Karkasa jihar

Karkasa jihar - wannan shi ne kan abin da na kula da tsarin dogara ne a kan manufa da karkashi dukkan } ananan hukumomi guda tsakiya, sarrafa da duka tsarin da kuma bunkasa shi.

A wannan jiha ƙasar (yanki, administrative ofisoshin, da dai sauransu) an hadedde siyasa da kuma tattalin arziki da janar dokar guda kasuwar kusa da wani karfi gwamnatin tsakiya. Cikinsa da mataki na m ƙasar Abubakar kafa Unlimited a form absolutism daular mulkinsu (autocracy).

A Rasha, da Karkasa jihar da aka halitta a cikin marigayi 15th karni karkashin Ivan III. Its main birni ya Moscow. Gamawa na karkashin shugabancin tsakiya matakai faru a lokacin farko Romanovs, kammala a cikin farkon 18th karni tabbatarwa daga absolutism karkashin Peter I.

Wannan siyasa-yankin kungiyar na jiha dogara ne a kan ƙungiyar ta yankuna a cikin larduna, gundumomi, yankuna da suke da mun gwada iyakance cin gashin. Jihar tana da guda dokar, kowa dan kasa, da tsarin na jihar ikon da gwamnati, shari'a da kuma haraji tsarin, kasafin kudin , da dai sauransu

Karkasa jihar wanzu a cikin wani yawan haƙiƙa dalilai. Na farko shi ne hadin kan kasa ne kafin domin samuwar irin wannan nau'i na ƙasar bunqasar da mutane inhabiting su. A jihar haka ya nuna cikin bukatun da al'umma a matsayin siyasa al'umma maimakon mutum yankin, zamantakewa ko kabilanci. Saboda karfi cibiyar na faruwa zamantakewa cohesion, wanda ba zai yiwu ba a baya saboda da kishi na memba cikin nobility, wanda aka fada domin iko.

Ware wadannan muhimman siffofin da wani Karkasa jihar.

Centralizing factor shi ne bukatar kafa uniform jikuna na jihar iko. Don daidaita dokokin general kuma don samar da jama'a tare da hadade jama'a sabis iya kawai, gwamnatin tsakiya. Its zama ba mutane da yiwuwar free hijirarsa daga daya yankin zuwa wani.

An muhimmanci amfani da wannan nau'in na jihar ne zamantakewa daidaici na duk al'ummarta. A cikin mahallin da mutum gefe decentralism administrative da cibiyoyin siyasa da su ne bisa kawai a kan kansa ƙarfi. Don gyara rashin daidaito na bukatar da gwamnatin tsakiya, wanda yana da fadi da iko fiye da yankuna da suke da ƙananan tattalin arziki da kuma wanda suke saboda wannan mafi m zamantakewa matsaloli da kuma bukatun.

karkashin shugabancin tsakiya matakai faruwa ne a layi daya da tattalin arziki tabbatarwa daga jihar. A guda iko cibiyar ne iya samar da wani barga ci gaban tattalin arziki da kuma halittar kayayyakin more rayuwa (sadarwar tsarin).

The yawan jihohi da dama da miliyoyin mutane. Saboda haka a yanzu sun sarrafa bazai tasiri kamar yadda a lokacin da farkon raya ci gaban tarihi. A dalilan da wannan ƙarya a cikin hatsarori da ba komai haqqinsa hargitsi. Saboda haka yanzu da matakai na karkashin shugabancin tsakiya a da yawa tsoro na duniya suna fara baya motsi - zuwa decentralization.

A centralized jihar ne halin da cikakken rashin gida cin gashin, saboda gida gwamnatin ayyuka suna yi da kaddamarda saman ma'aikata (bureaucrats). Saboda haka, a wannan matsayi a fili gano iko siyasa Properties. The mafi girma mataki na centralism lura a kasashen inda a can ne a tsaye tsarin controls. Yau, a cikin tsarki tsari ne kawai a yanayin da irin wannan soja gwamnatocin za a iya gani tsarin.