Jijiya Kwayoyin da su tsarin

Jijiya Kwayoyin cewa samar jijiya nama, suna da iri biyu: neurocytes (neurons), da kuma glial sel (glial Kwayoyin). Neurons gane hangula, da samar da aikin m an gudanar da yada jijiyar kafa lamba tare da juna da kuma glia Kwayoyin samar da yanayi na mafi kyau duka aiki neurons, Ina nufin ware su, a kare da kuma dauki bangare a cikin musayar masu shiga tsakani da kasafi factor neurocytes girma.

Kamar yadda a yau, da shugaban da mutum kwakwalwa ƙunshi biliyan 25. Neurons, kashi biyu daga uku na su suna located in da bawo, da kuma yawan glial Kwayoyin ne game da 10 sau mafi girma.

neuron

Jijiya Kwayoyin dauke da neurons, wanda suke da babban tsarin da aikin kashi na juyayi tsarin. Neuron - wani tsari cell size of 4-130 microns, kunsha na jiki da kuma appendages, wanda su ne daga iri biyu: da axon da dendrites. Scion na wani jijiya cell - axon - in ba haka ba ya kira neurites. matakai tsawon shi ne 1.5 m. Axon a cikin cell, daya kawai, tsawo, dan kadan sashe. kanta daga cell jiki ne mai bugun jini. Dendrites yawanci yawa, sosai branched, short. A cewar shi a bugun jini ne amfani da jiki na neuron. Neurons muhimmi tsauri rabuwa, suka gudanar da jijiyar kawai a daya shugabanci - daga dendrite zuwa axon. Wato, da neuron a tsarinta yayi kama da mazurari. The salula jiki ne, yafi da aiki na trophism dangane da tsari. Jikin siffar iya zama daban-daban - daga pyramidal zuwa taso.

iri neurons

Jijiya Kwayoyin a cikin yawan matakai kasu kashi da dama na asali iri.

• unipolar - da ciwon guda tsari, kawai axon. Wadannan Kwayoyin zama ba fãce a cikin tãyuna a matsayin tsaka-tsaki mataki a cikin ci gaban neurocytes.
• Bipolar - dauke da axon da dendrite. Wadannan jijiya Kwayoyin wani mutum yana a cikin akan tantanin ido da kuma a can cikin kunne;
• multipolar - mallaka 2 ko fiye matakai, da axon da dendrites. Shi ne ya fi kowa irin neuron a cikin jiki, su ne masu tsakiyar sassa na juyayi tsarin da gefe;
• psevdounipolyarnye Kwayoyin - bayan wani guda na kowa tsari, ciki har da axon da dendrite, kuma daga baya shi ne zuwa kashi biyu raba Kwayoyin na jiki. Wadannan bipolar neurons suna located a cikin nodes na girman kwanyar da kuma kashin baya.

A tsarin da jijiya cell

Neurilemma cell cover, wanda a Bugu da kari ga shamaki, da kuma musayar tsoka mai amsa sigina aiki, aikin wani takamaiman aiki na jijiya turu.

Jijiya Kwayoyin suna da cytoplasm, wanda ya hada da janar wasu gabbansa (mitochondria, endoplasmic reticulum, cell cibiyar, Golgi na'ura, lysosomes) da kuma organelle musamman dalilai, da ake kira neurofibrils. jijiya cell tsakiya mai haske, zagaye, ya ƙunshi daya ko biyu nucleoli.

Cell iri, bisa ga dalili

A daidai da manufa aikin jijiya Kwayoyin suna kasu azanci, motor kuma intercalary.

Azanci shine neurons - wadannan Kwayoyin, jiki wanda aka located a cikin ganglia na gefe tsarin. Dendrites wadannan Kwayoyin m karshen terminations, da kuma axon yayin da ake shiryar da a cikin kwakwalwa kara ko laka.

Intercalary jijiya Kwayoyin alhakin yada neuron zumudi.

Motor ko secretory Kwayoyin suna kira dangane da tsarin (tsoka fiber ko kuwa baƙin ƙarfe) inda su axon ƙare.

Akwai kuma goyi bayan jijiya Kwayoyin, ake kira glial Kwayoyin cewa rufe neurons daga juna.

Ependimotsity kama epithelial nama rufi da rami da kwakwalwa da kuma laka. Su aiki - goyon bayan da gindaya.

Astrocytes ne mnogootrostchatymi kananan star-dimbin yawa Kwayoyin. By gina matakai na astrocytes ne protoplasmic kuma fibrous.

Jijiya zaruruwa suna kafa daga tafiyar matakai na jijiya Kwayoyin da lemmotsitov. Waje da juyayi fiber ne mai rufi da bakin ciki daina kai hare hare na fibrous sako-sako da connective nama, da ake kira da muhimmi lamina.