Me wannan masanin kimiyya kira zamba, mafi ciwon daji bincike?

"Kowa ya san cewa, mafi ciwon daji bincike ne sun fi mayar - zamba da cewa Manyan kungiyoyin tsunduma a wani cikakken binciken wannan matsala, ba yi da aikinsu ga mutane da suka goyi bayan su."

Ra'ayi iko masanin

The sama quote mallakar Linus Pauling (1901-1994), PhD da biyu-lokaci Nobel Prize a Chemistry. Wannan mutumin yana dauke su daya daga cikin mafi m masana kimiyya a tarihi. Shi ne kuma ya kafa yawa theories a jimla sunadarai da ilmin sanin kwayoyin halittu.

Scientist wani zakara na zaman lafiya a duniya. Sai aka tambaye shi ya jagoranci sunadarai sashen na Manhattan Project, amma ya ƙi. Shi ne kuma marubucin na alfarma da aiki a kan soja da fasaha, fiye da ya yi wani gagarumin taimako ga duniyar kimiyya. A sauri Google search zai zama isa, idan kana so wannan mutum don ƙarin bayani.

Da muhimmancin da masanin kimiyya a wani kimiyya ne babban. Kuma ya ba da kawai gwani a duniya, ya nuna shakka imani game da ciwon daji bincike.

A ka'idar zamba aka tabbatar

Ga wani babban misali na m quotes lõkacin da ta je kimiyya da zamba da kuma magudi. Ya zo daga Dr. Marcia Angell, wani likita wanda ya dade da aiki a matsayin shugaban edita na New England Medical Journal (NEMJ). Wannan mujallar nasa ne mafi babbar wallafe a duniyar magani.

"Yana da kawai ba zai yiwu ka yi imani a cikin asibiti karatu, rahotanni na wanda aka buga, ko kuma su dõgara a kan ra'ayi na mai Amintaccen kuma reputable likitoci shawarwari. Ina so in yarda cewa shi ne musamman m tare da wannan ƙarshe. Na zo wannan ƙarshe sannu a hankali da kuma ba tare da so a kan biyu shekarun da suka gabata a matsayin edita na New England Journal of Medicine », - in ji masanin kimiyya.

Jerin ne kullum updated tare da shakka

A cikin jerin m masana kimiyya da ba ta da iyaka. Dr. John Bayler yi aiki domin shekaru 20 a cikin jihar daga cikin National ciwon daji Cibiyar. The bincike ne ma tsohon shugaban edita na ta kansa mujallar. A masanin kimiyya ya sanya jama'a bayani: "My overall ra'ayi shi ne kasa shirin na yaki da ciwon daji ya kamata a rage girmanta. Duk da mu ciwon daji bincike domin shekaru 20 ya kasance a kan mayẽwa, na ci gaba da kasawa. " Ya kuma ambata cewa maganin ciwon daji a matsayin dukan kamata a daukarsa a faduwa wanwar.

Animal nazarin da ba m

da jama'a sha'awa shi ne gaskiya cewa mafi yawan kudin na bayar da zuwa ciwon daji bincike, da aka kashe a kan nazarin dabbobi. Wannan kimiyya aikin da yawa la'akari banza.

Alal misali, a 1981, Dr. Irwin Bross, tsohon darektan da Research Institute of Cancer Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center (most bincike cibiyar a duniya) ya ce: "A amfaninsa, mafi yawan karatu gudanar a ranar dabbobi, ba haka ba ne yadu da aka sani. Alal misali, an gano da tsoka jamiái domin lura da mutum ciwon daji aka positioned a kimiyya a matsayin babban rabo saboda amfani da kwaikwaiyo tsarin a dabbobi. Duk da haka, ko da a nan akwai karin gishiri tsammanin. A sakamakon da aka amince da ƙungiyar mutanen da suka samu tarayya kudi domin gudanar da bincike a kan dabbobi. Akwai sosai kananan adadin shaida, don tallafa wa wadannan akidun. Kusan duk da tsoka jamiái da aka samu a wani asibiti mahallin maimakon a cikin shakka daga gwaje-gwaje a kan dabbobi. "

A downside

Yau, da magani daga cututtuka yana da kudi abubuwan. Wannan sigar musamman riba masana'antu, amma kawai a lokacin da shi ne zuwa ga magani maimakon m ko warkewa hanyoyin, kuma shi ne quite wani muhimmin al'amari.

Wani quote cewa complements duk na sama bayani da aka yi da Dr. Dean Burke, an American Masanin kuma m sunadarai na National ciwon daji Cibiyar: "Lokacin da kana da ikon da da ba ka bukatar ka gaya gaskiya. Wannan mulki ne tasiri ga ƙarni da dama. Yana da kayyade hali na da yawa mutanen da suka fi son ba wa bude duk cards lokacin da zama a administrative matsayi. "

Aikinsa "Tabbatar da dalilin da dissociation constants na enzymes," da aka buga a cikin "Journal of American Chemical Society", shi ne daya daga cikin mafi akai-akai kawo sunayensu a matsayin wani misali na aiki a filin Biochemistry. The masanin kimiyya ma ya ce: "fluoride sa mafi mutuwar daga ciwon daji fiye da wani sauran sinadaran. Wannan shi ne daya daga cikin mafi tursasawa shaida a kimiyya da cewa na hadu a filin na ciwon daji bincike na tsawon shekaru 50. "

Kimiyya wanders a cikin duhu

Tare da a saki Janairu 15, 2015 Lancet mujallar, wanda ke dauke da manyan likita bazawa a Birtaniya, shugaban edita Richard Horton ce: "Mafi yawa daga cikin kimiyya wallafe-wallafe na iya kawai zama ba daidai ba. Kimiyya ya juya zuwa ga duhu. "

A shekarar 2005, Doktor Dzhon PA Ioannidis, shi ne a halin yanzu, Farfesa na cuta Rigakafin a Stanford University, da aka buga wata kasida yadu samuwa ga karanta a cikin archive na Jama'a Library (PLoS). Ta yi da asali suna "Me mafi buga bincike ya ne ƙarya."

Rahoton ya ce, masanin kimiyyar: "Akwai girma damuwa cewa mafiya yawa daga cikin buga sakamakon binciken na ciwon daji ne ƙarya."

pharmaceutical kamfanonin moriyar fi

M Cancer Center at dake Jihar Michigan University buga wani bincike cewa, ya nuna cewa rare bincike a cikin filin da ciwon daji pathologies ne ƙarya, kuma cewa da yawa daga cikin sakamakon da aka qirqiro. Wannan hujja ne bayyana da rikice-rikice na sha'awa.

Masana kimiyya sun bayar da shawarar cewa gurbata da sakamakon sadu da tsammanin daga cikin mafi girma Pharmaceutical hukumomi. A karshen, mafi yawan ciwon daji bincike da aka ƙara rura wutar ta kudi kai-tsaye zuwa gare su.

Akwai manyan adadin bayanai da cewa ya tabbatar da wannan ra'ayi, kuma da yawa zo daga mutane wanda aka kai tsaye da hannu a wadannan matakai. A gaskiya, babu rashin sahihanci a idanun kafofin cewa son ce cewa muna rayuwa a cikin duniyar kimiyya da zamba da kuma magudi.

Duk wannan za a iya dangana ga "corporatocracy" a cikin abin da muka samu kanmu a yau, a lokacin da giant hukumomi na zuwa zaži rukuni na "katange" mutane suka karbe iko da duniya, da dukan albarkatun.

Wannan ya bayyana cewa wasu marasa lafiya ayan madadin jiyya, kazalika da biyan kulawa ta musamman wajen rigakafin ciwon daji. Mutane da yawa daga cikin abubuwan da cewa kewaye da mu a cikin rayuwar yau da kullum, saboda da ciwon daji. Daga cikin provocateurs ciwon daji hada da magungunan kashe qwari, GMOs, wasu kayan shafawa, wani abinci, shan taba, barasa da kuma more. Yana da wani abu da cewa ba da gaske jaddada. Mu ne ko da yaushe kuskure a cikin tunanin cewa kyauta kudi don agaji da cewa gudanar da ciwon daji da bincike, za su ba mu damar samun daga matsalar, duk da cewa su yi ne sosai m.

A amfani da tabar wiwi da aka ba tabbatar

Duk da haka, mutane da yawa sun kasance nasara a madadin hanyoyin kwantar da hankali. Alal misali, cannabis ya ba mai kyau sakamakon a hade tare da mai da danyen rage cin abinci. Wasu mutane sun hada da shi a cikin shakka daga jiyyar cutar sankara.

The hukuma matsayi a kan cannabis - sarari misali na sosai yaudara ake magana a kai a cikin labarin. Its anti-ƙari kaddarorin da aka nuna ga shekarun da suka gabata, amma gwajinsu da aka gudanar.

A labarin da ya ba da wasu abinci ga tunani. Wannan bayani za a iya watsi da, amma ya kamata mu ba ki a makafi ido ga da yawa daga cikin hujjojin.