The gine-gine "Kyiv sansanin soja"

"Kyiv sansanin soja" - wani hadadden na kufaifan na Ukrainian babban birnin kasar, kafa goma sha biyar ƙarni. Yana hada da: Museum of yakin duniya na biyu tarihi, da shuka "Arsenal", Kiev-Pechersk Lavra, da kuma rundunar tsaron gida ganuwar da itatuwa Kiev.

A musamman Kabarin

Shi ne kasar ne kawai abin tunawa ga USAID da kuma daya daga cikin duniya most maginin mata kagarai da cewa sun tsira zuwa yau. Amma ba kowa ya san inda na Kiev sansanin soja. An located a kan asibitin Street, 24a.

Akwai kullum aiwatar da sabon archaeological tsawon Kievan Rus da Scythian sau. A lokacin holidays a cikin hadaddun Kyiv kagara (photo kasa) gun gaisuwa da kuma tãyar da tutar. A murhu daki, abin da ba ya daidai a cikin Ft Irfan Properties, m da kuma wallafe-wallafen maraice.

The sansanin soja na Kievan Rus: 'yan facts daga cikin tarihin

Tarihi karfafa fara a cikin marigayi 5th karni zuwa kagara, located a kan Old Kiev Hill. A wancan lokaci, an karfafa ta kawarai, moats da kusurwoyi. Amma bayan Kiev ya zama babban birnin kasar na Kievan Rus, birnin suka fara samar da tsarin na kufaifan. All sassa na birnin samu da kansa tsaro tsarin. A 1240, bayan da shan kashi, samu da Batu Khan, dilapidated kufaifan. Su sabon mataki na ci gaba fara a lokacin da Yaren mutanen Poland-Lithuanian mulki, a lokacin da gina sansanin soja (Lithuanian castle) a kan Horevitsa dutsen. A lokacin ziyararsa a Rasha jihar hukumomi a Kiev da aka gina garun na Pechersk zuwa Khreshchatyk. A 1679 Cossack sojojin karkashin jagorancin Samoilovych hada Crypt Starokievsky da kuma karfafa, ta haka ne kafa wata na kowa babbar sansanin soja. Pechersk kagara a cikin farkon karni na sha takwas da aka cika kafa.

A hadaddun

Kiev sansanin soja, wanda aka located a cikin Pechersk tudun, ya hada da uku babban aka gyara na tsaro: A asibiti da kuma Vasilkovskoe karfafa, kazalika da kagara. A yi na sansanin soja, wanda ya fara a farkon shekaru na karni na sha takwas, shi ne saboda gaskiyar cewa Rasha Empire aka shirya domin Great Arewa War. Bugu da ari Kiev gano a matsayin babban dabarun batu. A 1706 ya zo cikin birnin, Bitrus I, kuma sami wani wuri don sabon kufaifan. Mafi dace wuri juya da Kiev-Pechersk sufi. A cikin wannan shekara a gaban sarki ya da hukuma kafuwarta na farko da dutse daga cikin sansanin soja, wanda a nan gaba zai zama wani Bastion na Kiev sansanin soja. Kuma a halin yanzu lokacin a Kyiv sansanin soja hadaddun adireshin ne sosai dace domin yawon bude ido.

The sufi matsayin dabarun kadari

Kiev-Pechersk sufi, babban core karfafa Crypt, aka ba zaba kwatsam. Shi ne daga farkon ta zama yana da robust hasumiya, da ganuwar tsaron gida. Daga cikin tarihin an san cewa riga a cikin 2nd rabin na goma sha ɗaya karni, da sufi da aka kewaye da wani palisade. A sha biyu karni palisade aka maye gurbinsu da wani dutse bango, wanda a 1240 da aka halaka ta mangolawa. A cikin karni na goma sha bakwai sufi shinge da aka har yanzu aka yi da itace. Yana daga lokaci zuwa lokaci garu ramparts. Saboda haka, a cikin 1679 da sojojin na Hetman Ivan Samoilovych a kusa da gidan sufi gina embankments. Shekaru ashirin da daga baya, da sufi kare da sosai high ganuwar da dama ƙofar ƙofofin da biyar hasumiya, kazalika da da musamman ƙofa majami'u. Don kwanan wata, mun tsira Ivan Kushnikov, Onufrievskaya, ta Kudu da kuma zanen da hasumiya. Sanye take da loopholes gadon kwana na jirgin ƙasa hasumiyai a cikin ni'imar da bango. Tsaron gida dutse ganuwar, a kasa na game 3 mita m, yana da tsawo na game da bakwai mita da kuma ƙarasa Martial galleries located a kan Tsarin jawabai. Suna a ciki aka sanya a cikin nau'i na arcades.

Da muhimmancin da sufi a cikin tarihi na sansanin soja

Saboda haka, sufi a kan tushe lokaci Pechersk sansanin soja da aka isasshe abin dogara tsaro tsarin. Yi Bastion irin ta maginin sansanin soja da aka kammala a 1723 Shi ne mai tsanani ga tabbatarwa cikin sharuddan wani madauwari tsarin na kufaifan. Yana hada 9 gagarumin, daya polubastion Ravelin, labule ko wasu abubuwa. Kamar yadda ci gaba da barazana da waje baki, castle kullum bukaci a kiyaye dace tabbatarwa, kazalika da ta zamani da kuma sake fasalin kudin. A hamsin na karni na sha takwas, da kagara yi aikin gudanar Bosquet, wani soja m. A wannan lokacin, da gagarumin sami halin yanzu da sunan: Spassky, Pavlovsky, ɗauka cewa, Petrovsky, Semyonov, St. Andrew. Har ya zuwa farkon karni na sha tara a kagara fiye da bude fortifications, da dama wasu da muhimmanci sosai gine-gine da aka gina, kamar Moscow da kuma Vasilkovsky ƙofar, Arsenal House, foda mujallar, formulations barikin. Ganin ci gaba a ci gaba da makamai, ciki har da wani karuwa a cikin samuwa kewayon igwa, da aka gina ta maginin Zverinetsky Opperman tabbatarwa daga cikin tsari, wani soja m. Haka ya faru a kan Hauwa'u na da War of 1812 musamman don kare Pechersk sansanin soja.

Gina sabon wurare na sansanin soja

Kiev bai rasa ta soja da kuma dabarun darajar, ko da bayan yaki. A 1830, shirin da aka amince da sabon sansanin soja, wanda aka ɓullo da Oppermann. Bisa ga aikin envisaged gina asibitin da Vassilkovsky kufaifan. Haka kuma an shirya ya canza Pechersk kagara kunshe a cikin overall tsarin na kufaifan. Kuma har yanzu, Kyiv kagara (photos za a iya kyan gani, a wannan labarin) yayi wani look at wadannan abubuwa.

Kiev ya fara da gina sansanin soja a 1831, bayan da aka kafa da ake kira Vassilkovsky karfafa, yayin da gina shi da aka kammala a 1863. Yana kunshi Ravelin da guardhouse, embankments, kazalika da uku hasumiyarki. Cherepanov dutsen karfafa asibiti da aka gina a 1842-1849 shekaru. Yana hada 3 guardhouse, dake a cikin ramuka,, embankments, QFontDatabase caponier, arewacin caponier a kananan gada, wani asibiti da kuma wasu gine-gine. Har ila yau a kusa da kwazazzabo Klovsky samar nazarinsa da aka gina biyu hasumiya, da ƙofofi Nikolaev kuma a kusa da kusa da nesa kogwanni da aka halicce ta tsaron gida katangu.

Garu gine-gine "Kyiv sansanin soja", wanda aka kammala a sittin daga cikin karni na sha tara, kunshi na Asibitin da Vassilkovsky kufaifan Pechersk kagara rami Zverynets kufaifan. Amma kamar yadda a wancan lokaci sosai aiki a tasowa a firearm, shi ne lokaci na aikin bai hadu riga zamani tsaro da bukatun. A 1871-1877 shekaru da bukatar sabunta da kufaifan sanya to kafa sansanin soja a kan tudu.

Haka kuma, da Kyiv sansanin soja a matsayin babban USAID hadaddun, gina fiye da rabin karni. The bushãra ne cewa da dama na gine-gine da aka kiyaye su zuwa yanzu sau.

Duk da cewa da hadaddun "Kyiv sansanin soja" da lokaci rasa ta farko dabarun muhimmancin, wata babbar adadin tsaro 4 a lokacin da halittar garu Tsarin sun iya tsira har yanzu.

Ma'ana Fort a labarai Kiev

A cikin tarihi na birnin na Kiev sansanin soja shubuha. Kusan shekaru 70 na halittar wani soja garu sansanin cikin Pechersk iya jinkirta da} ungiyoyin yi na yankin. Bugu da ƙari, ta yi aka kai tsaye alaka da saurin ci gaban vodogona, tubali masana'antu, samar da albarku (Pankratevskogo, Alexandrovsky, Navodnitsky, Klovsky) da kuma cobbled tituna, da embankment na kan hanya, da farko m gada fadin Dnieper. Production gwani ARSENALNY sansanin soja sun amfrayo na "Arsenal" shuka. A ranar, da hadaddun na gine-gine na sansanin soja da aka dauke su a takamaiman gidan kayan gargajiya da tarihi na USAID, wanda ya nuna ci gaban da kufaifan lokaci rifled da smoothbore bindigogi.

Castles

A mafi tsufa na da alama suna dauke a matsayin tsaron gida ganuwar da hasumiyarki. Suna located a kusa da Upper Lavra. Ga sabuwar USAID tsarin mulkin Bastion maginin kufaifan na kagara, asibiti polygonal USAID Vasilkovskoe tsanani ga tabbatarwa. Duk wani nau'i na tsaron gida barikin, located in Pechersk, a kansa farin cikin siffofin na Rasha USAID makaranta. Ta aka bisa ga masana, ya zauna a manyan matsayi a Turai a farkon karni na sha tara. Lysogorskaya karfafa nuna halaye na wani sansanin soja outlying mata kagarai lokaci rifled manyan bindigogi. Wasu gine-gine na sansanin soja da ake kai tsaye nasaba da tarihin juyin juya halin Musulunci da kuma 'yantar ƙungiyoyi. Inda da zarar an yi wani siyasa kurkuku "Kiev Shlisselburg" a cikin thirties na karshe karni bude gidan kayan gargajiya "QFontDatabase caponier".

Kyiv sansanin soja Museum a yau

A kowace shekara, archaeologists samu daban-daban facts daga tarihi na birnin da sansanin soja. Wannan shi ne daya daga cikin dalilan da cewa a cikin rãyuwar lokacin Kyiv sansanin soja - daya daga cikin mafi m birni gidajen tarihi. The mafi ban sha'awa kashi na abu yana dauke Diagon Caponier, gina a 1844. Shi ne wani gini da sosai m ganuwar, wanda akai shi ne wani dutse da tubali. A ganuwar ta slits aka sanya da kuma embrasures ga bindigogi da kuma bindigogi. Magina domin sauki reference Caponier fagen fama sanya a wani kwana da shaft na sansanin soja, Saboda haka da sunan da ya bayyana. Tun daga farko, ya zama dole ga ajiya na manyan bindigogi da makamai stockpiles. Amma a cikin sittin daga cikin karni na 19th zama siyasa kurkuku, wanda aka gudanar, kamar yadda ba za ka iya gaya, da fursunonin siyasa kafin su canja wuri zuwa Lesogorskiy Fort a kan gumagumai.

Don kwanan wata, QFontDatabase Caponier wakiltar daya daga cikin mafi muhimmanci da kuma ban sha'awa abubuwa na Kiev sansanin soja. Baya da shi, a kan wani ɓangare na Great Patriotic War Museum, Kiev-Pechersk Lavra, kazalika da yawa wurare. Su za a iya ziyarci yayin da a Pechersk, a cikin hadaddun "Kyiv kagara." Yadda za a samu to san kowa da kowa a cikin gari, kuma za su faɗakar da ku: daga jirgin / tashar jirgin yana da wata damar samun a kan bas lambar 14, bas lambar 534 zuwa tashar bas da ya dace sunan ko taxi. Daga Bessarabki tare da Peoples 'Friendship da Solomyanki tafiya bas lambar 450.

gidajen tarihi

A guardhouse ne biyu gidajen tarihi da aka sadaukar domin tarihin kufaifan. Sha'awa, daya daga cikinsu shi ne a karkashin kasa. Baƙi za su kama shi a cikin wani nau'i tuba zuwa ga fursunonin. Tare da canji a cikin tarihi halin da ake ciki duk loopholes an tuba zuwa windows tare da m grids. Ga wata damar ganin mai yawa haihuwa kayayyakinsa, da tsari, da makamai da kuma kayayyakinsu da fursunoni tsira zuwa yau. A gaba gidan kayan gargajiya ne muhimmin tarihi takardun da kayan daga daban-daban sau.

Yau Kyiv sansanin soja ne daya daga cikin mafi enigmatic birnin gidajen tarihi, kamar yadda a kowace shekara, archaeologists samu daban-daban facts daga tarihi na birnin da sansanin soja.

A gidan kayan gargajiya tarin

Babban dutse hasumiya, earthworks da caponiers - shi balaguro din nuni abubuwa a cikin gine-gine "Kyiv kagara." A shirin na nune-nunen wakilta wani tarin tarihi da kuma soja miniatures a Ukraine, Turai ta most tarin "Napoleoniana" bugu rabo daga cikin UPR da shi. Makhno. Da takuba, da māsu, crossbows, kuma gakovnitsy Chablis da kayan aiki remarkably fit a cikin sauran view of kufaifan. Museum nune-nunen aka sanya shi a cikin biyu caponiers cewa gaya game da tarihin Kiev da kasa USAID tun Tripoli al'ada har karni na sha tara, kazalika da game da tarihin na aikace-aikace na sansanin soja constructions.