Zane-zane Makovsky: description, photo

Artists da aka hada a Association of Matafiya Art nune-nunen - "Wanderers" - bar wani haske alama a Rasha zanen na karshe na uku na XIX karni. Wannan ne mai matukar Rasha sabon abu a cikin tarihi na art, kamar yadda ta babban alama ya zama rabuwa da juna m da kuma rayuwar zamantakewa a kasar. Vladimir Egorovich Makovsky shiga cikin Wanderers a 1972, shekaru biyu bayan da samuwar, da kuma ya kasance daya daga cikin mafi aiki mahalarta. Makovsky ta zanen dadin babban hankali a ko'ina cikin heyday wannan art motsi.

biography

Ya kasance daya daga 'ya'yansa uku Egora Ivanovicha Makovskogo - fice m adadi a Moscow, tara, daya daga cikin wadanda suka kafa shahara Moscow School of zanen, sassaka da Architecture. Duka 'yan'uwa - Constantine da kuma Nicholas - kazalika da yar'uwar Alexander zama painters, da kuma sauran' yar'uwarsa - Maria - wani mawaki. Kamar yadda wani yaro, daya daga cikin malaman ya shahara Vladimir Vasily Tropinin.

A farkon zane-zane Makovsky, suka fara da Genre scenes "yaro sayar da kvas" (1861), rubuta a shekaru 15, ya nuna ma'abbũta a kiyaye rayuwar kewaye da shi events kuma a canja wurin su zuwa zane. A 1861 ya shiga MUZHVZ - makaranta, daya daga cikin wadanda suka kafa wanda ya mahaifinsa. Ya kammala karatunsa tare da wata lambar azurfa, sanya ga zanen "Literary karatu" (1865).

Mutane da yawa zane-zane Makovsky ya zama turakun a cikin m da kuma sana'a ci gaba. Domin da zanen "baƙauye boys tsare dawakai" (1869), ya samu title of "aji artist na farko digiri," da kuma na "Lovers of nightingales" (1973) da aka ciyar da su da Academy of zanen.

A yawa na lokaci sun shagaltar da a cikin rayuwa na master koyarwa ayyukan. 12 shekaru da ya sanar da a MUZHVZ - daga 1882 zuwa 1894, da kuma wani 24 na shekara - a St. Petersburg Academy of Arts, zama a 1895 da rector na Higher School of Art a Academy of Arts.

Famous artist mutu a watan Fabrairu 1920, a Petrograd.

"Playing Labari Kaka" (1870)

The artist aure da wuri, da kuma a 1869 ya zama na farko da dansa, wanda daga baya ya zama ma an artist - Alexander Makovsky. Vladimir E., wanda hotuna riga ya jinsin Genre akidar, tun lokacin mai yawa da hankali ga yara ta theme. Daga cikin wadanda saki ya zane-zane zanen, wanda aka farko sayi ta shahara tara Pavlom Mihaylovichem Tretyakovym. Shi ya zama wata alama ce ga Makovsky karshe fitarwa kamar yadda mai zane.

Baƙauye yara wasa a cikin mafi m wasan a gare su. Yana amfani da kaka - da kananan kasusuwa na kwarangwal dabbobi - shanu ko aladu. Wannan gasar a daidaito: wadanda duwatsu, wanda ya samu na musamman jam (kaka, mai nauyi tare da gubar), fada ganima ga player.

... Yanzu babban abu a gare su - a wasan da aka azurta su da da duk so. Daya Sitting, maida hankali samar kirga, da sauran a hankali jiran na gaba jħfa. Makovsky, wanda zane-zane da suke da daraja meticulousness a gidan cikakkun bayanai, m da m nuances. All wasan yana da irin halin, halinsa. Janar - m mutumci da kuma kyakkyawan fata, ko indestructible rigunan talauci da dilapidated kewaye yankin.

Farkon zane-zane Makovsky bambanta wuce kima da hankali ga daki-daki, wani lokacin ya hana a cikakke ji. A nan gaba, da zane-zane ta goga daukan mai yawa da 'yanci, da kuma palette zai zama mafi m, ta haka ne guje wasu variegation muhimmi, musamman, mun yi nazarin hoton.

"Lovers of Nightingales" (1873)

Wannan zanen wakilci Rasha art a Duniya Nunin a Vienna, inda ya aka bayar mai yawa da hankali daga masu sauraro.

A waje da taga da aka ji da Nightingale warble, kuma uku suka ji manoma, zumunta da nemudrenyh idi. Daya, da yake tsaye, suka tsaya, suna ta kallo ta taga, kokarin bincika fitar da kananan Birdie. Na biyu, a fili sha mafi daga cikin buddies, shanyewar jiki dabino kirga lilt Nightingale song. Na uku, mafi gwaji, sauraron thoughtfully plucking gemu. A nan, duk abin da yake cike da rai da kuma sauti: hasken da taga, shirya kai da gestures na haruffa, mai zafi tukunya-bellied samovar, wani sauki amma "m" fentin har yanzu rayuwa.

Known review game da wannan hoton na mai Dostoevsky, ya yaba da fita hoto na da kyau da kuma hankalin da kowa mutum, wanda ya ba kawai Rasha, amma kuma mutum sikelin.

"An la'anci" (1879)

A hankali, da artist batutuwa rasa farkon zane-zane muhimmi ci mutumci da kuma m hali zuwa haruffa. Yadudduka saya da wasan kwaikwayo da kuma shubuha. Waɗannan su ne 'yan zaɓuɓɓuka saboda wani zanen da suke nuna commoners suka riƙi da hanyar neman sauyi gwagwarmaya, da kuma hali zuwa wannan Figures wakilan daban-daban strata na Rasha mutane.

Wani saurayi da m rakiya kawar daga kotu. A mafita zata dangi, ciki har da mahaifiyarsa, mahaifinsa, wata yarinya da wani mazan mutum. A fili, da protagonist na asalin da manoma ko birane matalauta. Da amarya da kuma mahaifinta ne mafi m aji. A artist bai nuna bayyana ƙauna ga nuna, ba a bayyane juyayi ga shi da sauransu. Ya kawo kusa da daya wahala - uwar clasped hannun ta imploringly, wasiyya da ɗansa, uban yana kuka inconsolably.

Kuma ba ya duba neman sauyi inflexible gwarzo shahidi ga mutane. A ra'ayinsa - perplexity da kuma rashin tabbaci a cikin correctness. Makovsky, wanda zane-zane - m gani na rinjaye halaye a cikin al'umma, ya nuna canji a dangane da hanyoyin da gwagwarmaya da rayayyen tsari, to wanda koma m jam'iyyun da kuma ƙungiyoyi da kama da "Narodnaya Volya".

"Rendezvous" (1883)

Yara - wani topic a kan wanda ya yi aiki sau da yawa Makovsky. Vladimir E., wanda da farko hoto - a gani na childlike, admiring farkon wani sabon rayuwa a nan gaba ya yi maganar daban-daban, sau da yawa ban mamaki yara bangarorin cikin zamani Rasha.

"A duniya" da shi da aka yi don ba da 'ya'ya a matalautan iyalai. The yaro sau da yawa zama m bawa ko almajiri lodi overwork. Karbar daga rundunar 'yan kuɗi arziki da kuma tsara asalin {, yara gushe zama wani nauyi ga iyali, rasa wani iyali cosiness da kuma farkon maturing. Wannan hanya da aka musamman na kowa da kuma saba wa baƙauye iyalan da suka ba yaron a cikin sabis na gari.

Shi ne game da wani yaro ta rabo ya gaya Makovsky. Description of hoton iya daukar mai yawa pages, amma a kan zane kawai biyu haruffa. A baƙauye mace ta zo da wani dogon hanya tare da kadan kulli da kuma tsaya a hannunsa. Ta kawo ta dan Burodi ka faranta wa yaro. Mace da tausayi neman a m yaron, ado a cikin wani datti gaba-gaba - a fili, yana aiki a wasu shagon da samu 'yan mintuna na free lokacin wani taro tare da mahaifiyarta.

Zanen style of artist, ma, ya canza - babu wani cikakken hankali, kuma kõma cikakken bayani, hankalin da crushing image. Shadow launi ba mai magana da farin ciki yanzu-yanzu kwanan wata, kuma mai tsanani yanayi nuna bata yara.

"A cikin babban titi" (1886)

Makovsky ne sau da yawa ya bayyana cewa, zubar da artist ta kawai 'yan mintoci, saboda abin da kuka da lokacin don in faɗa muku abin da marubuci iya daukar shafuka da yawa. A 1880, da ubangidansa ya isa mafi girma fasaha a yin wadannan zane-zane, short labaru. Daya daga cikin wadannan kololuwa da kuma ma'adanin na zanen, da kuma abun ciki ne zanen "A cikin babban titi." A wannan lokacin, da zane-zanen V. E. Makovskogo dauke da kawai biyu haruffa, amma kuma su rashin in-zurfin bincike na zamantakewa da matsaloli na babban rabbai.

Kafin mu ne karamin labarin game da ban mamaki karaya a cikin rayuwar matasa iyali. Da alama cewa su zo daga wani kauye inda shirye rayuwa kamar iyayenku, a talakawa aiki da qawar da baƙauye hanyarsa ta rayuwa. Amma mijinta ya kõma, zuwa ga birnin aiki a kan wani sabon, "kyakkyawan" da kuma ban sha'awa rayuwa. Kuma bayan wasu lokaci matarsa kuwa ta zo ziyarci mijinta. Yanzu suna baki. Da ya gudanar ya jiƙa har da ruhu na gari - a hankali kallon bayyanar, a cikin hannun wani kananan akordiyon - a fili yake cewa ya na son mafi cikin birni rayuwa.

Ta shi ne quite matasa, amma ya riga ya san cewa shi zai iya sa ran a nan gaba, inda yake ganin cikakken kayi. Daga wannan Vladimir Makovsky da kuma numfasawa bakin ciki, shi ne wani nau'i ne na nuni da zaman wasan kwaikwayo na biyu matasa, da kuma nuna sikelin da kasa matsalar da lalata cikin saba hanya na rayuwa, wanda aka gina a kan ƙarni kuma yanzu ana halaka tare da ci gaban masana'antu da cibiyoyin.

al'adunmu

Vladimir E. Akwai gagarumin aikin da'a da kuma m fecundity. A sakamakon da shekaru masu yawa na aikin ya zama gaske kundin sani daga cikin mafi halayyar mamaki na Rasha rayuwa a nuna na karni. Ya jawabi batutuwa masu girma dabam - daga yau da kullum scenes zuwa taro siyasa mataki - da kuma aiwatar da su tare da gaske m basira.

Masana tarihi m art rubutu cewa karshen rayuwa V. Makovsky ya zama mai taimako ga mafi ra'ayin mazan jiya ra'ayoyi a kan ci gaban zanen, wani mummunan hali ga search for sabbin jigogi da hanyar magana. Amma sikelin da wannan adadi a Rasha art daga wannan ba ya zama karami.