Tarihi na thermometers. Nau'in na zamani kida domin aunawa da zazzabi

Mutane bukatar aunawa da yawan zafin jiki na jiki jikin da ruwaye daga farkon na cin gaban wani m al'umma. A tarihin na ma'aunin zafi da sanyio fara dama shekara ɗari da suka wuce. Bari mu gano abin kasance na farko da na'urorin na wannan manufa? Wa tsara ma'aunin zafi da sanyio sikelin? Lokacin da aka kirkiro na farko ma'aunin zafi da sanyio?

A farko ma'aunin zafi da sanyio

A m na zamani ma'aunin zafi da sanyio tsaye wajen m kayan da aka sani da termobaroskop. History of halittar wannan category na thermometers kawo mu koma ga m 1597. Sai a wannan lokaci ya gwajen da nufin ci gaban da na'urorin ga aunawa da yawan zafin jiki na ruwa, ta gudanar da wani sanannen masanin kimiyya Galileo Galilei.

Origin ma'aunin zafi da sanyio ya ba fiye da tsarin nuna bakin ciki gilashi tube da kananan ball, a cikin tsakiyar soldered. A lokacin ma'aunai termobaroskopa ƙananan rabo aka hõre dumama. A bututu da ake sa'an nan sanya shi a cikin ruwa. Bayan 'yan mintuna a cikin iska sanyaya zane, sakamakon wani rage matsin lamba da kuma kawar da na ball.

Abin baƙin ciki, masana kimiyya sun ba su iya kammala kayan aiki. Ya taba samu a m aikace-aikace. Babu wani ma'aunin zafi da sanyio sikelin. Saboda haka, tare da na'urar ba shi yiwuwa sanin lamba sigogi na zafin jiki na kewaye da sarari ko taya. Abinda ya juya a kira su da wani m ma'aunin zafi da sanyio - Definition na dumama da wani abu.

Kara ci gaba da na Galileo termobaroskopa

A tarihin na ma'aunin zafi da sanyio bai ƙare a kan wani banza yunkurin fito da wani m kayan aiki na Galileo. A 1657, shekaru 60 bayan da farko fitina da kuma kuskure da ya kirkiro, aikinsa aka ci gaba da wani rukuni na masana kimiyya daga Florence. Da suka gudanar ya kawar da babban rashin termobaroskopa, musamman, don gabatar da kayan aiki sikelin amintaccen ingancin. Haka kuma, masana kimiyya da Florentine injin a wani shãfe haske gilashi tube, wanda shafe ta da dogaro na ji sakamakon daga yanayi matsa lamba.

Daga baya a kan, wannan na'urar da aka kammala. Ruwa yana maye gurbinsu da ruwan inabi da barasa. Kamar wancan termobaroskop shi fara aiki a kan manufa da ruwa fadada karkashin sãɓãwar launukansa zazzabi yanayi Manuniya.

ma'aunin zafi da sanyio Santorio

A 1626, da Italiyanci kimiyyar da sunan Santorio na PADUA, wanda ya yi aiki a matsayin wani farfesa a gida jami'a, Ya halitta nasa version na ma'aunin zafi da sanyio. Tare da shi yiwuwa a gwada jikin mutum zazzabi. Duk da haka, da inji bai samu m aikace-aikace saboda shi ya kasance musamman amfani da tsauraran matakan. The na'urar yana da ban sha'awa girma haka da cewa ji shi ya jimre a cikin yadi.

Mene ne ma'aunin zafi da sanyio Santorio? Da na'urar da aka sanya a cikin wani nau'i na Sphere, haɗa a Tuddan, da elongated tube. A surface, da karshen dauke da sikelin tazara. The free ƙarshen tube da aka cika da wani ruwa kayan dauke da fenti. Lokacin da ajiye da tube a cikin tsanani abu da aka rina ciki yanayi ya kai wani musamman darajar a kan sikelin.

Da sabuwar dabara ne guda ji sikelin

A tarihin na ma'aunin zafi da sanyio ya hada da ba wai kawai ƙoƙarin samar da wani tasiri zane na wani ma'aunin zafi da sanyio, amma kuma aiki a kan halittar wani haƙiƙa ji sikelin. Daya daga cikin mafi nasara gwaje-gwajen a cikin wannan filin gaza Jamus likita Gabriel Fahrenheit. Shi ne ya yi a 1723 yanke shawarar maye gurbin barasa a cikin kwan fitila thermometers da Mercury cewa lokaci.

Sikelin da masanin kimiyyar da aka dogara ne a kan gaban uku reference maki:

• dace da sifilin farko ba nuna alama ruwa zazzabi.
• batu na biyu a kan sikelin gana 32 digiri.
• na uku - daidai wa tafasar batu na ruwa.

A karshe, inganta sikelin ma'aunin zafi da sanyio Swedish likita, meteorologist da falakin Anders Tselsy. A 1742, a lokacin da gwaje-gwajen, da ya yanke shawarar raba kan sikelin da ma'aunin zafi da sanyio 100 daidai jinkiri. A saman adadi yayi dace da yawan zafin jiki na dab kankara, da kuma kasa - tafasar batu na ruwa. Celsius sikelin da ake amfani a thermometers zuwa wannan rana. Yau, duk da haka, an saita a cikin aunawa kayan juye. Saboda haka, babba bangaren 100 a yanzu yayi dace ^game da tafasar batu na ruwa, da kuma kasa da aka dauka a matsayin ⁰ °.

A tsakiyar karni na 19th, ta version na aunawa sikelin samarwa Birtaniya likita Uilyam Tomson, wanda aka fi sani da masu sauraro a matsayin Ubangiji Kelvin. Masomin ma'aunai ya zaba zafin jiki, wanda ya daidaita -273 ^C. Wannan nuna alama gusar da wani motsi a cikin kwayoyin na jiki abubuwa. Duk da haka, na'urorin dogara ne a kan irin wannan sikelin da aka amfani da kawai a cikin kimiyya al'umma.

Iri na'urorin da thermometers zamani samfurin

A sauki irin ma'aunin zafi da sanyio ne talakawa gilashi ma'aunin zafi da sanyio, wanda yanzu da akwai a cikin kowane gida. Duk da haka, irin wannan na'urorin aka hankali matafã ba a cikin gabata. Tun da cika na'urar flask mai guba Mercury ba sosai lafiya mafita ga gida amfani.

A halin yanzu, a matsayin madadin su Mercury thermometers hankali ya fara amfani da dijital da na'urorin. Recent amfanin ji na yanayi zazzabi da aiki na saka lantarki Na'urar haska.

Game da latest qirqire, su ne infrared thermometers kuma yarwa termopoloski. Duk da haka, irin wannan na'urorin ya ba su samu m aikace-aikace.

a ƙarshe

Saboda haka muka samu daga wanda ya ƙirƙira ma'aunin zafi da sanyio, abin da iri da na'urorin a cikin wannan category suna samuwa ga masu amfani a yau. A karshe ina son a lura da cewa daga cikin manufa na'urar ne na musamman muhimmancin ga zamani mutum. Ma'aunin zafi da sanyio ba kawai ya sa ya yiwu da sauri sanin yanayin jiki, amma kuma ba ka damar sanin yadda dumi ko sanyi shi ne a waje. Ma'aunin zafi da sanyio saka a cikin tanda, taimaka wajen kula da ganiya zafin jiki na dafa jita-jita, da kuma irin wannan na'ura a cikin firiji - Control ingancin abinci ajiya.