Territory kafin 1917: gwamna, yankin da kuma lardin na Rasha Empire

Da rabo daga cikin kasar cikin hõrarriya yankuna ko da yaushe ya kasance daya daga cikin tushe na Rasha jihar tsarin. Iyakoki a cikin ƙasa canza a kai a kai, ko a cikin 21st karni, batun administrative sake fasalin. Kuma a kan mataki na Moscow mulkin da Rasha Empire, wannan ya faru da yawa fiye da sau da yawa saboda da Accession na sabon asashe, da canji na siyasa ikon ko shakka.

Da rabo daga cikin kasar a cikin 15-17 karnoni

A mataki na Moscow Jihar asali yankin administrative raka'a sun kananan hukumomi. Suna located a cikin iyakokin na da zarar m mulkoki da mulki ta hanyar sarki dasa gwamnonin. Abin lura shi ne cewa a cikin Turai bangare na kasar manyan birane (Tver, Vladimir, Rostov, Nizhny Novgorod da sauransu.) Ashe, m administratively da kuma yankunan da County da aka ba hada da, ko da yake yana da manya. A 21st karni, a irin wannan halin da ake ciki shi ne Moscow, wanda shi ne cibiyar ta yankin a zahiri shine amma de jure shi ne a birnin tarayya muhimmanci, watau mai raba yankin.

Kowane County, bi da bi, ya kasu kashi alƙaryu - yankunan tsakiyar wanda wani babban kauye ko karamin gari da makwabtaka asashe. Har ila yau, a arewacin ƙasar ya gana da rabo a cikin sansanonin, makabartun, kauye ko kauyuka a daban-daban haduwa.

The a haɗe iyaka ko yankinsu a kwanan nan ya kananan hukumomi. Alal misali, cikin ƙasar Onega Lake zuwa arewacin Ural Mountains da kuma saukar zuwa tekun na Arctic Ocean aka kira Pomerania. A Hagu-banki Ukraine, wanda ya zama wani ɓangare na Moscow mulki a cikin marigayi 16th karni, saboda da matsayi a matsayin "firgita ƙasar", da kuma na sauran yawan jama'a (Cossacks) ya kasu kashi regiments - Kyiv, Poltava, Chernihiv da sauransu.

A general, da rabo daga cikin Moscow Jihar aka sosai m amma a yarda a ci gaba da ka'idodi a kan wanda gwamnatin yankuna a cikin wadannan ƙarni. Kuma mafi muhimmanci daga cikinsu - daya-mutumin management.

Da rabo daga cikin kasar a cikin 18th karni

A cewar masana tarihi, da kafa da administrative rabo daga cikin kasar da ya faru a dama, saukarwa, da gyare-gyare na wanda babban faru a cikin 18th karni. Lardin na Rasha daular fito bayan umurnin Bitrus I a 1708, da kuma a farko akwai kawai 8 - Moscow, St. Petersburg, Smolensk, Arkhangelsk, Kiev, Azov, Kazan kuma Siberia. A 'yan shekarun baya da suka kara Riga da Astrakhan lardin. Kowace daga cikinsu samu ba kawai cikin ƙasa, kuma Halĩfa (Gwamnan), amma kuma da kansa alama.

Ilimi yankuna sun yi yawa, kuma haka talauci gudanar. Saboda haka, da wadannan sauye-sauye da aka yi niyya su rage da kuma rabuwa na zama ƙarƙashin raka'a. Babban turakun wannan tsari:

1. Na biyu garambawul na Bitrus I na 1719, a cikin abin da lardin na Rasha Empire suka fara raba larduna da gundumomi. Daga bisani, da karshen da aka maye gurbinsu da kananan hukumomi.
2. A gyara daga 1727, domin ci gaba da aiwatar da unbundling yankuna. A cewar ta sakamakon, akwai 14 larduna da kuma 250 gundumomi.
3. Garambawul na farkon sarautar Catherine I. A lokacin 1764-1766 shekaru akwai wani samuwar kan iyaka da kuma m yankunan a lardin.
4. Catherine garambawul a 1775. Sa hannu ta Empress "Cibiyoyi ga management na larduna" alama mafi girma administrative da kuma yankin canje-canje a cikin tarihin kasar, wanda dade shekaru 10.

A karshen karni na kasar ya kasu kashi 38 gwamnoni, 3 larduna da yankuna da matsayi na musamman (Tauride). A cikin duk yankuna da aka kasaftawa 483 gundumar, wanda ya zama wani qananan yankin naúrar.

Vicariate da kuma lardin na Rasha Empire a cikin 18th karni, a takaice-rayu a cikin yarda da Catherine na iyakoki. Tsari administrative division ci gaba a cikin gaba karni.

Da rabo daga cikin kasar a cikin karni na 19th

Kalmar "lardi na Rasha Empire" da aka koma a lokacin Paul na da gyara, da sanya wani ƙoƙari mara nasara don rage yawan yankuna daga 51 zuwa 42. Amma mafi yawan su za'ayi gyara aikinsa, da aka daga baya juyawa.

A cikin karni na 19th, administrative-yankin rabo daga cikin tsari mayar da hankali a kan samuwar yankuna a cikin Asian bangare na kasar da kuma na a haɗe yankuna. Daga cikin mutane da yawa canje-canje zama dole a ambaci wadannan:

• Lokacin da Alexander I a 1803 ya bayyana a Tomsk, kuma Yenisei lardin, da kuma Kamchatka Territory da aka raba kashe daga Irkutsk ƙasar. A daidai wannan lokacin da aka kafa Grand Duchy na Finland, Poland, Kingdom, Ternopolskaya, Bessarabskaya da Bialystok lardin.
• A 1822 da Siberian ƙasashe suka rabu 2 gwamnan-janar - yamma da tsakiyar Omsk da Gabas, wadda ya babban birnin kasar na Irkutsk.
• Zuwa ga tsakiyar karni na 19th a cikin garwaya ƙasashe na Caucasus aka halicce Tiflis, Shamakhi (daga baya Baku), Dagestan, Erivan, Terek, Batumi da Kutaisi lardin. A wannan yanki na da Kuban Cossack Army fito a cikin unguwa da ƙasashen na zamani Dagestan.
• Maritime yankin da aka kafa a 1856 daga landlocked yankunan da Gabas Siberian gwamnan-janar. Ba da da ewa, ta ware fitar da Amur Region, wanda ya karbi hagu kogin na da wannan sunan, da kuma a 1884 samu matsayi na Sakhalin Island Special Department of Primorye.
• Duniya Central Asia da kuma Kazakhstan da aka kara a 1860-1870-ies. A sakamakon ƙasa da aka shirya a yankin - Akmola, Semipalatinsk, Uralsk, Turkestan, da Transcaspian da sauransu.

A cikin yankuna na Turai bangare na kasar ya kuma kasance mai yawa canje-canje - iyakoki sau da yawa canza, sake rabawa ƙasar, renaming faru. A lokacin da baƙauye gyara kananan hukumomi a lardin na Rasha Empire a cikin karni na 19th shi ya kasu kashi alƙaryõyi sabõda wani sauƙi daga rarraba da lissafin kudi na ƙasar.

Da rabo daga cikin kasar a cikin karni na 20th

A karshe shekaru 17 na zama na Rasha Empire a cikin administrative-yankin rabo ya faru ne kawai biyu muhimmanci canje-canje:

• Sakhalin yankin, ciki har da eponymous tsibirin da kewaye kananan tsibiran da archipelagos aka kafa.
• A cikin annexed ƙasashen kudancin Siberia (na zamani Jamhuriyar Tuva) Uryankhai ƙasa da aka halitta.

Lardin na Rasha Empire riƙe su da iyaka da kuma sunayen for 6 shekaru bayan rushewar kasar, cewa shi ne, har sai 1923, lokacin da na farko gyare-gyare na karba-karba ya fara a cikin tarayyar Soviet.