Strontium 90: Half-rai. Strontium - radionuclide

A 1787, ba da nisa daga Scottish shiri Strontsian a tawa ga hakar da gubar da aka samu har zuwa wannan lokaci ba a sani ba ma'adinai. A daraja na kauye da shi da aka mai suna strontianite. Kuma da sunan sinadari strontium da masana kimiyya ya girmama wannan ma'adinai. Menene da halaye fiye da abu zai iya zama da amfani, ko m?

A farko karatu na strontium

Bayan bude strontianite masana kimiyya a sakamakon wannan ma'adinai don daban-daban Categories. Wasu tunanin cewa ya nasa ne a fluorite, wasu - don witherite. Duk da haka, kadan daga baya fiye da tsabta game da wannan al'amari da aka kawo ta wurin Scottish sunadarai T. hop. Sai aka ba su sani ba cewa gwajin abu iya samun rabin-rai. Strontium ya kuma kasance abu na nazarin sunadarai Lavoisier, kuma Gemfri Devi. A gagarumin taimako ga gano wannan abu da aka ma ƙaddamar da Rasha masanin kimiyya Toviem Lovitsem. Ya ko da kuwa Yammacin takwarorinsu, ya nuna gaban wannan ƙarfe a cikin nauyi spar.

A bit da ka'idar. Mene ne cikin rabin-rai?

Kowa ya sani cewa a radionuclide kira radioisotopes yau. Mene ne rabin-rai? Radionuclides suna bambanta daga sauran abubuwa a cewa su ne m tsakiya. A kan lokaci da suka rushe - aiwatar da rediyoaktif lalace. A wannan tsari, da tsakiya suna tuba zuwa cikin wasu isotopes, kuma ta haka ne da watsi da rediyoaktif haskoki. Sauran radionuclides da bangarori daban-daban na volatility. Akwai short-rayu da kuma dogon-rayu isotopes. Short-rayu lalace sosai da sauri: wannan daukan seconds, kwanaki ko watanni. Domin dogon-bukata daruruwan dubban, ko ma biliyoyi na shekaru. Dangane da yadda yawa da aka dauka ko isotope raba rabin na ta, abu ne ko da yaushe ake bukata a wasu lokaci - shi ne ake kira rabin-rai.

Mene ne rabin-rai na strontium-90?

Kamar yadda aka sani, da radionuclides da kuma isotopes ne matukar hatsari ga lafiya da abubuwa. Kamar yadda na strontium, ta barga isotopes kusan babu hatsari ga mutane. Amma rediyoaktif isotopes iya lalata dukan rai. Dalilin da cewa daya daga cikin mafi m siffofin strontium - Sr-90 - shi ne m - shi ne ta rabin-rai. Strontium-90 ya ƙãrẽwa kan shekaru 29, da kuma wannan tsari ne ko da yaushe tare da saki mai yawa na radiation. Wannan kashi na da ikon da sauri kafa a cikin tsarin na rayayyun kwayoyin halitta da kuma metabolized.

Properties na strontium

Strontium a cikin iska sosai da sauri reacts da ruwa, an rufe shi da rawaya oxide fim. A free form, wannan kashi ba a samu a yanayi. Its most adibas suna located a Rasha, Arizona, California (USA). Strontium ne mai taushi da karfe - yana da sauki a yanka mai sauki wuka. Amma ta narkewa zafin jiki ne 768 ° C. Gami wanda abun da ke ciki hada da strontium, amfani da pyrotechnics. Kazalika wannan kashi da ake amfani da su mai da uranium.

A shigar azzakari cikin farji na strontium a rayayyun kwayoyin halitta

Bisa ga sinadaran Properties Strontium ne sosai kama da wata al'ada alli - wannan kashi ne kusan wani analog daga gare ta. Strontium-90 da aka sosai hanzari ajiye a kashi, hakora, kazalika a taya. A lalata na kashi ne ma kafa ya isotope yttrium-90 wanda yana da matukar gajeren rabin-rai. Strontium a cikin wannan siga ba za a iya kwatanta ta da yttrium-90, wanda ya ƙãrẽwa a kawai 64 hours.

Yttrium-90 zai iya emit beta barbashi. Shi ne kuma mai sauri rinjayar da kashi da yake sosai m zuwa ga bargo. Ƙarƙashin rinjayar iko radiation a wani rai gabar jurewa gagarumin physiological canje-canje. Canza cell abun da ke ciki, sifar tantanin halitta kuma mai tsanani gaji da damuwa, wanda results a cikin wani canji a metabolism. Saboda haka, tambaya na yadda dogon rabin-rai na strontium-90, shi ne ba rago. Daga qarshe, wannan take kaiwa zuwa wani jini cell ciwon daji (da cutar sankarar bargo), da kuma kasusuwa. Kuma ma shi ne iya exert mai iko da tasiri a tsarin DNA da itatuwa aure.

The gudu daga yaduwa a cikin yanayi

Kamuwa da cuta da strontium-90 auku a wani gajeren lokaci, kamar yadda yana da sosai short rabin-rai. Strontium kafa bayan technogenic fama daukar kwayar cutar a kan nazarin halittu abinci sarƙoƙi saboda shi contaminates ƙasa da ruwa. Isotope kuma saukin shiga a cikin numfashi fili na dabbobi da mutane. strontium-90 daga ƙasa sauri shiga jiki na dabbobi, shuke-shuke, sa'an nan a cikin jikin mutanen da suke shan gurbata abinci. Baya ga wannan isotope ne iya ba kawai don halakar da wata wasu kwayoyin, amma kuma deformity aika ta zuriyarsa. Strontium-90 kuma an ruwaito daga madarar uwarsa da yaro.

Wannan isotope an rayayye da hannu a cikin metabolism na shuke-shuke. Su cusa samun daga ƙasa, ta hanyar da asalinsu. A manya-manyan adadin strontium tara irin wadannan shuke-shuke kamar legumes, tushen da tubers. A cikin mutane, strontium accumulates, yafi a cikin kwarangwal. Tare da shekaru, yawan har zuwa strontium saukar da. A maza, da isotope tattara fiye da mata.

A mafi hatsari isotopes

Tare da cesium-137 Strontium-90 shi ne daya daga cikin mafi m kuma mafi iko rediyoaktif abin gurɓatawa da ciwon azumi rabin-rai. Strontium-90 ne sau da yawa saki ga yanayi a sakamakon hatsarori a nukiliya ikon shuke-shuke da kuma makaman nukiliya gwaje-gwaje. A halin da ake ciki da wahala da cewa kasancewar wannan isotope ne sosai wuya a ƙayyade, ko da a cikin ƙasa samfurori. Ba kamar cesium, gamma radiation aka gano wanda yake mai sauqi domin sanin Sr-90 abun ciki na kasar gona ake bukata a kalla a mako.

A wannan binciken samfurin na ƙasa ko noma, masana kimiyya ya ƙone a hanya ta musamman, da kuma kawai bayan da cewa ba za mu iya magana game da ko akwai a cikin wannan samfurin strontium. Wannan hanya ita sosai ba ta dace a lokacin da ka bukatar ka gano adadin isotope tunawa da jikin mutum. Domin wani bincike da na Belarushiyanci masana kimiyya sun ƙirƙira musamman kwalkwali, rijista a beta radiation.

Shafi strontium-90 kashi

A mafi kusa a da kaddarorin a cikin wannan girmamawa ne karafa cesium-137 da kuma strontium-90. A rabin rayuwa na shekaru 30 ne cesium-137. Lokacin da radiation bala'i, wadannan biyu abubuwa don ƙirƙirar most yawan matsaloli. An yi imani da cewa m sakamakon na nuclear hatsari gamma-aiki cesium ne m fiye da strontium. Ganin rabin rayuwar wadannan abubuwa, shi za a iya cewa akwai ya kamata a kalla shekara ɗari shida kafin a chernobye zone za a bar wadannan isotopes.

A rabin-rai isotopes Features

Domin kowane abu tsananin ayyana isotope rabin-rai. Strontium-90 na da tsawon shekaru 28. Duk da haka, wannan ba ya nufin cewa duk da kwayoyin halitta zai bace bayan shekaru 56. Kuma taka rawar da farko adadin da isotope. A lokacin da rushewar wasu daga cikin strontium za a iya canza, juya cikin m abubuwa. Idan rabin-rai na rediyoaktif strontium shekaru 28 ne, wannan yana nufin da wadannan.

Ta hanyar wannan lokaci daga farko adadin da isotope zai zama rabin. Ko bayan shekaru 28 - kwata, da sauransu. Sai dai itace cewa strontium iya sama da yanayi shekaru da dama. Wasu masana kimiyya sun taso keya wannan lambar da za ta nuna cewa rabin-rai na strontium - 29 years. Ta hanyar wannan lokaci ne rabin a kan abu, amma yana isa ya strontium yada zuwa yanzu fiye da hatsari.