Sedimentary kankara

Game da 75% na surface na duniya rufe sedimentary kankara. Wannan category hada da fiye da rabi daga cikin ma'adanai cirewa daga ciwon hanji na duniya. Su yafi mayar da hankali a kan nahiyoyi, shiryayye, kuma nahiyar gangara, da kuma kawai game da 15% ne a cikin kasa daga cikin teku.

Sedimentary kankara an kafa ta weathering kayayyakin da redeposition shaida abu zai fi dacewa a wani ruwa-ruwa matsakaici (wani lokacin a ƙasar), da kuma kankara a cikin tsari aiki. Yanayi na iya faruwa a hanyoyi daban-daban. Dangane da yanayi, emit daban-daban kungiyoyin na sedimentary kankara:

- clastic - ne sakamakon yafi jiki weathering, hijirarsa da kuma m redeposition daga cikin kayan.

- colloidal sediments - suna kafa a sakamakon da sinadaran bazuwar, tare da samuwar na colloidal mafita .

- chemogenic - kafa ta hazo daga ruwa-ruwa bayani a sakamakon sinadaran halayen ko lalacewa ta hanyar daban-daban haddasawa supersaturation mafita.

- biochemical - sakamakon sinadaran halayen faruwa tare da sa hannu na rayayyun kwayoyin halitta.

- biogenic ko organogenic - sakamakon da aiki kwayoyin.

Sau da yawa akwai alamun hada daban-daban kungiyoyin na sedimentary kankara. A rarrabuwa a sama yana nufin su zuwa wani daya kungiyar. Alal misali, farar ƙasa, wanda zai iya zama clastic, organogenic, chemogenic ko biochemical asalin, nasa biochemical jinsunan.

Bisa ga sinadaran abun da ke ciki na sedimentary kankara bambanta daga igneous dutse kafa manyan yawan gyara da kuma wani yafi hakan bambantawa. Wannan shi ne saboda abu domin su samuwar ake weathering kayayyakin na metamorphic, igneous kuma mazan sedimentary kankara, kazalika da gas da kuma narkar da a cikin halitta ruwa ma'adinai aka gyara, kwayoyin, sharar gida kayayyakin, da kayayyakin da volcanic eruptions da ko da wani ɓaɓɓake daga meteorites (msl, nickel baƙin ƙarfe bukukuwa ). Bugu da kari, a cikin abun da ke ciki sau da yawa samu burbushi na dogon-lãlãce rai - m Flora da fauna. Kullum, shekaru ne da shekaru da burbushin jinsuna da kansu, amma akwai fiye da zamanin da kwayoyin redeposited sharan.

Wasu breeds (diatomite, nummulitovye da kuma na daban-daban na farar ƙasa da sauransu), gabã ɗaya, hada da kwayoyin (biomorphic) ko su da wani ɓaɓɓake (detritusovye). A biomorphic (tselnorakovinnyh) burbushin gine-ginen da ake ware daga juna da dauri da sumunti (brachiopod rakushnyaka) ko daukana up a kan juna, forming wani irin zane girma (murjani ko na daban-daban na farar ƙasa). Detritusovye Tsarin aka kafa a cikin kududdufi ruwa da aikin lalata disturbances Shell ko a sakamakon ikon rayuwa da yara fragmenting harsashi ga manufar samar da abinci.

Sedimentary kankara suna kafa kamar haka: halakar da iyaye dutse da aka kafa a fara abu, wanda aka canjawa wuri zuwa ruwa, iska ko glaciers, sa'an nan ajiye a ƙasar surface da kasa na ruwa tasa. A sakamakon da aka hada da jũna aka gyara precipitate, gaba ɗaya ko partially cikakken da ruwa da kuma ciwon friable da porous tsarin. Wannan precipitate, modified tare da nassi na lokaci - da kuma a can ne a sedimentary dutse.

sedimentation aiwatar faruwa a ƙarƙashin rinjayar da sauyin yanayi da kuma tectonic tsarin mulki. A gumi yanayi (zafi da kuma gumi) sauyin yanayi samar silts, clays, diatomite, caustobioliths (burbushin habaka). M (bushe) zones halin farar ƙasa, gypsum, anhydrite, dutse gishiri. A folded yankuna tara m yadudduka na sedimentary kankara, halin da fasali kamar canzawa a cikin sarari da bambance bambancen abun da ke ciki na detritus. A dandamali, a maimakon haka, an ajiye sashen dutsen low ikon kankara tare da wani karin uniform abun da ke ciki na detritus.

Saboda gaskiya cewa yanayin sedimentation a baya ma'aunan kasa epochs kasance kusa da zamani, ko da kamar, a kan tushen da bayanai a kan rarraba sedimentary kankara a Duniya ta surface za a iya sake ƙirƙirarsu da paleotectonic PALEOGEOGRAPHY a duniya.