Ta yaya wani kudan zuma. A tsarin da kudan zuma jiki

Kowane mutum, a akalla sau daya a lokacin da kana waje ko a cikin lambu a kan dumi rani rana, dole ne sun ji m businesslike kugi a cikin furanni da kuma shuke-shuke. Wannan yana nufin cewa wani wuri kusa da kananan kwari wuya ma'aikacin zuma - ƙudan zuma. A tsarin da ta jiki da kuma topic na mu na yau abu.

Rarrabuwa da kuma amfanin da

Bisa ga yarda rarrabuwa na wannan kwaro nasa ne da arthropod irin detachment na Hymenoptera. Nan da nan iyali - wasps da kuma tururuwa. Mazauninsu - filin gefuna, gonaki, fadamun. Don kwanan wata, godiya ga aikin da mutane, ga ƙudan zuma yada a ko'ina cikin duniya. Kamawa up a kan su namo, wani mutum ya karbi m kayayyakin. Kuma ba haka ba ne kawai zuma, amma kuma sauran kayayyakin: pollen, sarauta jelly, propolis, beeswax. Dukan su ne na musamman darajar da aka yi amfani da ko'ina a cikin jama'a da kuma maganin gargajiya. Yanzu kimiyya da sani fiye dubu 20 jinsunan kwari. Daya daga cikin na kowa - kudan zuma.

Janar halaye

A jikin tsawon na ma'aikacin ƙudan zuma, da waɗanda ba za mu iya gani a yanayi - up to 16 millimeters. Suna zaune ba ga tsawo - har zuwa watanni biyu. A jikin tsawon da kudan zuma mahaifa ne 22 santimita. Zaune mahaifa har zuwa shekaru 7! Mene ne tsarin da kudan zuma? Yawancin mu same ta shaggy maraƙi, kewaye da rawaya da baki ratsi. A waje tsarin da ƙudan zuma na kowane irin, ciki har da zuma, da wasu na kowa siffofin, wanda muka bayyana a more daki-daki. Mene ne halayyar fasali na jikin ta?

kwarangwal

A tsarin da jiki ƙudan zuma, kamar duk kwari, ta fara da exoskeleton. Wannan shi ne, wajen magana, a kudan zuma a waje na wani fata, wuya da kuma quite wuya shirya. Kwarangwal hidima ga abin da aka makala na kayan ciki da tsoka goyon baya da kuma kare ciki daga m waje tasiri naushe. Wajen jiki da aka rufe da daban-daban dankon. Sun bambanta duka biyu a siffar da kuma manufa. Mutane da yawa na su a matsayin masu azanci shine gabobin. Wasu suna amfani da tsaftacewa. Bugu da ari kudan zuma jiki tsarin ne halin da gaban da dama sassa alaka movably. Shin kai, kirji da ciki.

shugaban

Yana kyawawan wuya akwatin. Ya ƙunshi ji gabobin da juyayi tsarin na kwari. Located a kan kansa da kuma idanu. Suna da ƙudan zuma da yawa kamar yadda biyar. Biyu convex, hadaddun, faceted, wanda suke a tarnaƙi na kai, a kan bangarorin biyu. Sun kunshi, kamar na mutane da yawa kananan ramuka. A sauki idanu (lamba - uku) an sanya a saman da kai. Su Bee, bisa ga lura da masana kimiyya, ba ya ganin sosai. Yana iya kawai rarrabe shaci na abubuwa. Amma har yanzu ya zama tilas ga mafi fuskantarwa a yankin, a lokacin da kudan zuma kwari.

A tsarin da shugaban ya ci gaba da biyu daga antennae. Kowace daga cikinsu ta kunshi segments da flagella. A cikin aiki ƙudan zuma ne 11 segments a cikin tendrils, wanda damar da shi ya motsa a cikin daban-daban kwatance wajen yardar kaina. Ga an sanya tactile gabobin, wanda yana amfani da kudan zuma.

A tsarin da shugabannin ma'aikacin ƙudan zuma ne daban-daban daga cikin tsarin da ya zauna cikin mahaifa, ko da drone na shugaban. Saboda haka, a karshe zagaye-dimbin yawa shugaban, yayin da aiki - m triangular.

A cikin ƙananan ɓangare na shugaban ne bakin da babba lebe, kazalika da chitin babba muƙamuƙi tare da m tsokoki. Tare da wadannan na'urorin ga kudan zuma iya zahiri gani ta hanyar itace ko saƙar zuma kwace mote to sa daga hive kudan zuma ciji wani. A baya gefen da na baka rami an sanya ƙananan muƙamuƙi da ƙananan lebe kafa wani hadadden na'urar - proboscis. Centered a kusa da harshe, sai suka samar da wani jiki wanda tsotsa da kudan zuma abinci: zuma, Nectar, ruwa. Proboscis - mai da muhimmanci sosai sashin jiki na kudan zuma. Tare da ya tattara saukad da kwari Nectar. A Rasha ƙudan zuma da cewa jiki shi ne tsayin 5 zuwa 7 mm. Mai dlinnohobotnaya - Caucasian kudan zuma. Fasali ta proboscis ne guda a matsayin cewa na tsakiya amma tsawon shi ne fiye da 7 millimeters. Wannan al'amari da aka nasaba da peculiarities na shuke-shuke girma a cikin Caucasus.

ƙirjinka

A tsarin da kudan zuma ci gaba da kirji, wanda aka haɗa tare da shugaban da zobe-film na chitin. A sakamakon wannan connection, shi iya motsa a daban-daban kwatance, wanda yana da muhimmanci ga m aiki a kan furanni da kuma beehives. Thoracic cover chitin kwarangwal hada da hudu zobba m hanya juna. Daga wadannan zobba tashi kwari kafafu, webbed fuka-fuki an gina a nan, wanda, ba zato ba tsammani, su ne mafi m jiki na kudan zuma. A cewar masana harkokin kimiyya, babban hanyar mutuwa da wuya-aiki kwari - suka sa. A cikin thoracic yankin, da kuma posted karfi tsokoki cewa sa da motsi na da fuka-fuki.

ciki

A ciki, a karkashin karfi makamai, da kwarangwal na chitin, ne babban kayan ciki na ƙudan zuma: zuciya, hanjinsu, na numfashi da kuma excretory, haihuwa gabobin. A ciki kunshi shida ko bakwai zobba. A karshen siffofin da tsuliya tsuliya zobe. Kowane sashi na gaban baki kara bayan gefen baya daya. Tare da suke shiga chitin film, bakin ciki da kuma supple. A sakamakon haka, ciki zai iya zama m da kuma karuwa ko karu a girma. Located a kan ciki da kuma gland secreting kakin zuma. A karshen ciki ne wani kwari da kariya dalĩli - da harba.

Ƙafafunsa: tsarin fasali

Kudan zuma, da yawa kwari da uku nau'i-nau'i daga kafafu, wanda ya kunshi segments da kuma suke da matukar mobile. Su za a iya juya su a cikin daban-daban kwatance, attaching zuwa wani sashi na-coxa. Kowane reshe terminates kambori. Kafafu kwaro nufi da yafi ga tafiya, jiki support, amma suna kuma ƙarin ayyuka: tsaftacewa da antennae da kuma jiki, misali. Lokacin da tafiya kudan (tare da girmamawa ga rabbai na jikin ta) zai iya ci gaba babban iko. Masana kimiyya sun} iyasta cewa wannan kwaro ne iya jawo kaya zuwa 20 sau da kansa nauyi.

Tsaftacewa da m hairs a jiki daga cikin kudan zuma ne mai muhimmanci. Bayan duk, akwai azanci shine gabobin alhakin harshen damo toiler a jirgin da kuma tattara Nectar. Data tsarkakewa gabobin, da kudan zuma samun ƙarin bayani. Kuma ta aikata haka tare da taimakon mobile jointed kafafu da za a iya isa zuwa cikin gurbata sites.