Babban fasali na adabi harshe

Wallafe-wallafen harshen ne wani nau'i na zama nedialektnuyu (subsystem) na kasa da harshen, shi ne halin da wasu fasaloli. Wadannan sun hada da codification, normative, stylistic bambantawa, multifunctionality, kuma high daraja a cikin al'umma, daga cikin jawabai.

A wannan labarin, za mu duba a cikin ãyõyin da wallafe-wallafen harshen, ta ayyuka, kazalika da ra'ayi da kanta, da kaddarorin and definition.

A wallafe-wallafen harshen shi ne babban kayan aiki da caters da bukatun kafofin watsa labarun al'umma. Ya aka yi tsayayya da su da sauran, wadanda ba codified subsystems - yaruka, a birane, vernacular (a cikin wasu kalmomi - birane Koine), kazalika da jama'a da kuma masu sana'a jargon.

Hanyoyi biyu na fassara manufar

Wallafe-wallafen harshen kamar yadda wani ra'ayi za a iya ƙaddara da rabe-halaye cewa ne muhimmi a cikin wannan subsystem na kasa harshe, kazalika ta hanyar delimitation na totality daga cikin mutanen da suke da dako da wannan subsystem, raba shi daga cikin jimlar nauyin da jawabai na wannan harshe. Origin - rabe-kafiya hanya, da kuma na biyu - sociological.

Wallafe-wallafen harshen daga ra'ayi na V. V. Vinogradova

Daga cikin ra'ayi na VV Vinogradov, da wallafe-wallafen harshen ne da na kowa harshen da a cikinsa akwai aka rubuta a wasu mutane ko kaɗan daga gare su. Wannan shi ne, shi ya hada da harshen duk al'adu bayyananen, ƙara bayyana kawai rubutu, amma wani lokacin da baki, kazalika da wallafe-wallafe, aikin jarida, kimiyya, rubutu da kuma yau da kullum sadarwa, da wata makaranta, hukuma da kuma kasuwanci takardun. Saboda haka bambanta da siffar kamar baki-magana da kuma rubuta-littafi.

Daban-daban sharuddan game da wannan ra'ayi

A lokaci da ake dangantawa a asalin tare da wani ajali kamar "Books", da kuma a cikin fahimtar da etymological ma'anar cewa shi ne tushen a kan "harafi", da cewa shi ne a kan harafi. Haka kuma, an rubuta harshen. Lalle ne, idan muka yi la'akari da harshen tsakiyar zamanai, za mu kawai magana game da harshen adabi, da texts tare da wallafe-wallafen nufi. Sauran alamun da wallafe-wallafen harshen samu daga wannan definition tare da lokaci, saboda haka, ze zama bayyananne da ma'ana.

Lebur a kan batun bambance bambancen sharuddan suna, a gaskiya, kawai wani ƙoƙari na samun daga rushewar na m dabaru: da na ra'ayi ãyõyin na girmama ga data kasance abubuwa, kuma ya aka ƙaddara ta hanyar su. Ãyõyin wallafe-wallafen harshen za a yi la'akari da mu a kasa.

Wallafe-wallafen harshen a matsayin aiki na kasa

Na da yawa ma'anar mafi dace da shi ne domin ayyana shi a matsayin aiki na kasa harshe. Watau wallafe-wallafen - shi ne kawai wani irin amfani na Rasha harshen, kuma ba a raba, m harshe. Wannan fahimtar ne a layin da kimiyya hadisin, shi ne m da tarihi da kusancin da bincike na adabi harshe. A lokaci guda, wannan fassarar bayyana gaban da kuma ci gaban daban-daban duniyoyin da "Al'adu magana," kamar yadda aka barata bisa ga wanzuwar wallafe-wallafen harshen kamar yadda wani ajali. A gaskiya ma, cikin karshen ne kawai nau'i na zama na kasa (kasa) harshe, ba kawai magana a cikin kunkuntar ma'anarta. A tsawon lokaci, conversational siffofin ƙara ƙwace masu tasowa "al'adu", selection na ilimin harsuna siffofin da ɓullo da tsarin da harshen, da kuma babban abun ciki na tarihi tsari.

Babban fasali na adabi da harshen da za a tattauna a kasa. Yanzu bari mu ce 'yan kalmomi game da harshen ayyuka.

Multifunctionality na Rasha harshen

A ra'ayi da kuma siffofin da wallafe-wallafen harshen an samu daga ta ayyuka. Duk wani isasshe ɓullo da harshe biyu main irin manufar yin amfani: live magana da harshen da aka rubuta da harshen. Conversational jawabin da muka Master tun suna yara. A ci gaba da biyu jinsin faruwa ci gaba cikin rayuwa da kuma cigaban dan Adam, har ya tsufa.

Rasha harshen yau ne wani Multi-aikin, cewa an yi amfani da mutane da yawa daban-daban duniyoyin na mutum aiki. Aikin bambanta da kuma wajen wallafe-wallafen harshen (nahawu, ƙamus). Harshe amfani dogara da irin na sadarwa. A cikin wallafe-wallafen harshen (ãyõyin Rasha wallafe-wallafen harshen, za ka sami ƙasa), akwai biyu main aikin bambancin: littafin da magana. Haka kuma, littafin tsaya fitar da magana da harshen. A cikin jawabin, akwai uku styles na pronunciation: Elementary, tsaka tsaki da kuma cikakken.

Babban dũkiyarku, wadda characterizes wallafe-wallafen harshen - ikon adana rubutu da kuma ta haka ku bauta a matsayin hanyar sadarwa a tsakanin daban-daban da al'ummomi.

Ya yawa ayyuka, kazalika da ãyõyinMu, dokoki na adabi harshe, da suka zama mafi hadaddun da ci gaban al'umma.

Da rawar da haddasa na adabi harshe

Daga cikin wasu nau'in cewa an lura a cikin kasa harshe (zamantakewa da kuma yankin yaruka, colloquialisms, jargon), shi ne daidaitattun harshen da ya ko da yaushe taka muhimmiyar rawa. Ya yalwaci mafi kyau hanyoyi domin sunayen abubuwa da Concepts, magana da motsin zuciyarmu da tunaninmu. Akwai ci gaba da hulda tsakanin su da sauran iri na harshe, salon magana. Colloquially shi aka bayyana mafi fili.

Saboda haka, da wallafe-wallafen harshen ne kafuwar mu al'adun magana, kazalika da mafi girma nau'i na zama na kasa harshe. Ana amfani da a kafofin watsa labarai, da ilimi, adabi, da kuma al'adu. Yana hidima daban-daban duniyoyin na mutum aiki: kimiyya, siyasa, hukuma-kasuwanci sadarwa, da dokokin kasa da kasa, zamantakewa hulda, talabijin, jaridu da rediyo.

Ãyõyin wallafe-wallafen harshen

Daga cikin sosai lokaci da muka fahimta. Mu yanzu lura da babban fasali na adabi harshe. Wannan kwanciyar hankali (watau kwanciyar hankali), iyawa (domin shi ne harshen da cewa an bi da da daban-daban Masters kalmomi: masana kimiyya, kasida, marubuta, jama'a Figures), dole ne a ga dukkan mutanen da suke da 'yan qasar jawabai, gaban wani aikin styles, kazalika da daidaita. A nan ne mafi muhimmanci fasali na adabi harshe.

daidaita

Daidaita shi ne fairly wasu hanya da magana, wanda ya nuna da tarihi musamman alamu na ci gaba da wallafe-wallafen harshen. Wannan yanayin dogara ne a kan sosai harshen tsarin, kulla mafi kyau misalai na adabi ayyukansu. Bisa al'ada mode na magana ni'ima ilimi ɓangare na yawan jama'a. A matsayin sa na wasu sharudda na yin amfani da kalmomi, da mulki wajibi ne don kare mutuncin kasa da kasa da comprehensible harshe, domin a aika bayanai daga tsara zuwa tsara. Idan shi bai wanzu a cikin harshen iya faruwa irin canje-canje, sakamakon zaune a sassa daban daban na kasar, mutane za su daina fahimci juna.

Iyawa da kuma codification

The alamun da wallafe-wallafen harshen an kuma bi da codification. Iyawa bayyana a sakamakon zabin, da kuma niyya, duk da mafi kyaun abin da yake a cikin shi. Fuskantar wannan ne yake aikata ta hanyar yin amfani da kasa da harshe, kamar yadda sakamakon binciken da za'ayi da jama'a Figures, masana kimiyya da kuma masana ilimin harsuna.

Codification nufi da tightness na ta norms a cikin kimiyya wallafe-wallafe. An bayyana a gaban dace nahawu kamus, da sauran littattafai, wanda dauke da dokoki domin yadda za a yi amfani da harshen.

Wadannan alamu na adabi harshe ma yana da muhimmanci sosai.

wasu alamu

A alamar stylistic bambancin yakan haifar da kasancewar da yawa aikin styles.

Wallafe-wallafen harshen ne ma kowa da halin da Yaduwar dacewa kwastan, ci da kuma dama da na ilimin harsuna tsarin.

Mun sake nazari da babban fasali na Rasha wallafe-wallafen harshen. Daya daga cikin manyan matsaloli na jawabin al'ada ne ta kariya, kazalika da ta dokoki, domin wallafe-wallafen harshen haɗa kan bangaskiya cikin dukan al'umma linguistically. Babban rawa a samar da shi ko da yaushe nasa ne da ci-gaba na yawan jama'a.

Abin da ya zama daidaitaccen yare?

Lalle ne, haƙĩƙa mai wallafe-wallafen harshen dole ne a gane abin da duka, kamar yadda ya kamata su iya gane dukkan yan al'umma. Ya kamata a don haka ci gaba da zama iya bauta wa babban duniyoyin na mutum aiki. Yana da muhimmanci a kiyaye jawabin lexical, nau'in, kuma aktsentologicheskie sabawa ka'idojin da suka shafi harshe. Saboda haka wata babbar kalubale ga masana ilimin harsuna, shi ne ya yi la'akari da wani sabon, shi ya bayyana a cikin wallafe-wallafen harshen, ta fuskar ta yarda da janar nufi na harshe ci gaba, kazalika da mafi kyau duka aikin yanayi.

A mafi m, kuma daidai da shi, fiye da shi ya zama mafi araha ga fahimtar abin da shi da kyau da ma'ana, da girma da tasiri a kan mai karatu ko mai sauraro. Don bayyana da kyau da kuma daidai, kana bukatar ka bi wasu dokoki na dabaru (na shaida, bi da bi), kazalika da] iya na adabi harshe, da hadin kai na style, kula da euphony, don kauce wa maimaita.

Babban fasali na pronunciation daga cikin wallafe-wallafen Rasha harshen raya kan Tsakiya Rasha yaruka, su imin sautin harshe. Yau, a karkashin matsin lamba bisa al'ada, da wallafe-wallafen yaruka hallaka.