Reich - a ... Uku Reich tarihi (takaice)

Na uku Reich - shi ne wani na sunan Jamus a cikin shekara-shekara lokacin daga spring 1933 zuwa May 1945. Duk da irin wannan gajeren rayuwa, ya taka muhimmiyar rawa a cikin tarihi na karni na karshe, barin da yawa har yanzu ba a warware asiri. Bari mu yi kokarin taƙaice bayyana mafi muhimmanci matakai na rabo na jihar a wancan lokacin. Hakika, ya kamata a fara daga lokacin da Hitler ya zo ikon, to tuna abin da ra'ayoyi da ya lashe a kan zukãtan yawa Jamusawa da guba zukatansu. Amma yaki - ba kawai abu cewa fitaccen dan siyasa. A karkashin ya reshe, ya tattara da yawa fice masana kimiyya da kuma ya ba su damar yin aiki da kuma ƙirƙirãwa. Wannan bayani ya yarda Jamus don samun mafi m fasaha na'urorin, godiya ga wanda kasar da sauri dawo dasu daga muguwar halaka.

Asalin sunan

Drittes Reich jumlar fassara daga Jamus nufin "Na uku Reich." Yana da ban sha'awa cewa wannan definition aka fassara a cikin Rasha a hanyoyi daban-daban. Kalmar "Reich" za a iya fassara a matsayin wani "jiha" da "daular", amma ya ne mafi kusa ga wannan wata ra'ayi kamar yadda "ikon". Amma ko da a cikin Jamus harshe, ya iya saya da wani sufi ma'ana. A cewar shi, da Reich - a "mulkin". Marubucin wannan ra'ayi shi ne Jamus shugaban Arthur Moeller Van Den Bruck.

Farko da na biyu Reich

Na uku Reich ... The lokaci ne saba zuwa kusan kowane mutum. Amma 'yan iya bayyana dalilin da ya bayyana da aka kira da cewa hanya. Me uku? Gaskiyar cewa Van Den Broek gane da maganar basa al'umma, wanda aka ɗauki cikinsa a matsayin Haven ga dukan Jamus mutane. Bisa ga ideas, da farko Reich - wani Roman Empire na Jamus Nation.

Ta rayuwa ta fara a cikin 962, da kuma aka katse a 1806 a sakamakon shan kashi, wanda ya sa ta zuwa Napoleon. Biyu Reich kira da Jamus Empire, halitta a 1871, a lokacin da dokoki na William I. Its tarihi ƙare bayan da 1918 juyin juya halin. Wannan shi ake kira da Kaiser ta Jamus. Amma Uku Reich, bisa ga Van Den Bruka, za a yi rauni gaje na Weimar Jamhuriyar, kuma ya kamata ya zama aminci. Riga da ra'ayin da ta dauki Adolf Hitler. Saboda haka, tarihi na Jamus, a takaice, kawai shige cikin m Reich.

A takaice dai tarihi

By marigayi 20 ta - farkon 30-ies. tattalin arzikin duniya da aka karkashin mulkin na duniya rikicin da ya gurgunta ciki har da Jamus. Tare da wannan kuma hade fara a 1934, da rabo daga cikin uku Reich. A Jihar musamman aggravated siyasa halin da ake ciki. A daidai wannan lokaci shi ya karu da muhimmancin da National Socialist Ma'aikata 'Party. A Yuli 1932 zaben, shi ya lashe 37% na kuri'un da aka kada. Amma, ko da yake shi ya zarce da sauran jam'iyyar, duk da haka wannan bai isa a kafa gwamnatin.

Wadannan zaben sakamakon da aka ma kasa (32%). Duk wannan shekara Shugaba Hindenburg bukaci Hitler ya zama memba na gwamnati, ya tambaye shi ya sanya mataimakin-kansila. Duk da haka, ya yarda ne kawai a matsayin kansila. Kawai gaba hunturu Hindenburg rakumi da wadannan yanayi. Kuma a kan Janairu 30, Adolf Hitler An nada kansila.

Tuni a watan Fabrairu, ta dakatar da jam'iyyar kwaminis da kuma shugabanninta da m tsananta fara, wanda aka hõre kusan rabin membobinta.

Nan da nan narkar da Reichstag, da kuma wucewa a cikin Maris zaben lashe NDSAP. A sabon kafa gwamnati ne riga a farkon taron, a kan Maris 23 amince da m ikon Hitler ta dama.

A watan Yuli, an dakatar da dukkan data kasance jam'iyyun fãce Nazi. Har ila yau narkar da kwadago, da kuma maimakon kafa wata Jamus Labor Front. 1938 alama farkon kama da halaka Yahudawa.

Hitler ta shahararsa girma sosai a hannunsu. A shahararren rawa a cikin wannan da aka buga da farfaganda: Kaiser ta Jamus da kuma rauni Weimar Jamhuriyar aka hukunta, kuma har yanzu ya tuna da shan kashi a yakin duniya na farko. Har ila yau, Fuhrer ne saboda da girma shahararsa na karshen babban mawuyacin da m tattalin arziki. Musamman lura shi ne cewa a wannan lokaci da kasar ta dauka da gubar, don samar da karafa kamar aluminum da karfe.

A shekara ta 1938, Austria shiga cikin Reich, da kuma bayan shi a 1939 - da kuma Czechoslovakia. A shekara ta gaba, da shugaban Tarayyar Soviet da kuma Jamus hannu a nonaggression yarjejeniya.

Yakin duniya na II, kuma ta Uku Reich

A cikin watan Satumba 1939, da Reich dakarunta suka shiga Poland. Faransa da Birtaniya a mayar da martani, ayyana yaki kan Jamus. Fiye da shekaru uku na Reich ci kasashen Turai. A cikin watan Yuni 1941, Jamus farmaki Tarayyar Soviet, sun shagaltar da wasu daga ƙasarsa.

A cikin nasara yankunan shigar lãbãraiya yanayin. Wannan tsokani fitowan da yaƙin kungiyoyin.

A watan Yuli 1944, wani yunkurin juyin mulki (rushewarta) da kuma kasa ƙoƙari a Hitler ta rayuwa aka yi. A Jihar shirya clandestine yaƙin kungiyoyin.

May 7, 1945 ya sanya hannu da wani aiki na mika wuyansu da sallama daga Jamus. May 9 kuwa ranar karshen tashin. Kuma May 23 aka kama da gwamnatin na uku Reich.

Jihar da kuma yankin tsarin da uku Reich

The shugaban na daular kasance da Chancellor. A zartarwa ikon da aka mayar da hankali a hannun gwamnati. A majalisar dokoki ne na mallaka Diet, wanda aka zabe ta mutane. A cikin Jamus da shi da aka yarda ta yi aiki kawai da National Socialist Ma'aikata 'Party.

Na uku Reich ya kasu kashi goma sha huɗu ƙasar da kuma birane biyu.

Kasashen kunshe a jihar a sakamakon fa] a, da kuma waɗanda ya rayu kagaggun kabilanci Jamus, aka hada a cikinsa a matsayin mallaka Circle. Suka kira "reyhsgau". Saboda haka, Austria ya kasu kashi bakwai hakan.

A sauran shagaltar ƙasashe shirya Reichskommisariat. A total na biyar irin abokai, Mun halitta, hudu mafi habarta form.

Alamomin na Uku Reich

Zai yiwu mafi shahara da kuma saba alama ce characterizing Uku Reich - mai ja flag da Swastika, wanda har yanzu haramta a kasashen da dama. Af, ta nuna a kusan duk jihar halaye. Yana da ban sha'awa cewa makami na Reich, musamman sanyi, an halitta shan la'akari da halaye na uniform da kuma na kasa alamomin. Wani sifa ne ƙarfe giciye tare da flared iyakar. The gashi na makamai ne da kansa ya kama daga cikin Black Eagle, a fika daga abin da yake itacen oak wreath tare da wani Swastika.

"The Song of Jamus"

Waƙar Uku Reich - shi halitta kusan karni kafin farkon Hitler ta "Song na Jamus." Marubucin na rubutu ya Hoffmann von Fallersleben. Musical masu raka rubuta Yozef Gaydn. Waƙar Uku Reich yanzu babban abun da ke ciki na wani united Jamus. Sha'awa, da "Song na Jamusawa" a cikin kwanaki ba sa irin wannan karfi da korau da ƙungiyoyi, kamar Swastika. Duk da haka, wannan ba ya shafi soja zanga na uku Reich.

Duk da haka dai, wasu daga cikinsu. Alal misali, abun da ke ciki rubuta Horst Wessel, ya Maris hari da sojojin da take jam'iyya mai mulki. A zamanin yau, an haramta ta laifi dokokin Jamus da Austriya.