Sergey Pavlovich Diaghilev: bayyane, hoto, rayuwar sirri, abubuwan ban sha'awa

Sergei Pavlovich Diaghilev (1872-1929) - shahararren gidan wasan kwaikwayon da kuma hotunan Rasha. Ya kasance mai sukar kuma mahaliccin mujallar "Duniya na Art." Ya kasance cikin ƙungiyar "Rashanci Rasha" a Faransa, wato Paris. Sergei Pavlovich Diaghilev ne ya gano fasaha da yawa daga cikin masu fasaha. Kusan ya ciyar da dukan rayuwarsa da aka kebanta da farfaganda na ragamar Rasha a Yammacin Turai.

Tarihi

An haifi Sergei Pavlovich Diaghilev a cikin dangi mai daraja a ranar 31 ga Maris (bisa ga kalandar Julian ranar 19 ga Maris) a 1872. Uba - Pavel Pavlovich Diaghilev - jami'in. Haihuwar ita ce lardin Novgorod, wato garin Selishche. Dyagilev Sergey Pavlovich, wanda rayuwarsa ta kasance da hankali, ya girma ba tare da mahaifi ba. Lokacin haihuwa, mahaifiyar Diaghilev ta rasu.

Yara da iyali

Sergei Sergey Pavlovich yayi girma tare da mahaifiyarsa. Duk da haka, ta bi da shi da ƙauna ɗaya kamar 'ya'yanta. Wannan hali ya haifar da gaskiyar cewa mutuwar ɗan'uwansa don Diaghilev ya kasance mummunan bala'i. Wannan shi ne dalilin da cewa Sergei Pavlovich bai nemi komawa ga wurarensa ba.

Mahaifin wannan adadi ne mai daraja mai daraja. Ya kasance mukamin kwamandan kwamandojin. Duk da haka, bashi da yawa ya tilasta masa ya bar sojojin kuma ya motsa ya zauna a Perm. A wancan lokacin, wannan birni an dauke shi wani wuri mai nisa na kasar. Gidan iyali ya zama tsakiyar tsakiyar rayuwar Perm. Babu wani saki daga mutanen da suke so su ziyarci gidan Diaghilevs. Sau da yawa iyalin suna ciyar da maraice suna yin waƙa ga baƙi. Matasa Sergei Pavlovich Diaghilev kuma ya dauki darussan kiɗa. Bugu da ƙari, ya samu nasarar samun kyakkyawar ilimi. Bayan yaron ya koma St. Petersburg, bai kasance ba wanda ya fi dacewa da waɗanda suka zauna a can masanan. Sergei Pavlovich Diaghilev ya karanta sosai, fiye da mamakin 'yan uwansa.

Matasa

Diaghilev ya iya komawa babban birnin kasar Rasha a shekarar 1890. Sergei Pavlovich yana da mummunan bayyanar. Ya kasance kamar lardin talakawa, yana da jiki na babban mutum. Duk da haka, yana da ilimi sosai, da karantawa, da kuma sauƙin sadarwa a harsuna da dama. Duk wannan ya ba shi damar shiga cikin jami'a, wanda ya fara karatunsa. Ya yi karatu a Petersburg a Faculty of Law.

Gudanar da dalilai na doka da fikihu, dalibi ya fara sha'awar ayyukan wasan kwaikwayo da kuma wasan kwaikwayo. Sergei Pavlovich Diaghilev, wanda tarihinsa ya cika, ya fara kai darussan piano, har ma ya halarci aji a kotu. Ya kuma fara rubuta waƙa da kuma nazarin tarihin fasaha.

Tafiya ta farko a fadin Turai Diaghilev Sergei Pavlovich ya yi a lokacin bukukuwa. Yaron ya so ya nemi aikinsa da kuma aikin aikinsa. A wannan lokacin ya fara zama abokai da mutane da yawa sanannun mutane.

Harshen Jami'ar

Tun da Diaghilev ya kasance mai kyauta daga dabi'ar, ya gudanar da karatun shekaru shida a cikin shekaru hudu. A waɗannan shekarun, ya fara gane cewa dole ne ya cimma wani abu a rayuwa. Duk da ci gaban jami'a, Sergei Pavlovich Diaghilev, wanda rayuwarsa ta kasance mai ban sha'awa, ya fahimci cewa ba shi da sha'awar zama lauya. Bugu da ƙari, ya fara yin baftisma a cikin fasaha. Ba da daɗewa ba ya zaɓa wanda ya bar alama a kan al'adar Rasha. Ya fara inganta fasaha.

Ayyuka

Sergei Pavlovich Diaghilev, abubuwa masu ban sha'awa wadanda rayuwarsu zasu iya jawo hankalin mutane da yawa, sun fara shiga ayyukan zamantakewa. Gaba ɗaya, ana iya raba shi zuwa sassa daban-daban. Mataki na farko na rayuwarsa ya danganta da kafawar kungiyar "Duniya na Art." Ya bayyana a 1898, kuma an hade da wasu wasu lambobi. A shekara ta 1899 - 1904 ya zama mai edita tare da Benoit a cikin mujallar eponymous.

Ya karbi kuɗi daga manyan magoya bayansa, kuma Nicholas II kansa ya tallafa masa dan lokaci.

Dyagilev Sergey Pavlovich, wani ɗan gajeren labari game da abin da ba zai ba da cikakken bayani game da rayuwarsa ba, ya kuma fara da dama nune-nunen. An shirya kowane ɗayan su a matakin mafi girma.

Bayanai game da Rubuta da kuma aiki a "Yearbook of the Imperial Theaters"

A cikin wani lokaci na rayuwarsa, Diaghilev ya yanke shawarar ƙirƙirar ɗayan shafuka a kan masu zane-zane. Ba da daɗewa ba suka rubuta wani aiki a kan Repin, wanda, a tunaninsa, ya kusa da "Duniya na Art", maimakon na Wanderers. A wannan lokacin, kadan sun yi shakka cewa Repin bai samu kyautar ba na nuna hotunan gaskiya. Duk da haka, mafi yawan basu lura cewa mai zane ya fara sannu a hankali ya nuna mutumin ta amfani da fasahar zamani ba. Gwaninta ya kasance abin mamaki wanda Diaghilev ya gani, wanda aka tabbatar da shi a lokacin.

Hukumomi sun ga Sergei Pavlovich Diaghilev, wanda hotunansa yake gabatarwa a cikin labarin, ya cika da makamashi. Godiya ga wannan a cikin tsawon lokaci daga 1899 zuwa 1901 ya karbi sakon edita a cikin mujallar "Yearbook of the Imperial Theaters." Duk da haka, kamar yadda mutane da yawa suka sani, Diaghilev yana da nau'i mai mahimmanci, yakan kare ra'ayinsa, sau da yawa ya sa ya zama abin kunya. Bayan daya daga cikin rikice-rikice masu zafi, an kori Sergei Pavlovich kuma ya rasa damar yin aiki a hukumomin jama'a. Diaghilev Nicholas II, wanda ya tambayi Sakatariyar Taneyev ya dauke shi zuwa hidimarsa, ya shiga.

Sabbin ayyukan

Ayyukan da Diaghilev ke aiki a cikin shekaru goma da suka gabata, daina dakatar da shi. Yawancin lokaci na gaba yana ciyarwa a biranen garuruwan Rasha, inda yake nazari kuma ya tara kayan. Sun yanke shawara su gabatar da su ga masu karatu na Rasha. Ba da daɗewa sai ya fara magana da wasu abubuwa kafin mutane masu sha'awar, kuma ya rubuta wani bita game da aikin Levitsky. A wannan lokacin, ɗan wasan kwaikwayon bai sani ba. Shi ne Diaghilev wanda ya gano basirar Levitsky. Saboda wannan an gabatar da ita ga kyautar Uvarov.

Bugu da ari, ya yanke shawarar shirya wannan nuni, wanda zai gabatar da aikin masu fasaha daga 1705 zuwa 1905. Domin ya tattara tarin zane-zane dole ne ya zagaye da dama birane a Rasha. Ya gudanar da tattara ayyuka dubu shida. Har ila yau, Sergei Pavlovich ya so ya rubuta tarihin zane daga karni na XVIII. Amma bai iya cika wannan shirin ba. Tattalin zane-zane, Diaghilev ya iya yin nazarin zane na wannan lokaci.

Abin takaici, wannan nuni ba ya tsira na dogon lokaci. Bayan kammalawa na zane-zane, ba a ware ɗakunan musamman ba, kuma an ƙaddara su koma ga mawallafinsu. Yawancin waɗannan ayyukan sun rushe a lokacin juyin juya halin.

Tashin Turai

Diaghilev ya fara fahimtar cewa a Rasha ya yi duk abin da zai iya. A nan ya shirya zane-zane na farko, amma ba zai iya ci gaba da saki ba. Duk da haka, bai yi aiki ba don Sergei Pavlovich don ƙirƙirar gidan kayan gargajiya ta kasa a mahaifarsa, kuma ba a fahimci ra'ayoyin ban sha'awa game da wasan kwaikwayo na Rasha da wasan kwaikwayo ba.

A 1906 ya tafi ya ci Turai, ya shirya a Paris wani zane "hoton Rasha". Biye da su sune nune-nunen 'yan wasan Rasha a Venice, Berlin, da kuma Monte Carlo.

Wadannan zanga-zangar sune bude "kakar Rasha". Diaghilev ya ambata cewa a jikinsa jinin Bitrus Mai girma kansa yana gudana.Dan da Diaghilev Sergey Pavlovich ya yi ya kasance mai girma da yawa. Alal misali, a wasan kwaikwayo ya nuna cewa ya gudanar da hada zane, kiɗa, da kuma wasan kwaikwayo. Shi ne Diaghilev wanda ya koya wa mazaunan Faransanci ga gasar Rasha. Na gode masa makarantar ballet mafi kyau da ake ganin sun kasance Rasha. Bugu da ƙari, Diaghilev ya kawo wasu sababbin suna zuwa fasahar duniya. Ya bude wa] ansu masu rawa rawa - Václav Nijinsky, Leonid Myasin da sauransu. Shi ne wanda ya fara zama dan wasan ballet. Abin da ya jagoranci Diaghilev Sergei Pavlovich? Harkokinta ya zama karfi mai karfi wanda ke jagorancin jagorancin jagorancin kwarewa. Diaghilev dan ɗan kishili ne. Ya ƙaunaci maza, ya ƙaunace su, ya kasance cikin kulawa da masoyansa.

Hawan

Bayyanar da ayyukan Diaghilev a al'adun Turai sun faru a cikin matakai. Mataki na farko shi ne zane na zane-zane da 'yan wasan Rasha, da gumaka. A tsawon lokaci, ya fara bayyana alaƙa, ta hanyar da ya iya tsara wani babban wasan kwaikwayon na wake-wake na Rasha.

Daga bisani sai ya fara jawo hankalin masu rawa dan wasan Rasha zuwa bayyanuwa, kuma bayan shekara daya da rabi sai ya yanke shawara don ƙirƙirar kansa.

Lists na jawabai da Diaghilev yayi na ban mamaki. A shekara ta 1907, an shirya wasannin motsa jiki guda biyar, wadanda aka gudanar tare da irin wadannan masu kida irin su Shalyapin da Rachmaninov. A shekarar da aka biyo baya an yi jimillar nuna hotunan wasan kwaikwayo na Rasha. Shahararriyar "Boris Godunov" an kafa shi, kuma a 1909 Faransa ta ga "'yar Pskovian". Masu sauraren Faransanci sun yi farin ciki da wasanni, kusan dukkanin masu sauraren suka yi kururuwa da kuka.

Bayan wasan kwaikwayo na 1910, mata da dama sun fara yin salon gashi kamar yadda wadanda masu fasaha suka yi a lokacin wasanni.

Ballet nuna

Babban shahararren a Turai yana da ballets, wanda ke shirya Diaghilev. Shekaru ashirin, an nuna alamar sittin da takwas. Wasu daga cikinsu sun shiga cikin duniyar duniya, misali, "Firebird". Sergei Pavlovich ya iya bude duniya da dama masu fina-finai.

A baya a 1911, adadi ya tattara a cikin ƙungiyarsa mashawarrun dan wasan Moscow da St. Petersburg. A wani lokaci a lokaci, ya tafi tare da wasanni a Amurka. Ba da da ewa ba a yakin duniya na farko, kuma ba da daɗewa ba juyin juya halin 1917 ba. Duk waɗannan canje-canje sun hana ƙungiyar su dawo gida, amma ba su yi nufin su rabu ba.

Dukan abubuwan da Diaghilev ke gudanarwa suna nufin nasarar. Wannan shi ne yafi dacewa da karfi. Zai iya sauƙaƙe, ya rinjayi, ya yi wa abokansa goyon baya da sha'awarsa.

Kwanan nan

A karshen ɓangarorin rayuwarsa Diaghilev ya zama marar sha'awar ballet. Sabbin aikinsa yana tattara. Domin tsawon lokaci, Sergei Pavlovich ba shi da gida na dindindin. Duk da haka, a wani lokaci ya tsaya a Monaco. A nan ya fara tattarawa a gida abubuwan da suka fi dacewa da fasaha, da kuma wasu takardun baƙaƙe, littattafai, rubuce-rubuce da dai sauransu. Sergei Pavlovich ya fara matsaloli mai tsanani da kudi, da kuma dangantaka da wani mai ƙaunar Nijinsky.

Ya yi ƙoƙari ya ci gaba da dangantaka, kuma ya zauna a cikin rayuwar zamantakewa na shekaru ashirin.

A 1921, Diaghilev ya san cewa yana da ciwon sukari. Duk da haka, bai bi umarnin likita da abinci ba. Wannan ya haddasa cigaban furunculosis. Sakamakon ya kasance kamuwa da cuta, karuwa mai yawa a cikin zafin jiki. A wancan lokaci, penicillin bai riga ya bude ba, don haka cutar ta kasance mai hatsarin gaske. Agusta 7, 1929 yana da jinin jini. Kwanaki na gaba ba ya tashi daga gado ba, kuma a daren Agusta 19 yawan zazzabi ya kai kashi arba'in da ɗaya. Diaghilev ya fadi kuma ya mutu da asuba. An binne Sergey Pavlovich a Venice.

Rayuwa da rabo daga Diaghilev yana da ban mamaki. Duk lokacin da aka jefa shi tsakanin zabar wane al'ada ya kamata ya kasance - Rasha ko Turai. Ƙwararrun gwadawa, wanda kusan dukkanin suka sami nasara, sun kawo riba mai yawa ga Diaghilev, kazalika da sanin da ƙaunar jama'a. Ayyukansa sun rinjayi ba kawai Rasha kawai ba, har ma da dukan al'adun duniya.