The sunan dinosaur. Hotuna da sunayen

A kowane mataki na ci na duniyarmu wanzu wasu dabbobi, ya zama wani irin "katange" a lokacinsa. Wadannan mutane su ne na karshe kalmomi juyin halitta, kazalika da mafi m, mafi fasaha da kuma kuzari a lokacin. A wannan labarin, za mu magana game da dinosaur - dabbobi masu rarrafe, rinjaye a Duniya miliyan 200 da suka wuce, ko fiye daidai, su sunayen.

A heyday na daular Qing

Dinosaur sunan fassara daga Girkanci matsayin "m kadangaru." Ancient dabbobi masu rarrafe sun sau daya ba da kambi na halitta, koli na ci gaba dabbobi masu rarrafe. Su yi mulki da ball fiye da miliyan 100 shekara, sauran da undisputed Masters na ƙasar. Wadannan halittu suke da yawa, bambancin. Ba wani rai a lokacin ba za a iya kwatanta ta da m kadangaru.

Drama asalin, Yunƙurin da kuma nau'i nau'i na dinosaur m da tunanin mutãne tun sa'an nan, mutane sun koyi game da wanzuwar abin da ake kira Great Age na dabbobi masu rarrafe. Wadannan dabbobi har yanzu a hankali karatu, tattara kayan da kuma gano more kuma mafi burbushin. A cikin Sanadin mutuwar dinosaur daular, har kwanan nan, aka ba hada da guda ra'ayi, da kuma yanzu a kan wannan topic ne kullum walƙiya kimiyya muhawara.

A bit na taxonomy

Dinosaur (hotuna da sunayen gabatar a cikin labarin), kazalika da zamani dabbobi, ba za a dauke masana kimiyya da ka. Domin ba su samun ɓace a cikin iri-iri na beraye, da macizai, da giwaye, Cats, frogs, beetles, Dabbobi ƙarshe dukan dabbobi suka rabu wasu kungiyoyin, kamar yadda shi yada su fita "a kan shelves". Kowace daga cikin wadannan kungiyoyin hadawa halittu, kama da juna a tsarin da kuma asali.

Babban kungiyar dabbobi ne su irin, hada da wani jam'i na m mutane. Shafi nau'in harhada cikin danginsu, ko superfamily. Rod, bi da bi, aka sõyayya a cikin iyali; iyali - a raka'a; Sojojin - a azuzuwan, da kuma azuzuwan - a iri. Alal misali, mu views tare da ku - mutum mai ganewa, wanda shi ne irin na mutane daga gidan birai. Mun kasance a cikin tsari na mannyan birai, dabbobi masu shayarwa, da kuma wakiltar da wani aji na vertabrate subtype na da irin tsirkiya. Ga wani sauki dabaru!

Shi ne ya kamata a lura da cewa ba tare da taxonomy yi ne kawai zai yiwu ba. In ba haka ba, za ka iya samun rude, saboda yanzu a duniya akwai da dama miliyoyin daban-daban jinsin dabbobi, shi ne wani amoeba, da tsutsa, da kuma tashi, da kuma mutane. Hakazalika, Systematics aiki tare da masu rarrafe kira dinosaur. Nau'in da sunayen wadannan halittu ne da suka rayu a lokuta daban-daban, daban-daban ma. Dukan su suna takaice daidai da jigon da hali ko dabba rayuwa, kazalika da siffofin da tsarin.

Kamar kada ka karya harshen!

Matsayin mai mulkin, da kimiyya sunayen wasu dabbobi sauti sabon abu ga wani sauki layman, da kuma wasu daga cikinsu ba zai yiwu ba ga hurta. Wannan shi ne m: su ne bisa ga al'ada ba a Latin ko Greek harsuna. Alal misali, dinosaur sunan yawanci nuna fasali na waje tsarin da wadannan halittu masu rarrafe ko iyali dangantaka dabbobi zuwa wani gwani (a dabbobi, wani likitan dabbobi, wani masanin binciken burbushin halittu) san nan da nan wanda irin ya ke mu'amala da.

A kifi-lizard da pangolin giant

The sunan dinosaur, a mafi yawan lokuta shi ne wani ɓangare - "Zavriev": Allosaurus, Brontosaurus, ichthyosaur, Tyrannosaurus, da dai sauransu Alal misali, da sunan "Brontosaurus" da aka fassara a matsayin giant, wata babbar lizard (ga hoton da ke ƙasa). Bugu da kari, Brontesom mai suna daya daga cikin Cyclopes - Greek yanci Refayawa. Sunan "ichthyosaur" da aka fassara daga Girkanci harshe a matsayin kifi-lizard "ihtios" - kifi, "Zavriev" - wani lizard. A wannan yanayin, sunan wannan marine masu rarrafe ya nuna mana ta bayyanar.

Sobakozub

Wani lokaci sunayen da mummunan kadangaru iya sami kalmar "Dont 'ko' Don '. Yana fassara a matsayin hakori. Alal misali, wasu daga cikin mafi yawan sanannun na wannan kungiyar ne dinosaur Cynodont. Wannan brutish kadangaru, wanda kuma kakanni na zamani dabbobi masu shayarwa. Sunan wadannan dinosaur kama jigon da tsarin da hakori tsarin, da kuma fassara a matsayin sobakozub "tsinos" - kare "Dont" - a hakori.

tashi dinosaur

The sunan dinosaur dauki zuwa sama, shi yana da wani sabon abu da bangaren part - dactyl. Fassara daga Latin kalmar "daktilos" na nufin yatsa. Mafi shahara Flying dinosaur ne, ba shakka, a pterodactyl. A cikin Rasha fassarar wannan paltsekryl: tsoho kalmar Helenanci "pteron" - wannan reshe.

Wane ne zuhii?

Sau da yawa da sunan dinosaur hada da wani m kalmar "zuhiya". A ka'ida, a nan ma, babu wani abu da wuya. Wannan bangaren bangare ne sau da yawa kunshe a cikin suna daga burbushin halittu masu rarrafe: mesosuchia, eozuhiya, pseudosuchian, pastozuhiya da dai sauransu Saboda haka shafa tsoho crocodiles ko kama da dabbobi a kan su, a matsayin tsoho kalmar Helenanci "zuhos" - a kada.

Tiran daga dinosaur

Hakika, ba shi yiwuwa a yi watsi da duniya da ya fi rare dinosaur - Tyrannosaurus Rex. Ya kuma da yawa daga cikin dangi - a predatory dinosaur. Sunayen wadannan dabbobi masu rarrafe magana game da su magabaci a kan wasu dabbobi, kamar yadda idan crowning daga wadannan kadangaru. The kalmar "Tyrannosaurus" da aka fassara daga Girkanci harshe a matsayin lizard-ubangijina "tiranos" - Ubangiji, ya Ubangiji.

Bishiyar iyalin dabbobi masu rarrafe

Kamar yadda ka sani, dabbobi masu rarrafe wakiltar wani raba aji na vertabrate ya kasu kashi daban-daban subclasses. A mafi tsoho da mafi m rukuni na dabbobi masu rarrafe ne a subclass anapsid. Masana binciken burbushin halittu sun ƙarasa da cewa babu wakilin anapsid bai rayu har zuwa yanzu lokaci, da kuma na karshe na wakilainsu dadaddun ko da miliyan 200 da suka wuce!

Daga tushen anapsid rabu reshe, mai lakabin Synapsid. Wannan subclass na zamanin d dabbobi masu rarrafe, masana binciken burbushin halittu miƙa kakanninmu - magabatan zamani dabbobi masu shayarwa, to wanda wani mutum ne da mulkin. Abin baƙin ciki, Synapsid kuma dadaddun, kuma bai rayu har zuwa heyday daga zuriyarsa.

Wannan shi ne wani subclass na zamanin d dabbobi masu rarrafe, rabu daga tushe na zamanin d akwati - subclass anapsid. Wannan reshe ne zuwa kashi biyu wasu - archosaurs da lepidosauria. Na farko da kungiyar hada crocodiles, dinosaur Flying, kuma ƙasar, kuma na biyu - da rai har yanzu tuatara, kadangaru da macizai. By lepidosauria ne riga dadaddun cikin ruwa dinosaur tare da dogon wuyõyinsu, aka kira plesiosaurs.