Shugaban kasar Poland Lech Kaczynski: ilimin lissafi, aikin siyasa

Daya daga cikin 'yan siyasa na al'ummar Turai na zamani, jarumin dimokuradiyya da adalci shi ne shugaban Poland mai ƙahara - Lech Kaczynski. Abin takaici, rayuwarsa a matsayin manufar ba ta da sauƙi, kuma mummunan mutuwa da mummunan mutuwa ya kasance abin mamaki ba kawai ga al'ummarsa ba, har ma ga jama'a. Bari mu yi kokarin bincika yadda jirgin saman ya faru a kusa da Smolensk. Mutuwa da Lech Kaczynski ya kasance babbar matsala ga kowa.

Bayani na bayyane

Leh Kachinsky aka haife shi a babban birnin na Poland (Warsaw) Yuni 18, 1949 a wani iyalin m shugabanni da gwagwarmaya. Mahaifina ya kasance injiniya ne kuma ya shiga cikin yakin duniya na biyu, kuma mahaifiyata, masanin kimiyya, mai aiki ne a cikin tashin hankali a 1944 a Warsaw. Lech ba shine jariri kadai a cikin iyali ba, kuma yana da ɗan'uwa Yaralav.

Ilimi:

Leh Kachinsky ya kasance wani m da wuya-aiki, ya sauke karatu daga sakandare da kuma a shekarar 1966 ya shiga cikin baiwa da gwamnati da kuma dokar a Jami'ar Warsaw. Shekaru biyar bayan haka ya kammala karatun digiri, kuma a shekara ya sami digiri. Matashi mai aiki ba ya taba zama a wuri ba, koyaushe yana shiga cikin rayuwar jami'a da kuma birni, ya kafa manufofin da kuma cimma su. Don haka, bayan 'yan shekaru, sai ya kare takardar shaidar digiri na farko kuma ya sami lakabin farfesa.

Ayyukan siyasa

A harkar siyasa na nan gaba shugaban kasar Poland ya fara a cikin ganuwar da University of Gdansk, a cikin aiki kwamitin. A wannan lokacin (1977-1978) ita ce 'yan adawar' yan adawa. Lech Kaczynski ya kare duk abin da yake so kuma ya taimaka wa wasu, saboda haka ba abin mamaki ba ne cewa an nada shi a matsayin mai ba da shawara ga kwamitin Gdansk Strike.

A cikin farkon shekarun 80, lokacin da aka gabatar da dokar ta baci a duk faɗin ƙasar, an tsare shi a kusan shekara guda. Amma wannan ba ya karya makamai don adalci ba, amma, a akasin haka, ya zama kamar, ya ba da tabbacin cewa a cikin ikonsa na canja kasar don mafi kyau. Zai yiwu wannan shi ne lokacin da shirin na gina aikin siyasa da kuma hawan jagorancin kasar ya zama cikakke, saboda kawai ta wannan hanyar zai zama da amfani ga jama'a da kuma cimma adalci.

Tun da daɗewa shi ne Ministan Shari'a, shi ne shugaban Ofishin Tsaro na kasa (karkashin shugaban kasar Poland). A shekara ta 2001, tare da ɗan'uwansa, ya kafa kuma ya jagoranci wata ƙungiya da ake kira "Law and Justice". A gaskiya, waɗannan kalmomi guda biyu sun zama alamu da kuma babban maƙalarin motsi na wannan siyasa, wanda kawai ya wuce Lech zuwa gidan magajin garin Warsaw, Shekaru 4 - zuwa shugabancin kasar. A shekarar 2005, dukan duniya sun koyi cewa: "Lech Kaczynski shine shugaban Poland."

Mahimman ra'ayi da dabi'u

Sabuwar shugaban Poland na kira ga dimokiradiyya kuma a kowace hanya ta kare shi, amma a lokaci guda yayi kokarin sake komawa rayuwar zamantakewa da ka'idodin Kirista da dabi'u na tsohuwar kakanni. Saboda haka, har yanzu yana magajin garin, ba wai kawai ya fito fili ya yi musayar auren jima'i da jima'i ba, amma har ma ya haramta izinin zama a Warsaw. Shugaba Kaczynski kuma ya yi tsayayya da zubar da ciki da kuma euthanasia, amma a lokaci guda ya goyi bayan kisa a matsayin ma'auni na hana masu aikata mugunta.

Mutane da yawa sun gaskata cewa bayan nasarar da aka gudanar a cikin za ~ en, gwamnati ba ta jagoranci ba ne, amma dukan 'yan Kaczynski. Kuma wannan ba abin mamaki ba ne, domin akwai wani dan uwan da ke kusa, wanda ba kawai ya jagoranci jam'iyyun siyasa ba a majalisar dattijai, amma daga bisani ya zama firaminista.

A cikin al'ummar Turai ta zamani, siffar Kaczynski an yi la'akari da matsala. Kuma wannan shi ne mahimmanci saboda dangantakar da Rasha ta hanyar mummunan bala'i a Katyn da kuma gina ginin gas na Baltic. Bugu da} ari, nazarin ayyukan da Rashawa ke yi a lokacin abubuwan da suka faru a Kudu Ossetia, da kuma nuna goyon baya ga gwamnatin Georgia, mai yiwuwa ya ba da gudummawa ga ƙididdigar ka'idar Kaczynski.

Yana yiwuwa cewa wani sashi a cikin al'amurran siyasa na Mr Kaczynski taka lokacin da sanya hannu kan 2008 jawabi a kan tallafi na Ukraine da Georgia cikin kungiyar tsaro ta NATO. Bugu da} ari, Lev Kaczynski ya amince da irin yadda ake aiwatar da makamai masu linzami na {asar Amirka, a yankin {asar Poland, wanda ya haifar da rashin fahimta game da {asar Rasha. A wannan lokacin, Dmitry Medvedev ya yi alkawarin cewa, Rasha za ta shirya tsarin Iskander a yankin Kaliningrad. Kuma wanda ya san shekaru kadan baya Lech Kaczynski zai halaka. Rashin haɗarin jirgin saman jirgin saman, wanda dukkanin masu mulki na kasar zasu halarta, ya zama abin mamaki.

Mutuwar ban mamaki

Da safe ranar 10 ga Afrilu, 2010, mummunan hadarin jirgin saman ya kusa da Smolensk. Rashin Lech Kaczynski ya zama mummunan bala'i. A cikin jirgi, ban da shugaban Poland, akwai mutane 95 da suka hada da matarsa da kuma "manyan" 'yan majalisa (wakilai da' yan majalisar dattijai). Abin takaici, ba mutum guda da zai iya tsira ba.

Bisa labarin da jami'ai suka bayar, jirgin ya fadi ne kawai daga mita 300 daga cikin jirgin sama na soja na Rasha - Arewa. Kamar yadda ake sa ran, saboda dalilan da ba a sani ba, a cikin yanayin mummunan ganuwa saboda ƙananan harshe, an aika jirgin don saukowa kuma ya taɓa itacen lokacin shigarwa, wanda shine dalilin da ya fadi. Kusan nan da nan, shugaban Rasha ya umurci kafa ƙungiya don bincika abubuwan da ke haddasa jirgin saman Lech Kaczynski.

Bisa ga masu lura da ido, babu wutar ko wani wuta a kan jirgin. Amma tasiri na tasirin jiragen sama a lokacin bazara ya kasance mai girma cewa a wani lokaci ɓangaren sutura na jirgin sama ya tashi, ba tare da damar samun ceto ba.

Harin jirgin saman ya kusa Smolensk

Abinda yake da damuwa yana kama da hadarin jirgin sama a filin jirgin saman Severny. Watakila, shi ne dalilin da ya sa mutuwar Lech Kaczynski ya kasance mafi yawan abin da ya faru. A cikin wannan bala'i akwai wasu tambayoyi fiye da amsoshin. Jama'a sun rasa hasara, ta yaya wannan zai faru da kuma wane ko wane ne yake da nasaba da wannan mummunan masifa: mummunar damuwa da yanayi ko ayyukan da aka tsara da kyau?

Bisa labarin da aka bayar, an ce, jirgin da ke dauke da shugaban kasar Poland ba shi da izini ya sauka. A wannan rana, filin jirgin sama ya rufe. Ma'aikatan sun yi shawarwari akai-akai don su sauka a Minsk ko Moscow, amma duk da haka, hukumar ta gudanar da hanyoyi masu yawa don zuwa filin jirgin sama na Smolensk. Akwai masifa.

Dangane da halin da ake ciki a halin yanzu, baza a saukar da wani jirgin sama mai dauke da jiragen sama wanda ke dauke da mutanen farko a cikin jirgin ba a filin jiragen sama na Smolensk "Severny". A cewar mazauna birnin, wannan filin jirgin saman wani tsarin soja ne nagari, wanda ba ya aiki na dogon lokaci. Duk da haka, ya kasance a nan bayan da ya ki bin tsarin da aka tsara da cewa an yi ƙoƙarin shuka shukiyar shugaban.

A cewar "wasu" mutane, wannan filin jirgin saman ya kasance a cikin wani "dakatar da" jihar. Daga cikin ma'aikatan da suka halarci kulawar filin jiragen sama, akwai 'yan ma'aikata ne kawai da suka shiga cikin rike da hanyoyi a yanayin fasaha mai kyau. A cewar su, duk da cewa filin jirgin sama yana kusa kusa da birnin, a kan wannan tsiri da wuya sauƙi jirgin sama. Kuma wakilan ma'aikatar tsaron kasar Rasha sun bayyana cewa filin jirgin saman yana aiki da tsari kuma yana aiki daidai. Kuma zuwa wannan tashar jiragen sama Lech Kaczynski ya isa ƙasar 2007 don ziyarci taron tunawa da Katney.

Funerals

Don haka Lech Kaczynski ya mutu (ba za mu iya buga hotuna na jikin ga dalilan da aka sani ba). Amma a cikin kafofin yada labaran, binnewar da aka binne shi. Kuma wancan yana da ban sha'awa. Idan ka dubi hotunan jana'izar, zamu iya jin dadi. Yaya ya faru da cewa Kaczynski ya yi hasãra, amma kamar nan ya tafi cikin jana'izar jana'izar? Wannan ɗan'uwana ne.

Bayanan tarihi: bincike na aikin TU-154

Bari mu dubi dalilin da ya sa Lech Kaczynski ya mutu. Wani hadarin jirgin sama wanda ya faru a kan Smolensk - wata alama ce ko daidaituwa? Wani ɓangare na masu karatu zai iya samun ra'ayi na ainihi game da dalilin da ya sa jirgin sama ya fadi. Duk da haka, kada ku dogara da amincin waɗannan na'urorin. Tun daga shekara ta 2001, wadannan jiragen sama suna tare da jerin haɗari. Misali ne a shekarar 2001, lokacin da jirgin ya biyo bayan Tehran zuwa birnin Yerevan. A cewar binciken karshe na binciken, an kashe mutane 153, kuma bisa ga ra'ayin masana, kuskuren matasan jirgin shine dalilin da faduwar jirgin ya faru.

Sauran hadarin iska uku da suka faru a shekara ta 2001. Bisa ga binciken da aka gudanar, an kashe mutane 145, 136 da 78, ciki har da mambobi. A wannan yanayin, bisa ga labaran labaran, dalilin hadarin jirgin sama a cikin lambobi guda biyu shi ne kuskuren 'yan jirgin da kuma matukan jirgi, kuma a wani lokuta ne jirgin ya fadi saboda gaskiyar cewa an yi watsi da wannan rukuni a yayin da ake aiki da dakarun.

A 2002, akwai biyu jirage karo. A farko daga cikin wadannan faru, kamar yadda da gwani ra'ayi, saboda wani fasaha laifi. Amma karo na biyu ya faru, a fili, saboda kuskuren masu aikawa ko jirgin sama na atomatik, yayin da aka yi karo tare da "Boeing" a tsawon mita dubu 12.

A kan wannan, ana iya cewa, lalacewar 154 ya ƙare, sai dai yanayin da ya faru yayin da aka tashi daga jiragen sama a ranar 24 ga Agusta, 2004. A wannan lokacin, shiga jirgin sama a cikin iska daga "Siberia" da kuma "Volga-Aviaexpress" jiragen sama kusan lokaci guda sunyi aiki da wasu na'urori masu fashewa guda biyu waɗanda aka kai a cikin fasinjoji-masu kisan kai. A sakamakon bala'o'i, an kashe dukkan fasinjoji (46 da 44).

A shekara ta 2006, saboda shiga cikin mummunan gaba, kwamitin TU-154, wanda ya tashi daga Anapa-St Petersburg, ya fadi. Bayan da jirgin ya rasa iko, sai ya shiga cikin kullun da ya fadi. Dukan fasinjojin jirgin sun mutu (mutane 169, 49 daga cikinsu yara da 10 mambobi).

Tabbas, batun batun hadarin jirgin saman Smolensk ya kasance a bude, da kuma mutuwar Lech Kaczynski. Wannan mummunan lamarin, bisa sakamakon sakamakon farko da aka samu, ya haifar da kuskuren 'yan direbobi. Ana ganin cewa matukan jirgin sama na TU-154 basu da cancanta kuma kawai "ba su san yadda za su" tashi a kan wadannan na'urorin ba, tun da duk haɗari sun faru saboda laifin ma'aikatan. Kuma watakila wadannan jirgin sama management ne quite wuya ga sauki sifirin jiragen sama matukan jirgi iya tashi a kan su? Abu na uku, wanda za'a iya bayyana - yana yiwuwa yiwuwar aikin jirgin sama ba ya aiki da yawa na sarrafa algorithms wanda aka saka a ciki, ko kuma basu da tasiri a cikin yanayi mai tsanani.

Makamin mutane

Kada kuyi tunanin cewa mutane, har ma daga wata jihohi, sun manta da siyasa da shugaban Poland. Kwana huɗu bayan hadarin jirgin sama a Ukraine, wani titi mai suna Lech Kaczynski ya bayyana. Odessa ta bayyana wannan ta'aziyya ga irin wannan mummunan lamarin da ya faru kuma ya ba da gudummawa ga tunawar shugaban kasar Poland. Wajibi ne a ce cewa ba aikin nunawa ba ne, amma kusan shawarar ɗaya daga cikin wakilai na Majalisar Dinkin Duniya na Odessa, wanda ya sami goyon baya a cikin muryoyin talakawa - mazauna birnin.

Shafin Farko

Domin yau batun shine ainihin, saboda babu wata mahimmanci game da dalilin mutuwar mutanen farko na jihar. Mene ne labarai ke nuna halin da ake ciki? Lech Kaczynski (2015 - ranar tunawa ta biyar na mutuwar shugaban) ya fadi a kusa da Smolensk. Babu wanda ya tsira. Amma Jihar Poland na ci gaba da bincika abubuwan da ke haddasa hadarin. Ba duka an gudanar da gwaje-gwajen ba, kuma ba dukkanin maƙasudin da aka yanke ba game da dalilai. A cewar sanarwar ma'aikatar, Poland ta ci gaba da bincikar wannan bala'in har tsawon wata shida, bayan da ya dakatar da sanarwar karshe game da hadarin da ya faru a ranar 10 ga Afrilu, 2016.

A wani gefen kuma, game da tambayoyin da suka shafi "tambayoyi" da aka fi sani da bincike, wakilai na wakilai na kasar Poland sun ce ba su samu ƙarin ƙididdiga daga masana masu binciken wannan bala'in ba.

Yaren Poland ya sanar da cewa an tattara littattafan littattafai 650 game da masifar, wadda ta kasance a bude, da kuma 120 littattafai na samfurin don kunkuntar kungiya, wato, asirin asiri.

Tsarin ƙarshe

Ba'a iya kiran maƙasudin ƙarshe ba. A gaskiya, babu wata yarjejeniya a kan yadda mutuwar Lech Kaczynski ya faru. Babu shakka, ya kamata mutum ya yarda da cewa wannan lamarin ya faru ne a wata hanyar da ba ta da wata hanya kuma bai dauki wani adawa na siyasa ba. Binciken da dama da kuma ra'ayoyin da ba su nuna ba a fili cewa a gaskiya za a iya zama tushen siyasa ga yanayin da ya faru. Haka ne, mai yawa maras fahimta. Hanya ta musamman tare da mutanen farko na jihar, ƙi a filin jiragen sama, tilasta sauka a filin jirgin sama wanda ba a kula da shi ba ... Amma duk da haka, wannan mummunan abu ne, ba ma talaka ba. Wane ne ya san, watakila shi ne yadda taurari ke ganawa a wannan sa'a a sama. Za mu jira a ranar 10 ga Afrilu ...