsayin tunani. Ayyuka kuskure amplifiers za a aka bayyana a cikin mafi daki-daki a kasa.

ƙarshe 2

Wannan mummunan (inverting) shigar da kuskure siginar amfilifa 1. Idan fitarwa ne ya fi a fil 1, da kuskure amfilifa 1 fitarwa zai zama low. Idan irin ƙarfin lantarki a wannan fil ne kasa da ƙarfin lantarki a m 1, da amfilifa fitarwa ne high.

ƙarshe 15

Yana aiki daidai kamar lambar 2. Sau da yawa, na biyu kuskure amfilifa ba a amfani da TL494CN. Students hada a wannan harka kawai qunshi wani fil 15 haɗa zuwa 14th (reference ƙarfin lantarki + 5V).

ƙarshe 16

Yana aiki da wannan a matsayin da lambar 1. An yawanci a haɗe zuwa total number 7, a lokacin da na biyu amfilifa ba a yi amfani da kuskure. Tare da fil 15 haɗa zuwa +5 V kuma № 16 da alaka da na kowa, na biyu amfilifa fitarwa ne low sabili da haka yana da wani sakamako a kan guntu.

ƙarshe 3

Wannan lamba kuma kowane ciki amfilifa TL494CN juna ta hanyar diodes. Idan fitarwa na wani daga cikinsu ya musanya daga low zuwa wani babban matakin, to, shi ma № 3 zama high. Lokacin da sigina a kan wannan fil wuce 3.3 volts, da fitarwa bugun jini da aka kashe (sifili wajibi sake zagayowar). Lokacin da irin ƙarfin lantarki a fadin shi ne kusa da 0, bugun jini nisa iyakar. Tsakanin 0 da kuma 3.3 V, bugun jini nisa ne daga 50% zuwa 0% (ga kowane daga cikin PWM mai kula jimloli - a cikin tashoshi 9 da 10 a cikin mafi aikace-aikace).

Idan dole, waƙar 3 za a iya amfani da a matsayin shigar da alama, ko za a iya amfani da su samar da damping gangara bugun jini widths. Idan irin ƙarfin lantarki a fadin shi ne high (> ~ 3.5 V), babu wata hanyar da za a fara UPS PWM mai kula (hatsaisai suna ɓacewa daga shi).

Tsayawa akan matsayin 4

Yana da iko kan iyaka na wajibi rabo daga cikin fitarwa hatsaisai (Engl. Matattu-Lokaci Control). Idan irin ƙarfin lantarki a fadin shi ne kusa da 0, da na'urar ne iya samar da duka biyu da mafi ƙasƙanci yiwu, da kuma matsakaicin bugun jini nisa (wanda aka bayyana da shigar da sakonni). Idan fitarwa ƙarfin lantarki ne game da 1.5 V, da fitarwa bugun jini nisa za a iyakance zuwa 50% na matsakaicin fadin (ko ~ 25% wajibi sake zagayowar ga wata da tura-Pull yanayin PWM mai kula). Idan irin ƙarfin lantarki a fadin shi ne high (> ~ 3.5 V), babu wata hanyar da za a fara UPS TL494CN. A kewaye sau da yawa qunshi hada № 4 da alaka kai tsaye zuwa ƙasa.

• Yana da muhimmanci a tuna da! The alama a cikin tashoshi 3 da 4 ya zama kasa game da 3.3 V. Kuma abin da zai faru a lokacin da shi ne kusa, misali, + 5V? To, yaya girman TL494CN? Tuki irin ƙarfin lantarki Converter cikinta, bã su samar da hatsaisai, Ina nufin ba da fitarwa ƙarfin lantarki na UPS.

ƙarshe 5

Yana hidima don haɗa lokaci capacitor CT, kuma ta biyu lamba an haɗa zuwa duniya. capacitance dabi'u kullum daga 0,01 μF to 0,1 μF. Canje-canje a cikin darajar wannan bangaren take kaiwa zuwa wani canji a cikin mita da kuma GPN fitarwa hatsaisai na PWM kula. Yawancin lokaci a can ake amfani high quality-capacitors da sosai low zazzabi coefficient (a sosai kananan canji a capacitance da zazzabi).

Tsayawa akan matsayin 6

Don haɗa vryamyazadayuschego resistor RT, kuma ta biyu lamba an haɗa zuwa duniya. Dabi'u RT da CT ƙayyade mita FPG.

• f = 1,1: (RT x CT).

Tsayawa akan matsayin 7

Ya shiga ga ƙasa kewaye da na'urar da PWM kula.

ƙarshe 12

Ya Alamtacce haruffa VCC. Ya aka shiga da "da» TL494CN samar da wutar lantarki. Students hada yawanci ƙunshi № 12 da alaka da ikon source canji. Mutane da yawa UPS yana amfani da wannan binciken a kunna ikon (da UPS kanta) da kuma ka kashe ta. Idan yana da wani +12 V da kuma lambar 7 ne na rasa, FPG da ion guntu za aiki.

ƙarshe 13

Wannan yanayin shigar da aiki. Its aiki da aka bayyana a sama.

A aiki na outputting da fitarwa sakonni

suka sama jera for TL494CN. Description a Rasha su aiki za a ba a kasa tare da cikakken bayani.

ƙarshe 8

Wannan guntu yana da biyu npn-transistor, wanda suke ta key jimloli. Wannan bincike - da tara na transistor 1 mafi yawa ana haɗa zuwa DC ƙarfin lantarki Madogararsa (12). Duk da haka, makircinsu wasu na'urorin aka yi amfani da matsayin fitarwa, da kuma za a iya gani a kan ta meander (as at lambar 11).

Tsayawa akan matsayin 9

Wannan emitter na transistor 1. Yana iko da UPS ikon transistor (filin a mafi yawan lokuta) a cikin turo-Pull kewaye, ko dai kai tsaye ko via wani tsaka-tsaki transistor.

ƙarshe 10

Wannan emitter na transistor 2. A single-share fage siginar aiki shi ne kamar a № 9. The biyu-bugun jini yanayin sakonni №№ 9 da 10 a antiphase, t. E. Lokacin da wani babban alama matakin, a kan wasu shi ne low, da kuma mataimakin versa. A mafi na'urorin da fitarwa sakonni daga emitters na transistor sauya sarrafawa da iko kwakwalwan kwamfuta dauke FETs kore a cikin ON jihar a lokacin da ƙarfin lantarki a tashoshi 9 da 10 ne high (sama ~ 3.5 V, amma shi ba ya amfani da matakin na 3.3 V a № № 3 da 4).

ƙarshe 11

Wannan haraji na transistor 2 ana haɗa zuwa kai tsaye ƙarfin lantarki tushen (+12 V).

• Lura: a TL494CN kewaye na'urorin kunsawa shi yiwuwa dauki matsayin PWM mai kula jimloli biyu haraji har yanzu emitters na transistors 1 da 2, ko da yake na biyu embodiment ne fiye da na kowa. Duk da haka, akwai zaɓuɓɓuka lokacin da shi Lambobin 8 da kuma 11 ne jimloli. Idan ka sami wani karamin gidan wuta a kewaye tsakanin guntu da MOSFET, da fitarwa ne iya dauka da shi tare da su (da buga kwallo da kai).

ƙarshe 14

Wannan fitarwa ƙarfin lantarki reference, kamar yadda aka bayyana a sama.

manufa na aiki

Yaya ta yi aiki TL494CN guntu? Ya bayyana yadda za a ba ta aiki bisa Motorola, Inc. Fitarwa hatsaisai da bugun jini daidaitowa aka samu ta hanyar kwatanta gangara siginar da kyau CT capacitor da wani daga cikin biyu iko sakonni. Dabaru kuma fitarwa transistors Q1 Q2 da controls, bude su ne kawai a lokacin da alama a kan Agogon shigar da (C1) da jawo (ga. TL494CN aikin kewaye) zama low matakin.

Saboda haka, idan shigar C1 jawo dabaru-daya matakin, da fitarwa transistors aka rufe a duka aiki halaye: single-ƙare da kuma tura-Pull. Idan wannan labari siginar da take ba Agogon mita a tura-Pull yanayin transistor sauya poocherdno bude a kan isowa na Agogon bugun jini zuwa fararwa da cutoff. A single-share fage yanayin, da kunama ba a amfani da, da kuma duka fitarwa key bude synchronously.

Wannan sigar bude jihar (a duka halaye) mai yiwuwa ne kawai a wani bangare na lokacin GPN lokacin gangara ƙarfin lantarki ne mafi girma daga iko sakonni. Saboda haka, da karuwa ko karu a girma na kula da siginar sa mikakke karuwa ko daidai da rage ƙarfin lantarki bugun jini nisa a cikin guntu jimloli.

Kamar yadda kula da sakonni za a iya amfani da irin ƙarfin lantarki m 4 (iko "matattu lokaci"), da kuskure amfilifa bayanai ko shigar da feedback sigina daga m 3.

A farko matakai don aiki tare da guntu

Kafin yin wani amfani da na'urar, shi ne shawarar su koyi yadda za a yi aiki TL494CN. Yadda za a duba shi ne aiki?

Dauki ci gaban kwamitin, ya kafa ta guntu kuma ka haɗa wayoyi bisa ga zane a kasa.

Idan duk abin da aka haɗa daidai, makirci zai yi aiki. Bar dari 3 da 4 ne ba free. Yi amfani da oscilloscope don gwada GPN - to fil 6 kamata ka gani a sawtooth ƙarfin lantarki. A jimloli zai zama sifili. Ta yaya za mu sanin ko su yi a TL494CN. Dubawa da shi za a iya yi kamar haka:

1. Haša feedback fitarwa (№ 3) da kuma lura da fitarwa "matattu lokaci» (№ 4) da na kowa m (№ 7).
2. Yanzu dole ka samu rectangular hatsaisai zuwa guntu jimloli.

Yadda za a kara da fitarwa sigina?

TL494CN fitarwa ne kyawawan low-halin yanzu, kuma ku, ba shakka, so more iko. Saboda haka, muna bukatar mu ƙara da wasu ikon transistors. A mafi sauki don amfani (da sosai sauki don samun - daga haihuwa kwamfuta motherboard) n-tashar ikon MOSFETs. Kuma kamar haka Muka invert da fitarwa TL494CN, t. K. Idan muka gama da n-tashar MOS transistor cikinta, in babu wani bugun jini a fitarwa daga cikin guntu shi zai bude domin kwarara daga kai tsaye halin yanzu. A wannan yanayin da MOS transistor iya kawai ƙona ... Saboda haka gat duniya npn-transistor da kuma haɗa bisa ga wadannan makirci.

Iko MOS transistor a cikin wannan kewaye da aka sarrafawa da m yanayin. Yana ba kyau sosai, amma ga gwaji dalilai, da kuma low ikon lafiya dace. R1 a kewaye shi ne kaya npn-transistor. Zabi shi bisa ga iyakar canja halin yanzu haraji. R2 wakiltar mu aza ikon mataki. A wadannan gwaje-gwajen, shi za a maye gurbinsu da wani gidan wuta.

Idan muka ga alamar oscilloscope a kan fil 6 na guntu, za ku ga "saw". A A'a. 8 (K1), har yanzu zaka iya ganin bugunan rectangular, kuma a kan transistor na MOS ya jawo nau'in fasalin, amma ya fi girma.

Kuma yadda ake tada wutar lantarki a fitarwa?

Yanzu bari samun wasu irin ƙarfin lantarki mafi girma ta amfani da TL494CN. Sigin waya da siginan kwamfuta yana amfani da wannan - a kan kwalliya. Babu shakka, ƙananan ƙarfin wutar lantarki ba shi da isasshen shi, musamman ma tun da babu wani mai karfin wutar lantarki akan ikon MOSFETs. Duk da haka, haɗa haɗin ƙaramin ƙananan matsala zuwa tsari na fitarwa, bisa ga wannan makirci.

Gilashin farko na transformer ya ƙunshi sau 10. Hanya ta biyu ta ƙunshi kusan 100. Saboda haka, fasalin fasalin shine 10. Idan zaka yi amfani da 10V zuwa maɓallin farko, ya kamata ka samu kimanin 100 V a fitarwa. Mahimmanci ne na ferrite. Zaka iya amfani da mahimmin matsakaici daga mai karfin wutar lantarki na PC.

Yi hankali, fitowar mai canzawa yana ƙarƙashin babban ƙarfin lantarki. A halin yanzu yana da ragu kuma ba zai kashe ka ba. Amma zaka iya samun bugawa mai kyau. Wani haɗari - idan ka shigar da babban haɓaka a fitarwa, zai tara babban cajin. Sabili da haka, bayan ya sauya filin, ya kamata a dakatar.

A fitarwa na kewaye, zaka iya kunna kowane alamar kamar fitila mai haske, kamar yadda a cikin hoton da ke ƙasa. Yana aiki a kan ƙarfin DC, kuma yana bukatar kimanin 160 V zuwa haske. (Ikon kowane na'urar yana da kimanin 15 V - tsari na girman ƙananan.)

Hanyar da ke samar da na'ura mai juyayi yana amfani dashi a cikin kowane UPS, ciki har da kayan aiki na PC. A cikin wadannan na'urori, da farko gidan wuta an haɗa via transistor sauya zuwa PWM fitarwa mai kula da hidima ga lantarki kadaici da low irin ƙarfin lantarki rabo daga kewaye kunsha TL494CN, a kan ta high-ƙarfin lantarki part, hada da wani mains gidan wuta.

Mai sauƙi Mai sarrafawa

Yawanci, a wasu kayan lantarki da aka yi da kansu, ana samar da wutar lantarki ta hanyar PC UPS mai gudana a kan TL494CN. Shirye-shiryen sauyawa akan PSU na PC yana da sananne, kuma tubalan kansu suna da sauƙin sauƙaƙe, tun da miliyoyin tsofaffin PCs an tsara su ko a sayar da su a kowace shekara. Amma a matsayin mai mulkin, waɗannan UPS suna samar da ƙwanƙwasa ba fiye da 12 V. Wannan ya yi ƙanƙara don ƙwaƙwalwar sarrafawa. Hakika, wanda zai iya gwadawa da amfani da PC na ƙarar ƙarfin wutar lantarki na 25 V, amma zai zama da wuya a samu, kuma ikon da yawa zai rushe a cikin ƙarfin lantarki na 5 V a cikin abubuwa masu mahimmanci.

Duk da haka, a kan TL494 (ko analogs) yana yiwuwa a gina dukkanin hanyoyi tare da fitarwa don ƙaruwa da wutar lantarki. Ta amfani da sassa na UPS na UPS da kuma MOSFET mai ƙarfi daga cikin katako, zaka iya gina mai sarrafa wutar lantarki PWM akan TL494CN. Ana nuna alamar mai juyawa a cikin adadi a kasa.

A kan shi zaka iya ganin kewaye da maɓallin komfurin microcircuit da matakin sarrafawa a kan wasu transistors guda biyu: MOSFET na duniya da iko.

Babban sassan: T1, Q1, L1, D1. Ana amfani da mai amfani T1 don sarrafa MOSFET mai ƙarfi da aka haɗa ta hanyar sauƙaƙe, don haka ake kira. "Mugawa". L1 shi ne haɗakarwa daga tsofaffin takardan HP (kimanin 50 juyawa, 1 cm tsawo, 0.5 cm nisa da windings, bude bakin ƙarfe). D1 - ne Schottky diode daga wata na'ura. TL494 an haɗa shi a madadin hanyar zuwa sama, ko da yake duk wani daga cikinsu zai iya amfani.

C8 shi ne haɓaka na ƙananan haɓaka, don hana ƙwaƙwalwa cikin shigarwa zuwa shigarwar amplifier kuskure, darajar 0.01uF zai kasance ko žasa ta al'ada. Matsakanin mafi girma za su rage saukar da wutar lantarki da ake bukata.

C6 shine mahimmiyar karami, ana amfani dashi don tace ƙananan mita. Tana iya aiki har zuwa dari da yawa picofarads.