Sashen lokaci a shekara-shekara domin. A ma'aunan kasa tarihi na Duniya

A tarihin duniya Duniya ya kasance game da 7 shekaru biliyan. A wannan lokaci, mu gidan ya halartar gagarumin canje-canje, wadda ta kasance sakamako na canji na lokaci. Sashen lokaci jerin baƙaƙe bayyanãwa dukan tarihin duniya tun da aka kafa ta zuwa yau.

Sashen Chronology

A tarihin duniya, ya wakilta a matsayin aeons kungiyoyin lokaci da kuma lokaci ne da wasu Chronology harhada. A farko na kasa da kasa congresses binciken kasa da aka ɓullo musamman na shekara-shekara sikelin, wanda ya wakilci periodization na Duniya. Daga bisani, wannan zangon da aka wadãtar da sabon bayanai da kuma canja, a sakamakon yau ta nuna duk ma'aunan kasa lokaci a shekara-shekara domin.

The most raka'a a cikin wannan sikelin ne eonothem, dazamani ko lokaci.

samuwar Duniya

Ilmin tarihin kasa lokaci jerin baƙaƙe gano su asalin ga samuwar na duniya ne. Masana kimiyya zo ga ƙarshe cewa Duniya da aka kafa game da 4.5 biliyan shekaru da suka wuce. A sosai aiwatar da da samuwar ya kasance sosai tsawo da kuma iya fara wani 7 biliyan shekaru da suka wuce daga kananan sarari barbashi. A tsawon lokaci, da karfi na nauyi ya girma tare da shi qara gudun gawawwakin fadowa zuwa kunno duniya. Sanadin motsi makamashi da aka canza kama zuwa zafi, haddasa wata sauka a hankali Warming na Duniya.

Duniya ta core, a kan zato da masana kimiyya, da aka kafa a 'yan ɗari da shekaru miliyan, bayan da karɓa mai sanyaya na duniya. A halin yanzu, da narkakkiyar tsakiya ƙunshi 30% na taro na Duniya. Ci gaban sauran rufe duniya, bisa ga masana kimiyya, ba a gama ba tukuna.

Precambrian eon

A geochronology farko eon na Duniya da ake kira da Precambrian. Yana maida hankali ne akan 4.5 biliyan sau - miliyan 600 da suka wuce. Wancan ne, zaki ya share na duniya ta tarihi da aka rufe farko. Duk da haka, wannan eon raba wani m uku - Hadean, Archean, Proterozoic. Kuma sau da yawa na farko daga cikinsu shi ne mai zaman kanta eon.

A wannan lokaci, akwai samuwar ƙasa ta ɓawon burodi, ƙasar da kuma ruwa. Duk wannan ya faru a lokacin da volcanic aiki domin mafi yawan aeon. Billboards a duk faɗin duniya da aka kafa a cikin Precambrian, amma burbushi na rayuwa ne sosai rare.

Katarchean eon

A farkon tarihin duniya - rabin shekaru biliyan ta zama a wani kimiyya kira Katarchean. Na sama da iyaka da wannan aeon ne a kusa da biliyan 4 da suka wuce.

Almarar fa, tã yi mana a matsayin Hadean lokaci na aiki volcanic da geothermal canje-canje a duniya a surface. Duk da haka, a gaskiya wannan ba gaskiya ba ne.

Katarchean eon - wani lokaci a lokacin da volcanic aiki da aka ba da aka nuna shi, kuma ƙasa ta surface ne mai sanyi inhospitable hamada. Ko da yake akai-akai faru girgizar kasa, wanda smoothed wuri mai faɗi. A surface kama da duhu m primary abu mai rufi Layer regolite. Rana a lokacin lissafta kawai 6 hours.

Archean eon

Na biyu main eon na hudu ya tafi a kan for game da biliyan 1.5 shekaru a tarihin duniya - 4-2,5 biliyan shekaru da suka wuce. Sa'an nan ƙasar ya ba tukuna da wani yanayi, don haka rayuwa ba a can, amma a cikin wannan eon zo fitowan da kwayoyin cuta saboda da rashin oxygen, su ne anaerobic. A sakamakon ayyukan da muka yanzu da adibas na ma'adanai irin yadda baƙin ƙarfe, carbon, sulfur da nickel. A tarihin da kalmar "Archean" ta samo asali ne a 1872, a lokacin da shi samarwa sanannen American masanin kimiyya Yahaya. Dan. Archaean eon, sabanin baya daya, da aka halin high volcanic aiki da yashewa.

Proterozoic eon

Idan muka yi la'akari da yanki lokaci a shekara-shekara domin, na gaba shekaru biliyan dauki Proterozoic. Wannan zamani ne kuma halin high volcanic aiki da sedimentation, yashewa kuma kara kan manyan yankunan.

T an kafa. N. Takamaiman Baikalian nadawa. A halin yanzu, su ne kananan duwatsu a filayen. Rocks wannan eon ne sosai arziki a Mica, wadanda ba ferrous ores da na baƙin ƙarfe.

Ya kamata a lura da cewa a cikin Proterozoic lokacin da aka fara yin halitta mai rai - protozoa, algae da fungi. By ƙarshen aeon bayyana tsutsotsi, marine kwaro, mollusks.

A Phanerozoic eon

All ma'aunan kasa lokaci a shekara-shekara domin za a iya raba iri biyu - da overt da kuma gefen. Phanerozoic tana nufin bayyane. A wannan lokaci akwai babban adadin rayayyun kwayoyin halitta da ma'adinai skeletons. A zamanin gabanin da Phanerozoic, an kira da boye, saboda burbushi na shi kusan ba a samu saboda da rashin ma'adinai skeletons.

A karshe miliyan 600 shekaru na tarihi na duniya tamu kira Phanerozoic eon. A mafi muhimmanci abubuwan da suka faru na wannan eon - Cambrian, wanda ya faru game da 540 miliyan shekaru da suka wuce, da kuma biyar manyan extinctions a duniya ta tarihi.

A zamanin da Precambrian eon

A lokacin Katarchean da Archean babu karbuwa a duniya dazamani da lokutan, saboda haka za mu yi tsalle su ga shawara.

Proterozoic ma kunshi uku babbar dazamani:

Palaeoproterozoic - .. R e tsoho hada da siderite, riasiysky lokaci oroziry da stater. By karshen wannan zamanin, da oxygen taro a cikin yanayi da ya kai na yanzu matakin.

Mesoproterozoic - talakawan. Ya kunshi uku lokaci - Kalima, ectasia da katangu. A wannan zamanin, na algae da kwayoyin sun kai ganiya ta ci gaba.

Neoproterozoic - sabon, kunsha na Tonia, cryogenic da Ediacaria. A wannan lokaci, da samuwar na farko supercontinent - Rodinia, amma sa'an nan suka koma farantin. A coldest kankara shekaru ya faru a cikin wani zamanin da ake kira Mesoproterozoic, a lokacin da bayar da umarnin rike mafi na duniya.

A zamanin da Phanerozoic eon

Wannan eon ne zuwa kashi uku manyan epochs, bambanta ƙwarai daga juna:

Paleozoic, ko zamanin da zamanin da rai. Yana fara game da miliyan 600 da suka wuce, kuma ya ƙare 230 da miliyan da suka wuce. PALEOZOIC kunshi 7 lokaci:

1. Cambrian (a kan Earth kafa temperate sauyin yanayi, wuri mai faɗi da filayen kwari, a cikin wannan lokaci ne da fitowan na zamani iri dabbobi).
2. Ordovician (sauyin yanayi a ko'ina cikin duniya dumi isa, ko da a Antarctica, ƙasar ma nutsa. Faruwa bayyanar da farko kifi).
3. Silurian lokaci (akwai wani samuwar manyan m tekuna, da filayen kwari suna zama drier saboda tadawa na ƙasar. Gudana cin kifi. Silurian lokaci alama na farko bayyanar kwari).
4. Devon (aukuwa na farko halittar dabba mai kafafuwa da gandun daji).
5. Lower Carboniferous (mamayar ferns, baza sharks).
6. Upper da kuma tsakiyar carbon (bayyanar da farko masu rarrafe).
7. Perm (mafi tsoho dabba mutu).

Mesozoic, ko lokacin dabbobi masu rarrafe. A ma'aunan kasa tarihi na da Mesozoic Era ne zuwa kashi uku lokaci:

1. Trias (dadaddun iri ferns, gymnosperms mamaye, akwai na farko dinosaur da masu shayarwa).
2. Jura (na Turai da kuma yammacin Amurka da aka rufe da m tekuna, da fitowan na farko toothed tsuntsaye).
3. Mel (bayyanar Maple da kuma itacen oak dazuzzuka, kuma mafi girma ci gaban da nau'i nau'i na dinosaur, kuma toothed tsuntsaye).

Cenozoic, ko lokacin dabbobi masu shayarwa. Ya kunshi biyu lokaci:

1. Mai zurfi. A farkon lokaci na yara da kuma ungulates isa su alfijir, da sauyin yanayi ne dumi. Akwai matsakaicin yaduwar gandun daji, tsoho dabbobi masu shayarwa suna mutuwa. Aƙalla miliyan 25 da suka wuce, akwai birai, da kuma mutumin bayyana a cikin Pliocene.
2. Quaternary. Pleistocene - manyan dabbobi masu shayarwa zama dadaddun, al'ummar dan Adam da aka haife, akwai wani 4 glacial lokaci, da yawa dadaddun nau'in. A zamani shekaru - karshen na karshe kankara shekaru, da sauyin yanayi da hankali zama ba form. A primacy na mutum a kan dukan duniya.

A ma'aunan kasa tarihi na duniya yana mai tsawo da kuma sabanin ci gaba. Wannan tsari ya sa da dama extinctions na rayayyun kwayoyin halitta maimaita glacial lokaci kiyaye lokaci na high volcanic aiki sun shekaru mulkin daban-daban kwayoyin, daga kwayoyin da mutane. A tarihin duniya ta fara game 7 biliyan shekaru da suka wuce, shi ya kafa game da 4.5 biliyan shekaru da suka wuce, da kuma kawai kasa da shekaru miliyan da suka wuce, mutumin ya daina zama gasa a cikin dukan yanayi.