Stage da kwari raya: m da cikakken hira

Post-tayi ci gaba, in ba haka ba da aka sani poslezarodyshevym, a duk kwayoyin-mazaunan duniya tamu za a iya raba biyu siffofin: kai tsaye da kuma kai tsaye ba. A farko irin shi ne muhimmi a cikin dabbobi masu rarrafe, da tsuntsaye, dabbobi masu shayarwa. Haife ko fitowa daga cikin kwai ne karamin kofi na matasa adult. Wani nau'i na cin gaban da aka samu a kifi, halittar dabba mai kafafuwa da kuma arthropod. A cikin wannan labarin, ta amfani kankare misalai, za mu yi la'akari da mataki na ci gaba da kwari.

A nazarin halittu rawar da metamorphosis

A ci gaba da daban-daban irin dabbobi da bai cika da cikakken metamorphosis (metamorphosis) na samar da mafi kyau duka yanayi na rayuwa da na yara da balagaggun siffofin da kuma rage gasar domin abinci da tushe tsakanin su. Wannan damar yin amfani da madadin abinci albarkatun, da kuma facilitates sake ma su matsugunni da jinsunan zauna daban-daban habitats (iska, ƙasar, ruwa ko karkashin kasa). kwaro metamorphosis ne daya daga cikin dalilan da babbar dama jinsunan kwayoyin da suke zaune a halin yanzu lokaci a duniya (miliyan daya). Su zauna kusan duk data kasance muhalli maharibai. Kwari ne arthropod aji irin. Kwaro ci gaba mataki ne da wadannan bulan: kwai (tayi ci gaba) tsutsa, pupa, imago (postembryonic ci gaba).

Mataki qwai ne na farko, kuma m lokaci kwari rayuwa sake zagayowar. Ya 'yan bawo. A farko da aka kira da chorion (yana da wani m da kuma inji aiki). A wasu jinsunan, shi ne rikitarwa yadudduka da kakin zuma ko chitin da riddled da pores. Na biyu harsashi, gwaiduwa ko serous, kai tsaye a lamba tare da bunkasa tayi. Yana ake kawota ta mai da gwaiduwa. Siffar, launi da kuma size chorionic qwai da daban-daban kwari bambanta. Saboda haka, qwai tsawon fara ne kawai ya kai 11 mm, kuma gizo-gizo mites - kawai 0,14 mm. Mai kwari sa su qwai, ko da yake akwai ma viviparous siffofin, kamar Madagascar kyankyaso. Daga cikin kwai zo fitar da tsutsa, wanda shi ne na gaba mataki na kwaro raya kasa.

cikakken hira

Shi ne na hali na jinsin subclass winged kwari. Kafin ta zama wani adult mutum - imago, jiki ya fito daga cikin kwai, fuskantar biyu gaba daya bambancin rayuwa, saukarwa: larvae da pupae. Kwari, wanda aka halin da cikakken metamorphosis, kira golometabolicheskimi. Wadannan sun hada da kungiyoyin na Lepidoptera, Diptera, Coleoptera, da sauransu. D.

Features sunan mataki

Su ne, a sama da dukan, a cikin ilimin Halittar Jiki halitta na jiki. Mai larvae ba a nan haihuwa tsarin. Har ila yau daban-daban mouthparts, ya kuma inganta nau'in abinci. Ka yi la'akari da larval matakai na raya kasa na kwari da bai cika metamorphosis.

Daya daga cikin mafi tsoho kwayoyin - mazari, kayansa mãsu ta qwai a cikin ruwa a tsaye ruwa. Bayan kwanaki 20, da kuma a wasu jinsunan bayan 2-9 watanni ta bayyana pronymph (prelarvae), wanda ke zaune kawai 'yan dakikoki, to, shi fades, da kuma kafa Naiad - a real mazari larvae. Yana yana da kananan size (1.5 mm), da kuma rayuwa ta sake zagayowar, dangane da irin kwaro iya wuce daga kwanaki da dama a daya zuwa shekara uku. Tsutsa rayayye ke farauta ita a cikin ruwa, kuma yana da trachea for numfashi, haka sau da yawa yakan zuwa surface.

Ci gaba da Molina da kuma girma, ta na jan gindi daga cikin ruwa a ruwa shuka mai tushe da aka canza kama zuwa wani adult kwari - mazari da ciwon m fuka-fuki da jiki rufe. Domin a yayin da shi ba ya motsa. Chitin Layer rufe kwaro tauri. Mazari zama iya tashi sama. A takaice, da wadannan: larvae na dragonflies a daban-daban na mazauninsu na samar da wani tsawo na wadannan kwari. Lura cewa jima'i balagagge kwari Mazari da tsutsa ne misãlai, a cikin hanyar abinci (duka biyu ne da yara) kuma numfashi (gawawwakin - trachea) Bambanci duk da haka ne da mazauninsu: imago rayuwa a cikin iska, da kuma mollusks - a cikin ruwa.

ƙwaro larvae tare da cikakken metamorphosis

Da wakilan da oda Lepidoptera, misali, malam, caterpillars, kuma aka kira su ne daban daga cikin balagaggu. Daga cikin kwai zo fitar da tsutsa, wadda take cin da harsashi da kuma nan da nan ya fara ci ganye da kuma sauran sassa na shuka da iko jaws - mandibles. Jikinta ya tsutsa-kamar, yana da wani shugaban, uku thoracic da goma ciki segments. Marufai an bayar da gashin - bristles. Butterflies - kwari, wanda aka halin da cikakken hira. A kan ƙananan lebe na tsutsa ne tururi baƙin ƙarfe, wanda ya bambanta a asirce. Congealing a cikin iska, shi Forms wani thread cewa yana amfani da tsutsa to rafta samuwar. Zama a cikin shi, da tsutsa jũya a cikin wani pupa. Yana iya zama daga makonni da dama da daya zuwa shekara uku, da kuma asu nymph zaune har zuwa shekaru 10. Ta jiki da aka kafa glycerol da betaine - halitta maganin daskarewa.

malam tsutsa - kwari da cikakken hira, sau da yawa leaks. Last Molina burinsu pupation. A wasu jinsunan kwari larvae da raba sunayen. Alal misali, beetles, sawflies - mai tsutsa, a alleculinae da darkling - lozhnoprovolochnik, mollusks kira larvae na dragonflies da su prelarvae kira Nymphs.

Mene ne pupa

Wannan lokaci na rayuwa sake zagayowar na kwari, wadda take kaiwa zuwa cin gaban balagagge mutane - imago. Pupal mataki halin a cewa jiki ne ba Powered kuma ba zai iya motsawa. Bugu da kari ga siliki, da rafta domin gina da kuma karfafa dabbobi sau da yawa amfani da barbashi yashi ko bawo. A free pupal antennae, kafafu da kuma fikafikan nan gaba manya mutane ne free kuma kusa da jiki. An rufe pupae ne halayyar da yawa jinsunan malam, ladybugs, wasu Diptera.

imago

Ga na ƙarshe mataki na kwari ci gaban halin da samuwar masu haihuwa (al'aura tsarin), da kuma duk na waje siffofin muhimmi a cikin irin wannan. Kamar yadda tsutsa, imago yi aikin aiki da kwari waste a da dama wuraren. Bugu da kari, manya ne alhakin haifuwa da kuma da al'aurar. A cikin maza, suna kira da testes kuma a mace - ovaries. Akwai kuma ƙarƙashin gland secreting a fake, kuma ya copulatory gabobin ga ma'abota.

A cikin wannan labarin, za mu duba a mataki na kwari raya kasa, tare da kai tsaye ba tare da ci gaba da bai cika ba, kuma cikakken metamorphosis.