Mene ne m tsarin? Juyayi tsarin, jihar da kuma kariya na

, человек узнает еще в школьные годы. Gaskiyar cewa irin wannan juyayi tsarin, wani mutum san a makarantar kwana. A ilmin halitta aji na samar da janar bayanai game da jiki a matsayin dukan, kuma a kan mutum gabobin musamman. Kamar yadda wani ɓangare na makaranta manhaja, yara koyi cewa jihar na juyayi tsarin dogara a kan al'ada aiki na jiki. A cikin taron shi hadarurruka lalace da kuma sauran gabobin. Akwai daban-daban dalilai, wanda wasu har shi rinjayar. характеризуют как одно из важнейших звеньев организма. A juyayi tsarin ne halin a matsayin daya daga cikin mafi muhimmanci sassa na jiki. Ana sa wani aikin hadin kai na ciki Tsarin na mutum kwayoyin da dangantaka da na waje muhalli. Bari mu bincika abin da juyayi tsarin.

tsarin

Don gane da abin da juyayi tsarin, ya zama dole ne mu bincika dukan ta abubuwa dabam. Kamar yadda wani tsarin naúrar na neuron ayyukan. Yana da wani cell da ciwon appendages. sarkar kafa daga neurons. Magana ne game da abin da juyayi tsarin, ya kamata ma a ce cewa shi ne hada Ƙungiyarku biyu: tsakiya da kuma na gefe. Tsohon hada kwakwalwa da kuma laka, na biyu - da sharar gida daga wadannan jijiyoyi da kullin. Conventionally, da juyayi tsarin ne zuwa kashi da autonomic da somatic.

Kwayoyin

Sun kasu kashi biyu manyan kungiyoyin: da afferent da efferent. начинается с рецепторов. A juyayi tsarin fara da tsoka mai amsa sigina. Sũ ba su sani haske, sauti, wari. Efferent - motor - Kwayoyin samar da aika hasken dake fitowa zuwa takamaiman gabobin. Sun kunshi jiki da kuma tsakiya, da yawa matakai, da ake kira dendrites. A jijiya cell da aka ware fiber - axon. Its tsawon iya zama 1-1.5 mm. Axons samar da bugun jini watsa. A membranes na sel da alhakin ji na iyawa da wari, ne na musamman couplings. Sun amsa kiran wasu abubuwa da canza ta status.

vegetative sashen

обеспечивает работу внутренних органов, желез, лимфатических и кровеносных сосудов. The aiki na juyayi tsarin samar da kayan ciki, gland, Lymph da jini. Don wasu har, shi sa da kuma aiki na tsokoki. A autonomic tsarin allocates da parasympathetic kuma m rarrabuwa. A karshen samar da almajiri dilation da kananan Airways, ta ƙara matsa lamba, ta ƙara zuciya kudi, da sauransu. A parasympathetic rabo ne ke da alhakin aiki na haihuwa gabobin, mafitsara, dubura. Daga shi zo da hasken dake fitowa ta cewa kunna wasu jijiyoyi (oculomotor, glossopharyngeal, misali). Cibiyoyin suna located a cikin akwati na kwakwalwa da kuma sacral rabo daga laka.

pathologies

Cututtuka na autonomic tsarin za a iya sharadi da daban-daban dalilai. Popular sau da yawa, da cuta ne sakamakon wasu pathologies, kamar kai rauni, guba, cututtuka. Katsalandan a cikin autonomic tsarin za a iya sharadi da rashin bitamin, m danniya. Sau da yawa da cuta "masked" wasu pathologies. Alal misali, warwarewarsu ga mahaifa ko thoracic aiki akwati nodes alama ciwon kirji, har ya zuwa kafada. Wadannan cututtuka su ne hali na cututtukan zuciya, don haka marasa lafiya ne sau da yawa rude Pathology.

laka

Outwardly, yake kama da igiyar. . A tsawon wannan sashe na fara tasawa - game 41-45 cm biyu thickening ne ba a cikin laka: lumbar da mahaifa. Suna kafa da ake kira ƙananan tsarin da innervation daga cikin manya ƙwarai. A cikin laka akwai wadannan sassan: sacral, lumbar, thoracic, mahaifa. Tare da dukan tsawon aka rufe da laushi, m kuma arachnoid.

kwakwalwa

An located a cikin kwanyar. Kwakwalwa aka yi sama da dama da hagu hemispheres, kara da cerebellum. An gano cewa da nauyin da maza fiye da mata. Kwakwalwarsa cin fara, a zamanin tayi zai kare. Da ainihin size na jiki kai kimanin shekaru 20. By ƙarshen rayuwa na kwakwalwa nauyi tayi. Shi ne ya zama ruwan dare sashen:

1. A karshen.
2. Intermediate.
3. Average.
4. The raya.
5. Oblong.

yammancin duniya

Sun ƙunshi muhimmi ganglia da olfactory cibiyar. A matsanancin harsashi na hemispheres yana da wani wajen wuya juna. Wannan shi ne saboda kasancewar rollers da GROOVES. Sai suka samar da wani semblance "wobble". Kowane mutum ne na musamman zane. Duk da haka, akwai da dama GROOVES, guda ga kowa da kowa. Su ka damar ware biyar hannun jari: frontal, parietal, occipital, na boko da kuma boye.

unconditioned reflexes

– ответная реакция на раздражители. A matakai na juyayi tsarin - mayar da martani ga samuwar kasashe. Unconditioned reflexes karatu shahararren Rasha masanin kimiyya, kamar I. P. Pavlov. Wadannan halayen ana yafi mayar da hankali a kan kai-tsare na jiki. Babban wadanda suke da abinci, ƙiyashi, tsaron gida. Unconditioned reflexes - nakasar.

rarrabuwa

Unconditioned reflexes aka bincika Simonov. Masana kimiyya sun gano uku azuzuwan na m martani m zuwa wani filin ci gaba da yanayi:

1. M. Su samar da mutum jinsunan da kuma adana na jiki. Wadannan reflexes hada da abinci, ƙiyashi, tsaron gida, sha, tsari na barci, da dai sauransu A sharudda ga irin halayen ne :. Mutuwar jiki rashin biyan bukata da dacewa da bukatun, da aiwatar da dauki ba tare da sa hannu na sauran mutane na wannan nau'in.
2. Aikin. Wadannan reflexes ake gane kawai a hulda da sauran mutane daga cikin wannan jinsin. Wadannan halayen samar da kafuwar ga iyaye, kuma haka a yankin. Halayyar. Wadannan tunani suna da muhimmanci musamman ga "empathy", da wani tunanin rawa, samar da wani rukuni matsayi a cikin abin da kowane mutum yana da wata rawa - iyaye, da wani abokin tarayya, a baby, da baƙunci, ko da wata rundunar range, bawan shugaban, da sauransu.
3. Halayen kai. Wadannan reflexes ake nufi ga ci gaban sarari-lokaci muhallin, da suke fuskanta nan gaba. Irin wannan halayen hada da exploratory hali, kwaikwaiyo, don haka da juriya.

orientating reflex

An bayyana a cikin involuntary azanci da hankali, tare da kara tsoka sautin. Yana kira reflex sabon ko m kara kuzari. Masana kimiyya kira wannan dauki "nastorazhivanie", tashin hankali, da mamaki. Akwai uku bulan na ta ci gaba:

1. Ƙarshe na yanzu aiki, kayyade hali. Simon ya kira shi da na kowa (proactive) braking. Yana taso a bayyanar da wani alama da wani ba a sani ba mai kara kuzari.
2. Za amsa "kunnawa". A wannan mataki, jiki da aka canjawa wuri zuwa reflex shiri domin yiwuwar fuskantar gaggawa halin da ake ciki. Wannan shi ne bayyanannu a cikin sauran karuwa a tsoka sautin. A wannan lokaci akwai wani polycomponent dauki. Yana hada bi da bi na kai, a cikin shugabanci na ido kara kuzari.
3. Kam filin kara kuzari ga farkon bambancin siginar bincike da kuma selection martani.

darajar

Nuni reflex ne wani ɓangare na exploratory hali. Wannan shi ne musamman a bayyane yake a cikin sabon yanayi. Research aiki za a iya mayar da hankali a kan ci gaba da kuma} ir}, kuma don neman wani abu da za su iya gamsar da son sani. Bugu da kari, shi zai iya samar da da kuma bincika da muhimmancin kara kuzari. A wannan halin da ake ciki, akwai wani girma ji na ƙwarai daga analyzer.

inji

Da aiwatar da shi ne saboda abin da fuskantarwa reflex tsauri hulda tsakanin wani jam'i na abokai nonspecific da kuma takamaiman CNS abubuwa. Phase janar kunnawa, msl, hade da kaddamar da reticular samuwar da kuma farkon da kowa yana da zumudi bawo. A cikin bincike na kara kuzari farko muhimmanci shi ne cortico-limbic-thalamic hadewa. An muhimmiyar rawa a nan nasa ne da hippocampus.

sharadi reflexes

A nuna na 19-20 ƙarni. Pavlov, wani dogon lokaci, don gano da aiki na narkewa kamar gland, gano a cikin gwaji dabbobi wadannan sabon abu. Karuwan mugunya na ciki da ruwan 'ya'yan itace da kuma yau faruwa a kai a kai, ba kawai a tsaye lamba tare da abinci a cikin narkewa kamar fili, amma kuma a jira na samun shi. A wannan lokacin, da tsarin ba da wannan sabon abu ba a sani. Masana kimiyya ya bayyana "shafi tunanin mutum da ruri" gland. A m karatu, wannan dauki da aka kwashe Pavlov to matukar (samun) reflexes. Suna iya bayyana da kuma bace a hanya, a rayuwarsu. Domin bayyanar da sharadi martani ka bukatar ka daidaita biyu samuwar kasashe. Daya daga cikin su a cikin wani yanayin da ake ciki triggers wata halitta martani - da unconditioned reflex. Na biyu, a cikin ra'ayi na yau da kullum, shi ba ya tsokane wani dauki. Yana aka bayyana a matsayin wani sha'aninsu dabam (sha'aninsu dabam). Ya bayyana a wani sharadi reflex, na biyu kara kuzari ya kamata a fara zuwa tasiri kafin cikakkar, ga 'yan seconds. Cikinsa da farko akanta ya zama karami.

Kariya daga cikin juyayi tsarin

Kamar yadda ka sani, a jiki shafi wani iri-iri dalilai. сказывается на работе других органов. Yanayin juyayi tsarin rinjayar da aikin na sauran jikin. Ko alama kananan kurakurai iya kai ga tsanani cututtuka. A wannan yanayin, ba su ko da yaushe a hade tare da juyayi tsarin aiki. A wannan batun, mai hankali ya kamata a biya zuwa m matakan. раздражающих факторов. A mataki na farko shi ne don rage tasiri a kan m tsarin irritants. An sani cewa m danniya, motsin zuciyarmu ne a dalilin zuciya pathologies. Jiyya daga cikin wadannan cututtuka hada da ba wai kawai magunguna amma kuma physiotherapy, motsa jiki far da sauransu. Of musamman muhimmancin ne rage cin abinci. Daga dace abinci mai gina jiki ya dogara da matsayi na duk tsarin da kuma gabobin. The abinci ya kamata dauke da isasshen yawa na bitamin. Masana sun bayar da shawarar da su sun hada da rage cin abinci na shuka abinci, ganye, da kayan lambu da 'ya'yan itãce.

bitamin C

Ya na da kyau sakamako a kan dukkan jiki tsarin, ciki har da juyayi. Saboda bitamin C da aka bayar a salon salula matakin da makamashi fitarwa. Wannan fili an da hannu a cikin kira na ATP (adenosine triphosphate). Vitamin C an dauki daya daga cikin mafi iko antioxidants, shi kau da illar da free radicals da cudanya da su. Bugu da kari, abu ne m don bunkasa aiki da kuma sauran antioxidants. Daga gare su, bitamin E da kuma selenium.

lecithin

Yana bayar da ga al'ada matakai a cikin juyayi tsarin. Lecithin - muhimman abubuwan gina jiki ga Kwayoyin. Da abun ciki na gefe sashe ne game da 17% a cikin kwakwalwa - 30%. Idan kasa da kwarara auku lecithin burnout. The mutum ya zama m, wanda sau da yawa take kaiwa zuwa juyayi breakdowns. Lecithin wajibi ne ga duk Kwayoyin a cikin jiki. An kunshe a wani rukuni na B-bitamin da kuma inganta harkokin samar da makamashi. Bugu da kari, lecithin ne da hannu a samar da acetylcholine.

Music calms da juyayi tsarin

Kamar yadda aka ce a sama, a cututtuka na tsakiya m tsarin warkewa matakan iya hada ba kawai kashi na magani. Warkewa hanya da aka zaba, dangane da muhimmancin da take hakki. достигается зачастую и без обращения к врачу. A halin yanzu, shakatawa na juyayi tsarin da aka cimma sau da yawa ba tare da tunani da likita. A mutum na iya samun nasu hanyoyin da za a taimaka hangula. . Alal misali, akwai daban-daban sautunan for calming da juyayi tsarin. Kamar yadda mai mulkin, shi ne jinkirin qagaggun, sau da yawa ba tare da kalmomi. Duk da haka, wasu mutane za su iya kwantar da hankula da kuma Maris. Lokacin da ka zaɓi karin waƙa don su shiryu game da nasu fifiko. Yana kawai dole ne a gani a shi da cewa music aka ba tawayar. Yau, m isa ya zama na musamman shakatawa salo. Yana hadawa gargajiya, jama'a karin waƙa. Babban alama na shakatawa music - tãna tãshi da sauƙi monotony. Yana "shigar" da mai sauraro, da samar da wani taushi, duk da haka m "rafta" kare mutum daga waje samuwar kasashe. Relaktsiruyuschaya music iya zama classic, amma ba symphonic. Yawancin lokaci aka yi da daya da makami: piano, guitar, goge, da sarewa. Yana iya kuma zama wani song tare da maimaita recitative da kuma sauki kalmomi. Popular ne da sauti na halitta - da rustling na ganye, da sauti na ruwan sama, birdsong. A tare da tare da tune da dama kayan aikin da suka kwashe wani mutum daga kullum bustle na hedkwatarsu da kari, taimaka juyayi da kuma murdede tashin hankali. Lokacin da sauraron umurni da tunani, da tashin hankali da bada hanya zuwa kwantad da hankali.