Romanov daular. Gashi na makamai da Romanovs (B. V. Kene)

Sarakunan Romanovs - tsohuwar Moscow boyar iyali. Andrei Ivanovich Mare - na farko ake magana a magabacin nan gaba daga gidan sarauta, da daular. Ya rayu a cikin XIV karni da kuma aiki a matsayin Grand Duke Vladimir da kuma Moscow Saminu da Proud, da babban dan Ivana Kality. Andrei Mare, tare da Alexei Bosovolkovym, amsa a matsayin tsaka a ƙarshe na wani aure tsakanin sarkin Moscow da kuma Mariey Aleksandrovnoy, 'yar sarkin Tver. A ofishin jakadancin ya yi nasara.

Game da Andrew mares a cikin tarihin ba da aka ambata, amma an san cewa zuriyarsa ci gaba da bauta wa Moscow sarakuna. 'Ya'yansa maza ya zama magabatan kalakala, amma ta Fyodor Cats kuma dauki Romanov tsars. Sunan kanta da aka gada daga praprapravnuka Andrei Mares - Romana Yurevicha Zaharina, quite shahara majalisarsa da kuma mahukunta. 'Yarsa, Anastasia Romanovna, da farko kuma mafi sõyuwa matar Ivan IV da Munin.

Yadu da aka sani cewa Anastasia irin da m disposition ko da yaushe kange mijinta. Wannan ta mutuwa aka narkar zaba murna da aggravated sarki shakka daga boyars. Dan Jurevny Anastasia ya Fedor Nikitich Romanov, hali ne mai muhimmanci a Rasha tarihi. Shi ya dauki wani aiki sashi a harkokin siyasa a lokacin matsaloli, ya aka tilas tonsured wani m Borisom Godunovym.

Lokacin da farkon sarautar da Romanovs? Yadda ya da shi? Nawa šauki? Duk wadannan tambayoyi za ka sami amsoshi a cikin labarin.

A zaben na Mikhail Romanov kan karaga

Zamani a tarihi, a lokacin da zamanin da Romanovs, ya mai wuya da kuma jini. A Rasha a karshen XVI taso desolating, debilitating Smoot. Dan Ivana Groznogo, Fyodor mutu bai bar, da ɗan'uwansa Dmitri aka kashe a Uglich, wani Ivan Ivanovich, ya mutu a lokacin mahaifinsa rayuwa. Yanke short da Rurik daular, akwai wani dynastic rikicin. Next shi ne m canji na gwamnati, aiki Godunov da Shuisky ba sa iya rike kursiyin. Shi ne ya kamata a lura da cewa mutane sun ƙi sabon sarakuna, ba kawai saboda su gaza manufofin, amma saboda Godunov da Shuisky aka zabe shugabanni kada su gaji gadon sarautar.

Kamar alãmõmin tsõro a Zemsky Sobor a 1613, wanda sake zo da fore da tambaya na daular mulkinsu. Mun ya zabi wani mutum wanda ya ba da kansa tarnished sunan a lokacin da matsaloli. Yana da daraja a biya haraji ga Cossacks, wanda taka babbar rawa a zaben na Mikhail Romanov. Ba wai kawai cewa, suna da lamba magabaci, da Cossacks zauna ba mai sãkẽwa ba. Prince Troubetzkoy, so don samun kursiyin, kada skimp, mirgine takwarorina samu magoya baya daga cikin Cossacks. Su, bi da bi, ba ki da kyautai, amma ba gefe da yarima.

Har ila yau babbar rawa a zabin da Mikhail Fedorovich taka leda ba ƙãƙalen faɗarsa ga kursiyin a Moscow, kamar yadda shi zai iya kai wa ga wata masifa, da kuma rushe da Zemsky Sobor. Boyars Romanov amince da takarar, saboda sun yi imani da cewa shi ne matasa (a lokacin da yaro ya 16 years old), kuma za ta zama "sarkin aljihu", wani yar tsana a hannuwansu. Lokacin da aka yanke shawarar zuwa tambayi kwamitin ya dauki Mikhail Fedorovich, ya tuna game da dangantakarsa da Rurik daular kamar yadda tsohonsa, , sarki Filaret ne a dan uwan na Tsar Fedor Ivanovich.

A labari na asalin daular

Menene alama na Romanov iyali? Kafin mu yi magana game da shi, bari mu koyi da labari na asalin na daular Qing.

A farkon karni na XVI version of isowa daga cikin Vikings zuwa Rasha, ta tashi, a cikin "Tale of bygone Years", shi ne ba yadda aka nakalto, kuma shi ne a cikin wata hanya ƙarfafa kasa da kasa girma na Rasha. A daidai wannan lokaci, akwai ka'idar "Moscow - Uku Roma", don ƙarfafa kasar matsayin a matsayin cibiyar na Orthodoxy. Mun zo ne mu up tare da labari na pedigree na mulki daular. Yadu da aka sani ga Roman wato Augustus. A cewar labari, danginsa, Prus, aka aika zuwa Turai domin ci gaban ƙasar da kafa jihar. Sai ya wãyi gari Sarkin Prussia, kuma shi aka sau daya sanaki Slavs.

Zuriyar Prus fara fadada da ƙasa a gabas, sun haka an yi hukunci da kuma Rasha asashe. Saboda haka akwai da Rurik daular. Amma wannan labari ake dangantawa da Romanovs? Very sauki. A 1722 Bitrus I ma yanke shawarar amince da amincewar da su ikon da "enrichment" na pedigree. Sarkin sarakuna wa'azi da shi ga ci gaba da wannan version of Sarkin makamai Stepan Andreyevich Kolycheva. Yanzu an zaci cewa a lokacin da Roman Empire (373 ko 305 shekara), Sarki na Prussia Prouty shige cikin mallaka na mulkin wa ɗan'uwansa Veydevutu, kuma sai ya tafi da arna birni Romanov, inda ya aka girmama matsayin Babban Firist. The yarjejeniya da aka located a kan bankunan na Dubissy da Nevyazhi inda bugawa ta size oak girma. Kafin mutuwarsa, da mulkin Veydevut kasu kashi da dama sassa.

Daya daga cikin 'ya'yansa, Nedron, ya ci sarauta a zhmudskih ƙasashe (da ƙasa na zamani Lithuania). Arnuka bayan haka, a cikin XIII karni, zuriyar Nedrona, gland shine yake Cambio, ya zo Rasha, inda ya yi aiki a matsayin na farko Prince of Moscow, Daniilu Aleksandrovichu. Akwai ya zama Kirista, da kuma ta farko sunan wani sunan barkwanci - mares. Babu shakka, wadannan juyi ne ba gaskiya ba ne, da yawa yunkurin masana tarihi su tabbatar da amincin amma a banza. Duk da haka, da yawa daga cikin shugabannin da Romanov daular kasance, haƙĩƙa, mai girma, magana game da mafi muhimmanci na wanda za a tattauna a kasa.

Mihaila Fedorovicha Romanova sarautar

Mikhail Fedorovich mulki 1613 zuwa 1645. Ya yi wuya aiki - don daidaita halin da ake ciki a kasar, fatattakakkun bayan da matsaloli. Tsaya jayayya a kan shugabanni. "Vorenok Ivashka" dan arya Dmitry II, wanda zai yi amfani da Accession na wani sabon monarch m, aka kashe. Kafaffen guzuri pretenders da Rasha kursiyin. Da farko, nasarar da aka da kasashen waje da manufofin da Michael. A 1617 ya kammala Stolbovsky zaman lafiya tare da Sweden, da aka koma zuwa Novgorod a wadda Rasha. A 1618 wata yarjejeniya da aka sanya hannu Deulino da Poland, wanda zai kai ga halin da ake ciki a ciki saboda babu hadari daga waje. Duk da haka, a cikin Smolensk War (1632-1634) Rasha da aka ci.

Alexis

A zamanin mulkin Alexei Mikhailovich, akwai lokatan da yawa muhimmanci events, amma sarki ne a cikin inuwar ɗansa, Peter na da girma. Ko da yake Alexis aka yi wa lakabi da quietest, yana da shekaru da sarautar kira "buntashnym". A wannan lokaci lokaci (1645-1676) fadi da dama gagarumin m damunsu: Salt Riot (1648), Copper Riot (1662) da kuma baƙauye yaki jagorancin Stepan Razin (1670-1671). Saboda abubuwan da suka faru na farko code na dokokin da aka soma - Conciliar The Code (1649), bisa ga abin da bin doka rajista serfdom. Shahararren domin yin gyare-gyare na sarki Nikon, wanda ya so ya daidaita addini ayyukan hajji da kuma littattafan da Greek ainihin. Ko da yake gyara matakan bai isa a kula (sa mahada troeperstiem, rubuta sunan Yesu, da sauransu. D.) Su ma sa da yawa daga damunsu cikin mutane.

Peter na A.

Kowa ya sani na farko Rasha sarki, mai girma kawo canji da kuma talented kwamandan - Bitrus I Alekseevich. A farko m matakai zama sarki Azov kamfen, godiya ga wanda Rasha tsiwirwirinsu samun Tekun Azov da Great ofishin jakadancin, a cikin abin da Peter kansa ya dauki wani aiki sashi. Rasha ta soma da yawa Turai kwastan, da kuma kafa Arewa Alliance for a yaki da Sweden. A lokacin babban Arewa War (1700-1721) Rasha tsiwirwirinsu damar zuwa Baltic Sea kuma ya samu matsayi na daular. Da dama canje Peter gudummawar da saurin ci gaban da tsarin jari hujja a kasar, ilimi, al'adu, kimiyya, da sauransu. D.

Catherine II Alexeyevna

Peter na samu wani tsari na jũna, bisa ga abin da monarch nada wani magaji, amma sarki bai yi lokaci zuwa jefa a wannan batun, wanda ya kai ga ma'abũcin fada juyin mulki a wadda 'yan takara na kursiyin, da dogaro a kan Guard, kwace mulki. Mafi yawansu sun kasance iya hawa, amma wannan ba gaskiya ba ne na Ekaterina II, matar da Rasha mutane ƙi Peter III, jikan Peter I. kuma waje, kuma ciki manufofin Catherine za a iya bayyana a matsayin nasara. Ta secularized coci ƙasashe (1764), ya soke hetman a Ukraine (1764), ta gudanar da wani gyara na Majalisar Dattijan (1763), lardin (1775), birni (1785). Yafi da sakamakon kasashen waje da manufofin da aka kafin su sami damar yin amfani da Black Sea da Accession na Crimean sashin.

Alexander I Pavlovich

Alexander I - a wajen kawo rigima adadi a Rasha tarihi. A farkon sarautar Ahasurus ya alamar - Private kwamitin, wanda ya hada da kimanin sarki bayar da umarni a kan siyasa afuwa (1801), da canji na katakan na ma'aikatar (1802), a kan free cultivators (1803). A 1812, Rasha ta lashe babbar nasara a cikin yaki, da na kasa da kasa dalĩli ikon ƙarfafa. Amma a cikin biyu da rabi na mulkin Alexander da masu sassaucin ra'ayi ra'ayin mazan jiya hali ya canja, da kuma cewa ya kasance daya daga cikin Sanadin wannan yunkuri na Decembrists a 1825.

Alexander II Nikolaevich

Liberator Alexander II kira ga manyan sauye-sauye da za'ayi a cikin 1861, - na kauda tashe serfdom. Wannan lokacin da Alexander II na Romanov iyali gashi na makamai da aka halitta, wanda da za a tattauna a kasa. By lokacin mulkinsa, da yawa canje-canje da aka aiwatar: da kotun (1864), a gundumar (1864), birni (1870), da sojoji (1861-1874) da kuma sauran sauye-sauye. Duk da haka, babban gidan wuta, da aka kashe a 1881 narodovolnikom A. I. Zhelyabovym.

Last Romanov

A Nicholas II ta sarautar da shi yana da wuya lokaci. mai yawa jini da aka zubar a lokacin da bala'i a Khodynka Field (1894), a cikin Rasha-Japanese War (1904-1905), a cikin juyin juya halin (1905-1907), yakin duniya na (1914-1918) da kuma a cikin Fabrairu juyin juya halin (1917). Duk da haka, a zamanin mulkin Nicholas akwai wani babban karuwa a yawan jama'a, haraji suna daga cikin mafi ƙasƙanci a Turai, a hannun manoma ya game da 80% na arable ƙasar. Abin baƙin ciki, da rashin mai kauri hannunka sarki gazawar a kasashen waje da manufofin da wani karfi da tasiri da m Grigory Rasputin kai ga kifar da Sarkin sarakuna a watan Maris 1917 da kuma harbe shi tare da iyali na gaba rani. Da shi shi ne na karshe Romanov daular ya daina wanzuwa.

The kafa na Rasha archaeological Society

Berngard Vasilevich Kene - manyan heraldist da Rasha Empire, ya kafa na Rasha archaeological Society. A nasa himma, umurnin gerbotvorchestva a Rasha da aka gudanar. A 1857, Baron Koehne kafa dokoki da isharori Popular. Bernhard shi ne na biyu mahaliccin da Big alama na Rasha Empire da iyali dagi na Romanov daular.

Gashi na makamai da Romanovs: tarihin

Tun zuwa ga iko a 1613, duk cikin shugabannin Romanov daular amfani Dagin, wanda ya siffanta wata biyu-gangarawa mikiya. Amma da 60-s na XIX karni, Alexander II ya so ya halicci wani sirri alama. Yadda iyali gashi na makamai da Romanov daular? Ga ta da asali kuwa shi ne alama na Romanov boyars. Amma akwai ma wata alama ce Holstein-Gottorp-Romanov, a matsayin kai tsaye namiji reshe na daular yanke takaice a 1730 tare da mutuwar da Bitrus I jikan, Bitrus II, da kuma mata - a 1761 da mutuwar 'yarsa Elizabeth. A farko wakilin na daular Qing na Holstein-Gottorp-Romanov Bitrus III. Uwarsa, Anna, 'yar Petra Velikogo, da kuma mahaifinsa, Karl Friedrich, shi ne Duke na Holstein-Gottorp. Bitrus, a fili, ba su da lokacin da za a warware da shari'a sunan daular, da kuma matarsa, Catherine II, ba jawo hankalin da yawa da hankali m batun, saboda da farko da wuri a kan kursiyin ya kyawawan mawuyacin halin.

Alamun alama-Holstein Gottorp-Romanov

Menene gashi na makamai da Romanovs? The darajar yake a fili: shi ne iko.

A garkuwa da aka kasu kashi biyu. Dama gashi na makamai da Romanovs. Yana depicts ja wuyansa, rike a fika takobi da garkuwa. A mafi muhimmanci, daki-daki - da kadan baki mikiya zaune a kan wani jirgin. A gefen gashi na makamai ado da zakuna kawunansu. An yi imani da cewa alama ce da Romanovs aka aro ta su daga alama na Livonia, a matsayin Griffin - wani adadi fairly kowa a Turai heraldry. Gashi na makamai na Schleswig-Holstein aka located a kan hagu da kuma ne zuwa kashi biyar sassa, baya daga wani kananan garkuwa a cibiyar. A gefen, za ka iya ganin gashi na makamai na Schleswig, Holstein gashi na makamai, gashi na makamai stormarnsky, gashi ditmarsensky. A ciki garkuwa ne kuma kasu kashi biyu: Oldenburg da delmengorstsky da isharori.

House na Romanov Boyars

House of Romanov a Cajin - kadai ginin da ya tsira daga babban kadarori na Romanovs. Mai yiwuwa, aka gina shi a cikin marigayi XVI karni. A cikin XIX karni, Alexander II ayyana cewa House zama gidan kayan gargajiya ne free to ziyarci. House of Romanov ne ma sananne ga cewa ganuwar ta ne a Griffin image na babban harafin da Romanov iyali.