A yau zamu tattauna game da wanda Robert Ludlum yake. Books wannan mawallafi, kuma ya biography za a tattauna a wannan labarin. Shi ne marubucin mafi kyawun masu kyauta, mai gabatarwa da actor. An wallafa ayyukan marubucin a cikin harsuna 32 kuma an aiwatar da su a cikin adadin fiye da miliyan 210.
Tarihi
An haifi Robert Ludlum ne a Birnin New York, lokacin da ya kasance Mayu 1927. Mahaifinsa George ya mutu yayin da yaron ya yi shekaru 7 kawai. Saboda haka, marubucin gaba ya shafe lokaci mai tsawo a New Jersey. A can ya zauna tare da dangi. Yaron ya fara horo a Makarantar Rectory. Daga nan sai ya shiga Jami'ar Wesleyan, wanda yake a Middletown, Connecticut. A nan ne ya zama memba na 'yan uwantun' yan uwan da ake kira Alpha Delta Phi.
Da farko Robert ya fara tunanin tunani game da zaɓar wani sana'a na gaba. Ya so ya kasance dan wasan kwaikwayo, wani soja, dan wasan kwallon kafa da marubuta. Lokacin da yaro yana da shekaru 16, an ba shi damar taka muhimmiyar rawa a cikin kayan da ake kira Junior Miss. Wannan ya canza rayuwan saurayi. A 1945, ya shiga soja, yana aiki a cikin Marine Corps a cikin Pacific. An san cewa a cikin 'yan watanni na farko da ya shafe a cikin darajõji, yana da daruruwan shafuka na alamomi. A cikinsu ya bayyana hidimar a cikin jiragen ruwa. Bayan ya dawo Middletown, marubuci mai zuwa ya kammala karatu daga jami'a. A shekara ta 1951 ya sami digiri a zane-zane. A lokaci guda kuma, ya yi aure. Wanda aka zaba shine yarinya Maryamu, wanda suka kawo 'ya'ya uku.
Ayyuka
A cikin shekaru hamsin, Robert Ludlum sau da yawa ya bayyana a shirye-shiryen talabijin da talabijin. A 1954, ya buga Spartacus a fim Gladiator. Shekaru biyu da suka wuce, ya riga ya zama jagoran soja don fim "Strong Singles", wanda Fritz Hoshuolder ya jagoranci. Robert Ludlam ya zama dan wasa a gidan wasan kwaikwayo na North Jersey. Shekaru biyu bayan haka, ya kirkiro gidan wasan kwaikwayon da ake kira Playhouse-on-the-Mall a New Jersey, Paramus. Har zuwa 1971, Ludlum ya rubuta wasan kwaikwayo na musamman don kansa gidan wasan kwaikwayon. Yawancin su sun sami Broadway.
A 1971, aka buga littafin farko na marubucin, The Legacy of Scarlatti, wanda ya ba da labari game da wani soja Amurka a lokacin yakin duniya na biyu. A cewar marubucin kansa, aikin da aka buga ne kawai tare da ƙoƙari 10. Masu wallafawa suna jin tsoron abin da ya faru a littafin, amma labari ya zama kyauta mafi kyau a nan take. Ayyukan gaba na marubucin shine aikin "Osterman Weekend", wanda aka buga a shekarar 1973. Irin labarin da aka yi na tarihi ya bayyana a shekarar 1983. Daraktan hoto shine Sam Peckinpah. Robert ya koma tare da iyalinsa zuwa Birnin New York a shekarar 1970. Bugu da kari, yana da gida a Florida. A wannan lokacin, Ludlum yayi tafiya mai yawa, tattara abubuwa don labarun gaba. A cewar marubucin kansa, Paris ita ce birnin da ya fi so a kowane lokaci.
Bayanin Bourne
A cikin 1980, an buga littafin "Bourne Identification". Ta kawo marubucin duniya da daraja kuma ya zama farkon jerin ayyukan. A cikin labarin An haife - ainihin hali - an samo a cikin teku ba tare da wani ƙwaƙwalwar ba. A baya, shi wakili ne na CIA. A cikin tarihin, jarumi na kokarin tunawa da ainihin halinsa. "An gane shi ne a farkon shekarar 1988. A karo na biyu - a tsakiyar 2002. A cewar makircin, Marie Saint-Jacques zai taimaka wa jarumi. Masu aikin CIA da Carlos Jackal, wadanda suka yi rantsuwar rantsuwa, sun yi niyya su tsoma baki a hanyarsu. Daga cikin wasu haruffa ya kamata a lura da Jack Manning - daya daga cikin manyan ma'aikatan hukumar kula da Intanet. Ci gaba da saga ya zama aikin "Bourne Supremacy" da kuma "Ultimatum", wanda aka saki a 1986 da 1990 a daidai da haka.
Ƙungiyoyin Prometheus
Wasu daga cikin ayyukan marubucin sun wallafa a karkashin sakonnin Jonathan Ryder da Michael Shepherd. Littafin littafin Robert Ludlum ya kammala da littafin "The Prometheus Dodge", wanda aka buga a shekarar 2000. Marubucin ya shude a ranar 12 ga Maris, 2001. Yana da shekara 73. Dalilin shi ne ciwon zuciya. Shi ne marubucin fiye da ashirin littattafai. Bayan da aka aika da rubuce-rubuce na marubuta. Daya daga cikin su - "Gargadin Ambler" - an buga shi a shekarar 2005 a asali. A shekara ta 2006, an canja shi zuwa Rasha, kuma a Rasha aikin ya zama mai sayarwa.
Bibliography
A 1971, marubucin ya rubuta littafin "Legacy of Scarlatti." A 1972 ya zo aikin "Weekend Osterman". A 1973, littafin "Paper Matlock" ya bayyana. A karkashin sunan Jonathan Ryder ya fito da ayyukan Trevayne a shekara ta 1973 da "Kira na Khalidon" a 1974. Har ila yau a cikin 1974 ya bayyana littafin "Reinemann's Exchange." A 1975, a karkashin sunan Michael Shephard, an buga aikin "The Road to Gandolfo". A 1976, an wallafa littafin "Twins-rivals". "Rubutun Magoya Bayanan" ya fito ne a 1977. A shekara ta 1978 aka buga littafin "Testament of Holcroft". Ma'aikatar "Circle of Matarese" ta bayyana a shekara ta 1979. "An haife shaidar da aka haifa" a 1980. A 1982, marubucin ya kirkiro aikin "Parsifal Mosaic". A 1984, an buga littafin "The Conspiracy of Aquitaine". A 1986 ya wallafa "Bourne Supremacy". Littafin The Icarus Agenda ya bayyana a shekarar 1988. An wallafa "Bourne Ultimatum" a 1990. A 1992, marubucin ya kirkiro aikin "Hanyar zuwa Omaha". A 1993, an wallafa littafi mai suna "Illusion of Scorpion". A 1995, Apocalypse Watch ya bayyana. A 1997, an wallafa littafi mai suna The Matarese Countdown. A shekarar 2000, Robert Ludlum ya kammala littafin "The Prometheus Trick". A shekarar 2005 an wallafa rubuce-rubuce na marubucin "Gargadi na Ambler".