Upper muƙamuƙi: tsarin, aikin da zai yiwu lalacewa

Proper tsarin da kuma physiological damar dukkan gabobin da kyallen takarda daga cikin mutum fuska aka ƙaddara ba kawai kiwon lafiya amma kuma bayyanar. Abin da sabawa iya zama a cikin ci gaban da babba muƙamuƙi, kuma shi ne alhakin abin da wannan ikon?

Musamman ma a cikin tsarin da babba muƙamuƙi

A babba muƙamuƙi - kashi na tururi, wanda ya ƙunshi jiki da kuma hudu tafiyar matakai. Sarrafa a cikin sama gaba, na daga cikin kwanyar fuska, da kuma gudanar da shi zuwa ga pneumatic kasũsuwa, ashe, saboda gaskiyar cewa yana da wani rami, liyi tare da mucosa.

Wadannan matakai na babba muƙamuƙi, wanda ta samo sunanta ne daga wuri:

• frontal tsari.
• zygomatic tsari.
• alveolar kashi.
• palatal kashi.

Avilable matakai

Har ila yau, da na sama muƙamuƙi jiki yana hudu saman: gaban, orbital, infratemporal da hanci.

Surface orbital triangular a cikin siffar, m ga tabawa da kuma dan kadan tilted gaba - suranta wani bango na sarari suKe (madawwama biyu).

A gaban farfajiya na muƙamuƙi jiki dan kadan lankwasa, shi ya buɗe kai tsaye zuwa ophthalmic bude a kasa wanda aka located da canine fossa.

Hanci surface a tsarinta - wani hadadden samuwar. Yana yana da maxillary kogon, wadda take kaiwa zuwa maxillary sinus.

Zygomatic aiwatar ma siffofin da babba muƙamuƙi sifa da aiki na wanda ya dogara a kan al'ada aiki na duk matakai da kuma saman.

Ayyuka da kuma rarrabe siffofin

Abin da matakai a cikin jiki da kuma kwanyar iya fararwa pathological canje-canje a cikin sifa da aiki na ƙasusuwansa ba?

A babba muƙamuƙi ne alhakin da dama matakai:

• Da hannu a cikin aikin daukan taban, gudamawar da kaya a kan hakora daga cikin manya muƙamuƙi.
• Kayyade da daidai sakawa na duk tafiyar matakai.
• Yana Forms wani kogo domin baki da kuma hanci, kuma su partitions.

pathological tafiyar matakai

A babba muƙamuƙi saboda da tsarin da kuma gaban sinus ne sauƙin su runtse, ta girma ne game da 5 cm ^3, saboda damar da cuta da kashi ƙaruwa.

Muƙamuƙi kanta da ake gyarawa da cewa kamfanin shigar tare da sauran ƙasusuwan ragargaje.

Daga cikin yiwu pathologic canje-canje musamman kowa ne karaya da muƙamuƙi (babba ko ƙaramin). Rauni warkaswa saman ne sauƙin fiye da ƙasũsuwan da ƙananan muƙamuƙi, domin shi ne, ta nagarta na tsarin da wuri, ba su motsa cewa accelerates farfadowa daga ta kashi.

Bugu da kari ga kowane irin samu karaya kuma dislocations, a lokacin jarrabawa da wani likitan hakori iya gane wani kewaya tsari, wani mafitsara da maxilla, wanda na bukatar tiyata don cire shi.

The jiki yana da wani babba muƙamuƙi da maxillary sinus, wanda a lokacin da ya kamata a bi hakora (kuma ba kawai) na iya zama inflamed kuma akwai sinusitis - wani pathological aiwatar muƙamuƙi.

Jini wadata. innervation

Perfusion maxillary muƙamuƙi ne saboda jijiya da kuma rassanta. Hakora alveolar kashi innervated da trigeminal jijiya, kuma mafi musamman - da maxillary reshe.

Lokacin da kumburi ko trigeminal fuska zafi na iya yada wa gaba daya lafiya hakora, wadda take kaiwa zuwa da ƙarya da lifiya ya auku da kuma wani lokacin har erroneous hakar mai hakori a kan babba muƙamuƙi.

Lokuta da ba daidai ba da lifiya mafi m, saboda sakaci ƙarin hanyoyi na jarrabawa da kuma dogaro kawai a kan kayadadden ji na haƙuri, likita kamar yadda haƙuri da kiwon lafiya da kasada, kazalika da ta bata masa suna.

Kadarorin hakora a kan babba muƙamuƙi

A babba muƙamuƙi yana da irin wannan m yawan hakora. A hakora daga cikin manya muƙamuƙi, ko kuma wajen asallanta, suna da bambance-bambance, wanda suke a cikin adadin da shugabanci.

Bisa kididdigar da, hikima hakora a maxilla shiga farko kuma mafi sau da yawa a gefen dama.

Tun da babba dadashin ne sosai thinner kasa, da kuma extractions na da peculiarities da kuma musamman Holding dabara. A saboda wannan dalili, Dental forceps for cire hakora a cikin sama muƙamuƙi, wanda yana da wani sunan - da bayoneti.

Idan ka share ba daidai tushen karaya iya faruwa saboda babba muƙamuƙi, wanda tsarin ba da damar a yi amfani da wani karfi yana bukatar ƙarin hanyoyi na ganewar asali kafin m hanyoyin. Mafi sau da yawa a irin wannan aikace-aikace ne da za'ayi X-ray jarrabawa - orthopantomography ko lissafta tomography na jiki na muƙamuƙi.

tiyata

Wanne bukatar kau da babba muƙamuƙi, da kuma yadda maido da aiki bayan tiyata?

Gabatar hanya a Dentistry ne da aka sani a matsayin maksillektomiya.

The alamomi ga tiyata ne:

• M marurai a cikin jiki na maxilla kuma ta appendages, kuma pathological nama overgrowth hanci, paranasal sinuses da bakinka.
• Yãfẽwa marurai iya, a ci gaba da raya kasa, da zama wani uzuri a cire jiki daga cikin manya muƙamuƙi.

maksillektomii hanya yana mai yawan contraindications:

• Total haƙuri ailments, m cututtuka, musamman cututtuka daga cikin manya muƙamuƙi a cikin m mataki da kuma a mataki na exacerbation.
• Lokacin da wani gagarumin rarraba pathological tsari a lokacin da aiki ba zai zama mai hukunci mataki da magani daga cuta, amma kawai nauyin da ciwon daji haƙuri.

Preoperative ciwon daji haƙuri ne na sosai na farko binciken da nufin gano wasu munanan a jikin haƙuri, kazalika da definition na sarrafawa da siffofin maruran.

Kafin bincike matakan yin cikakken tarihi, da nufin bayyanãwa da etiologic dalilai da kwayoyin predisposition.

Kafin wani m hanyoyin ma bukatar sha cikakken jarrabawa da sauran kwararru. Wannan, a sama da dukan, ophthalmologist - ido domin kayyade jihar su al'ada aiki, da kuma yiwuwar rikitarwa bayan tiyata.

A babba muƙamuƙi yana a kan jikinsa da ido rami da kuma hanci sinus, saboda su cikakken binciken da za'ayi kafin maksillektomiey m.

Bugu da kari, kafin tiyata bada shawarar yin wani tomography na kai da wuya, wanda inganta overall hoto na haƙuri kuma damar more fili ga wuri na ƙari tsari.

A lokacin aiki, zai iya yiwuwa ya faru wahala - karaya da muƙamuƙi (babba), ko kuma za a iya shafa da fuska jijiya a daidai al'amari. Duk wani rikitarwa iya shafar ci gaban malignancy, saboda maksillektomii - shi ne hadarin for Jihar wani ciwon daji haƙuri.

nakasar malformations

A babba muƙamuƙi za a iya lalace a utero, wadda take kaiwa zuwa malformations na muƙamuƙi, kuma dukan fuska.

Abin da zai iya zama dalilin ta mahaukaci ci gaban kafin haihuwa?

• Kwayoyin predisposition. Don hana wannan ba zai yiwu ba, amma tare da dama orthodontic da orthopedic magani bayan haihuwa zai iya gyara nakasar nakasar da kuma mayar da al'ada aiki daga cikin manya muƙamuƙi.
• Raunin da ya faru a lokacin gestation baby iya canza hanya na physiological ciki da kuma sa pathological canje-canje, wanda aka fi fallasa da babba muƙamuƙi. Har ila yau, miyagun halaye mahaifiyarsa da kuma yin amfani da wasu magunguna a lokacin da juna biyu na iya zama wani hukunci factor a cikin abin da ya faru na nakasar munanan.

iri pathologies

Daga cikin babban pathological tafiyar matakai shafi ci gaban da muƙamuƙi, release:

• Hereditary anomalies (anomalies cewa tashi a lokacin da amfrayo ci gaba da tayin) - unilateral ko na juna fuska kogon, microgeny, cikakken ko partially edentulous (m hakora), hypoplasia na hanci da sinuses, da sauransu.
• Nakasawa na'ura hakori tsarin, wanda ya samo asali a cikin ci gaban da muƙamuƙi ƙarƙashin rinjayar daban-daban unfavorable dalilai: na ciki ko exogenous.
• Secondary nakasawa matakai dentoalveolar inji, wanda bayyana a sakamakon da traumatic effects a kan gabobin da fuska kwanyar, kuma ma saboda zargin almubazzarancin tiyata, radiation far da jiyyar cutar sankara ga ciwon daji.

hakori anomalies. edentia

A mafi m pathologies hakora a kan babba muƙamuƙi za a iya ambata adentia wanda, dangane da hanyar, shi ne m (ba more hakora) da kuma cikakken (babu hakora).

Shi ne kuma wani lokacin zai yiwu don tsayar da distal motsi da kayan aiki tare da samuwar wani ƙarya diastema.

Domin bincike Pathology bayar da yin amfani da X-ray jarrabawa (orthopantomography) wanda mafi daidai nuna da wuri da kuma hanyar da Pathology.

Nakasawa muƙamuƙi da supernumerary hakora - da yiwu sakamakon wani pathological tsari wanda zai fara a utero ci gaba da tayin. Wanda zai iya haifar da gaban karin hakora, wanda ba a cika wani aiki a kan aiwatar da taban da ake?

A gaban supernumerary hakora ga alveolar kunya daga cikin manya muƙamuƙi iya tsokane ta nakasawa. Wannan sa wuce kima girma na alveolar kashi, wanda adversely rinjayar ba kawai daidai tsari da hakora, amma kuma a kan physiological ci gaban da babba muƙamuƙi.

Rigakafin anomalies kuma lalace muƙamuƙi

Muhimmanci musamman daga farkon shekarun su bi da ci gaban da muƙamuƙi tsarin sha yau da kullum jarrabawa da wani likitan hakori, kuma mu bi duk cututtuka na baka rami.

A gaban yaro ta bayyana wuri na anomalies ko ci gaban da hakora kamata nan da nan wuce wani m jarrabawa, da kuma ba kawai a likitan hakori, amma wani endocrinologist, neurologist. Wani lokaci anomalies a cikin ci gaban da muƙamuƙi hade tare da mai illa janar yanayin.

Jiyya na nakasar anomalies ya kasance wani reshe na Dentistry kamar orthodontics, wanda karatu da al'ada aiki na gabobin da bakin, kazalika da diagnoses kuma ya gyãra pathological sabawa daga na kullum. Magani ne mafi kyau yi a wani wuri shekaru, saboda ya jinkirta ziyarar da likitan hakora kafin shigowa da hakora ko da cikakken halakar da muƙamuƙi ba lallai ba ne.

baka lafiya - shi ne key zuwa dace aiki na narkewa kamar, kuma numfashi tsarin, kazalika da wani lamuni na da yaron ya shafi tunanin mutum da kiwon lafiya da kuma al'ada ci gaba. The m factor taka ba karamin rawa a cikin wannan al'amari, kamar yadda wani mutum ta fuskar - shi ne ya katin kira Running nakasawa disfiguring bayyanar bar wata alama a kan Psycho-wani tunanin jihar, da kuma samar da wani jam'i na fargaba da kuma phobias, har sociopathic jihar.

Proper abinci mai gina jiki, cin abinci mai tauri, m kiwon lafiya da gyaran mahalli - da key da lafiya raya daga cikin manya muƙamuƙi, kuma duk gabobin da na baka rami.