Soja mukamansu Rasha: Tarihi da kuma wayewar

Kalmar "soja daraja" na nufin matsayin cewa zauna da sojoji a rundunar da kuma sojojin ruwa da sauran sojoji. Wani suna ɗauka cewa ta bãyar da wasu hakkoki da abubuwan da nauyi, wanda ake dokokin da soja dokokin.

Soja darajõji bayyana, ya bace, sun samo asali tare da ci gaban da jihar da kuma al'umma. By karatu da tarihi, za ka iya koya da yawa game da ci gaban da sojojin na wani State.

A farko suna bayyana a Rasha da baya a XII-XIII ƙarni., Ko da yake soja suka za a iya kira a mike. Mafi sau da yawa, da suka kaddamarda wani administrative matsayi. Ƙarƙashin rinjayar da Tatar-mangolawa a Rasha akwai irin wannan soja da darajõji a matsayin desyatsky, constables, tysyatsky, amma su zama ba a cikin dukkan mulkoki da kaddamarda wani sarki a kan wannan ko da yawan mutane. Af, amma daga baya sun zama nasara isa ya yi amfani da wannan Cossacks.

A farko da gaske Rasha soja da darajõji za a iya gano 1647, lokacin da Alexis aka soma da kasar farko soja dokokin. Wannan dokar zama dole domin ta wannan lokaci, tare da gargajiya rundunar taba rawa a kasar ta kare fara yi wasa da maharba da kuma abin da ake kira "shiryayye daga cikin sabon tsarin." All soja da darajõji a kan Yarjejeniya da aka raba biyu Categories - talakawa da kofur, wanda a ainihin kama yau sanda. Ga mu kunshe riga amfani da wannan lokaci da take da Kanar, polupolkovnik, Lieutenant. A karshen XVII karni a Rasha sojojin fara amfani da lakabi na Birgediya Janar kuma, a cikin layi daya da polupolkovnikom fara aiwatar da mafi saba muna matsayi - Laftanar Kanar.

An muhimmiyar rawa a cikin aiwatar da umurnin da soja da darajõji a Rasha sojojin taka leda da gabatarwar a 1722 da Bitrus da Table of Ranks. A cewar wannan daftarin aiki ya gabatar da wata hujja jerin sunayen sarauta, daure su takamaiman jobs. Ya kamata a lura da cewa a cikin Table hada kawai soja darajõji, faro ne jami'in, da ƙananan darajõji aka kayyade ta dace da dokokina.

An muhimmanci alama na Rasha sojojin cewa samu a cikin Guards suna dauke da biyu notches fi da cewa samu a al'ada soja raka'a. Wannan halin da ake ciki rinjaye har 1884, lokacin da duk Rasha soja da darajõji aka daidaita a halin da suke ciki.

Har ila yau, a cikin 'yan gatan sun Gunners, da suna wanda aka dauke daya mataki har zuwa 1884 fiye da a al'ada gidajen abinci. Wannan ya hade tare da ƙara da bukatun da tambaya zuwa ga matakin na ilimi wadanda suka yi aiki a wadannan sojojin.

Soja darajõji daga Tarayyar Soviet a farkon shekarun bayan da Oktoba juyin juya halin sun hade da umurnin matsayi da ake kira "sabis Categories": da birged kwamandan, kwamandan, rundujar soja masu dawaki kwamandan, kungiyar soja kwamandan. Kawai a shekarar 1935, sojoji sunã sahu guda, tare da waɗansu 'yan ƙalilan, an mayar a cikin nau'i a cikin abin da suka kasance sunã yi a Czarist Rasha. Duk da haka, wasu daga cikinsu suka fara sauti a wani daban-daban hanya: misali, maimakon Field Marshal da mafi soja daraja na kasar ya zama wani Marshal na Tarayyar Soviet.

Kafin barkewar yaki tare da Jamus a 1940, duk da umurnin posts karshe aka maye gurbinsu da generals da admiral daraja, wanda ya kamata ya alamar miƙa mulki na Soviet sojojin zuwa wani sabon matakin.

Soja sahu na Tarayyar Soviet a lokacin Great Patriotic War halartar qananan canje-canje: a cikin Guard raka'a fara da za a yi amfani da "Guard" prefix sun shugabanni da kuma shugabanni da babban daban-daban -daban na dakarun (sulke, manyan bindigogi, jiragen sama). Bugu da kari, a shekarar 1945 akwai wani sabon mafi girma ga daraja - Generalissimo na Tarayyar Soviet, wanda aka bai wa Stalin.

Soja darajõji daga cikin Tarayyar Soviet ya zama tushen ga lakabi a cikin zamani Rasha sojojin. A lokaci guda, a sakamakon karshen a wannan lokacin na soja garambawul da aka shafe darajõji, kuma tushe sanda. The title na biyu leftana, ko da yake akwai aka kusan babu rababbe.