Land of mafitar rãnã - Japan. History of Japan. Legends da camfin da na Japan

Land of mafitar rãnã, da photo wanda za a nuna a kasa, an dauki daya daga cikin raya jihohin duniya. Tsororuwar da ƙasa ne Dutsen Fuji. Japan - a kasar tare da wani mai arziki da al'adu da kuma tarihi. Bugu da kari, wannan jiha, piously reveres ta hadisai. Ya kamata a ce cewa, Japan ba ko da yaushe haka. Akwai lokaci na tattalin arziki ƙi. Amma duk da dukan matsaloli, da gwamnati ta gudanar ya ba kawai don shawo kan rikicin ya auku, amma kuma ya isa wasu Heights a daban-daban duniyoyin na mutum aiki. Hujja da wannan shi ne matsayinsu a duniya. Mene ne tarihin kasar Japan? Ta yaya ya ci gaba da bayyana? Mene ne mafitar rãnã a yau? Game da wannan daga baya a cikin labarin.

Overview

Kasar na Rising Sun aka located a cikin tarin tsiburai, wanda ya ƙunshi wata babbar dama tsibiran. 6852. Gaba daya akwai game da 97% na yankunan shagaltar da ta hudu mafi girma a tsibirin na Shikoku, Kyushu, Hokkaido da Honshu. Mafi yawa daga cikin yankunan su ne duwatsu, volcanic ƙasa.

Land of mafitar rãnã - Japan - shi ne duniya ta goma wuri cikin sharuddan yawan. Da karkararta gida fiye da 127 miliyan. Man. Greater Tokyo - wani yanki da ya hada da, a gaskiya, babban birnin jihar, kuma da dama daga nan kusa jahohi - dauke su a duniya, most agglomeration. Yana gida fiye da talatin da mutane miliyan.

Jihar tana da babban misali na rai. A kasar ne a cikin goma wuri a kan index na ci gaba adam m. Akwai kuma high rates na rayuwar jama'a. A shekara ta 2009, da shekara da aka 82,12 shekaru. Bugu da kari, akwai magangara mafi ƙasƙanci kudi na jariri mace-mace. Japan - a duniya kawai kasar da wanda makaman nukiliya da aka yi amfani da.

halin rayuwa

Yau, Rising Sun (Japan) ne a matsayi na uku a duniya da GDP, maras muhimmanci da kuma lasafta parity mabukaci iko. A jihar ne na huɗu-most m, kuma ta shida da kaya. Shi ne kuma wani ɓangare na "Big Takwas", a kai a kai matsayin wani nonpermanent memba na kwamitin sulhu na MDD. Duk da hukuma musu na da hakkin ya bayyana yaki, Japan yana da babban da kuma na zamani sojojin. The sojojin kare kan iyakokin da kuma shiga cikin ayyukan kiyaye zaman lafiya yadda ake gudanar.

Sunan jihar

Me Japan - Land na Rising Sun? Don amsa wannan tambaya, dole ne mu juya zuwa ga asalin sunan jihar. The kalmar "Japan", kamar yadda muke kira shi, shi ne wani exonym kuma shige daga Jamus. Mutane da kansu koma zuwa mahaifarsa a matsayin "Nihon" ko "Nippon". Dukansu na farko da na biyu version da aka rubuta tare da "Kanji". "Nippon" - sunan mai more m. A mafi yawa ana amfani da a kan kudin sufurin kan sarki, yen, a cikin sunayen da wani taron na kasa da muhimmancin. A rayuwar yau da kullum ne mafi sau da yawa amfani "Nihon".

Japan kansu kira "nihondzin" harshen, wanda ake magana - "Nihongo". Hukumance, jihar da ake kira "Nippon Coke" ko "Nihon Coca". A karshen wani zaɓi ne a zahiri fassara a matsayin "da haifuwa / source na rana." Wannan sunan na farko ya bayyana a cikin rubutu tsakanin Sarkin sarakuna da kuma wakilan da Sui (Sin daular). "Nihon" shi ne sau da yawa fassara a matsayin "Kasar vshodyaschego rana." Rayayye wannan sunan fara da za a yi amfani da tare da game da Nara lokaci. Jihar har da lokacin da ake kira "Yamato".

History of Japan

Domin da farko lokacin da tarin tsiburai aka zaunar a kusa da 40th karni BC. e. A zamanin d Japan da aka tsunduma a taro da kuma farauta, yin kayan aikin roughing. A wannan lokacin babu kumar kasko, dangane da abin da lokaci kuma ake kira "lokaci na preceramic al'ada".

Bayan lokaci ya fara "Jomon". Shi ne na archaeological periodization na Amurka na Neolithic da Mesolithic. A halayyar alama na cewa lokaci ya halitta, a gaskiya, mafi yawan tarin tsiburai. A wannan lokacin, ya fara bayyana a yau da kullum kumar kasko.

Around 500 BC. e. Fara Time "Yayoi." Wannan lokaci ne halin da bayyanar noman shinkafa namo, da loom da maginin tukwane dabaran, farkon da jiyya na karafa (da baƙin ƙarfe, da na tagulla, da jan), da gina tsaron gida kufaifan. Duk wadannan firtsi sun bayyana godiya ga baƙi daga Korea da kuma China. A karo na farko, "Rising Sun" da aka ambata a cikin wani Sin labarinsa - "Hanshu". More "ƙasar Wa" (da ake kira Sin tarin tsiburai) da aka bayyana a cikin "History of the Three mulkokin". A cewar rahotanni, mafi iko a cikin na uku karni, da sarauta Yamatay. Yana yana gangarawa zuwa cikin mulkin Himiko.

Jihar da kuma tsarin siyasa

Land of mafitar rãnã - Japan - shi ne mai kundin tsarin majalisar daular mulkinsu. Bisa ga Basic Shari'ar jihar daga shekarar 1947, Sarkin sarakuna ne "alama ce da hadin kai na mutane da kuma jiha." All yanke shawara da kuma alƙawura ana yarda da kuma aiwatar da shi a daidai da misali na majalisar. Sarkin sarakuna a diplomasiyya tarurruka da hidima a matsayin Head of State. Board tun shekarar 1989, da shekara da yake a cikin hannãyenku daga Akihito.

Kamar yadda mafi girma sashen jihar ikon da tafin kafa majalisu tsarin tsaye majalisar. Yana hada biyu da bẽnãye: wakilan da shawara. An sabunta kowane shekaru 3 da 50%. A Majalisar Wakilai wakilan na 480 wakilai, ba. Su aka zabe su domin 4 shekaru. House of councilors da aka hada da 242 wakilai, zabe na 6 shekaru. A karkashin kundin tsarin mulki, majalisar yana bai wa cikakkar majalisu ikon, kuma yana da m hakkin ya sarrafa kudi.

Duk mazauna suka kai shekaru ashirin da haihuwa zai iya shiga cikin zaben. A zaben na majalisar wakilai da majalisar ne da za'ayi a asirce takardar za ~ en. A Japan, manyan jam'iyyun siyasar biyu. A shekarar 2009, Jam'iyyar aka maye gurbinsu da Social Musulmai masu sassaucin ra'ayi a cikin majalisar dokokin kasar da masu sassaucin ra'ayi-demokra] iyya ra'ayin mazan jiya ƙungiya, dama 54 years old, ya lashe yawancin kuri'un da aka kada.

Culture of Japan

Tun karshen farko Millennium AD shi ya zama rayayye ci gaba wallafe-wallafe. The matanin farko nema daga Japan take 9-10 karnoni. Har ila yau kiyaye ne wasu Monuments na gine-gine da kuma zanen da farkon na biyu karni. A lokacin da samuwar Japan al'adu da babban tasiri exerted a kan shi, China, sa'an nan zuwa yammacin Turai.

A bisa ga al'ada, epos yana da arziki, da dama da labaru game da dodanni, da fatalwowi, halittu masu ban mamaki. The rare sun "Ecay". Kowace daga cikin wadannan haruffa da musamman a raga da kuma halaye da aka hade tare da su mutuwa. A kan aiwatar da ci gaban al'umma da yawa daga cikin hotunan da aka "kawo har zuwa ranar." A Japan, akwai wani fairly m labari. Legend of bayan gida Hanako ne mai zamani version na camfin game da "yūrei". Lokacin gudanar da wani binciken da jama'ar na zamani Japan ya iya tattara fiye da dari daban-daban labaru game da dodanni. Ga kowa da kowa "yūrei" siffofin sun daban-daban nakasar. Alal misali, boye a baya da gashi baki, da rashin ƙananan rabin na jiki, kamar bagure Reiko Kashima don motsawa yanzu a kan magincirõri, kuma QFontDatabase chopping mutane.

zanen

Zane-zane, da Japan - shi ne da farko wani kwazazzabo zane-zane sanya a kan takarda, zanen ganuwar manyan gidãje, yadudduka, fuska, magoya kuma Theatrical masks. A farkon ayyukan hada da zane-zane domin litattafan, tatsuniyoyi, da labaru. Sun nema a mayar da 8-12 ƙarni. A zamanin d art na mafitar rãnã - shi ne da farko wani haraji ga kyau, halitta, halitta. A 14th karni wuri mai faɗi zanen tsinkãyi dabara na zanen da tawada. Japan artists sun kai wani gaske unprecedented matakin da ya fasaha. Da taimakon baki launi, da suka haifar da real Masterpieces da ya wuce wani bore da launuka yanayi. Daya daga cikin wadannan artists ne zuwa Sassi. HalittarSa duba sosai m da na halitta. A cikin hotunan daidai ake bayyana yanayi na zane-zane.

A zanen a kan garun

Yuan, wannan art form ya isa ga 12-13 karnoni. Yana da aka a lokacin ganuwar da manyan gidãje aka rufe da majestic m zane-zane. Kamar yadda mai mulkin, suka kwatanta lyric haruffa labaru, mashahuri a wancan lokacin. Godiya ga zanen ganuwar manyan gidãje, a cikin art na Japan ya shiga irin wannan dabara kamar yadda woodcut - woodcuts. Wadannan Masterpieces halitta ba kawai artists, amma ma shugabansa, yanke musamman bugu faranti, kazalika da printer, aiki a kan kwafi.

Daga 13th karni samar da gumaka da layu. Amma dole ne a ce cewa matsayin mai zaman kanta art siffan xylography gane kawai a cikin 17th karni. Up har da 18th karni kwafi sun baki da fari. "Ukiyo-e" - wani sabon salon na woodcuts aka kafa a 17-19 ƙarni. Fassara wannan sunan zai iya zama a matsayin "hoto na wani iyo duniya". Wannan irin engraving an dauki daya daga cikin yankunan da "Edo" - ma'adanin, babban jigo na wanda wani hutu da kuma rayuwar yau da kullum na al'ummominsu.

babban Masters

Japan kwafi an ɗaukaka yawan artists. Daga cikin su da fari ya kamata a kasaftawa Tosyusyaya Sharaku. Engraving master misalta kabuki 'yan wasan kwaikwayo, a fili ya bayyana kuma da ɗan exaggerating da halaye na kowane daga cikinsu. Wani marubucin - Kitagava Utamaro - a cikin ayyukansu Zagayawar kyau mata. Katsushika Hokusai halitta "36 Views Dutsen Fuji".

Ya kamata a ce a nan cewa yin amfani da launuka a cikin woodcuts zo daga kasar Sin. Na farko, da maigida ya yi amfani da iyaka yawan launuka. By da 18th centenary na launi inji ya dauka a manyan rawa a cikin woodcuts. A wannan lokaci, art ne mafi yawa da mayar da hankali a kan irin nau'o'i kamar "yakusya-e" da "bidzinga". Babban jigo na karshe karfe charmer da suka rayu a cikin "kore unguwannin" (yardar gidãje).

Ya kamata a lura da cewa launi na kwafi da aka ba kawai m, amma kuma m kayan aiki. Stories kwatanta da mazaunan garuruwa, sabon salo trends, daban-daban kwatance da rayuwa a cikin babban birnin kasar, ayyuka na sana'a da kuma yan kasuwa da kuma iyalansu. Artworks style 'yakusya-e "za a iya dangana ga talla rafi. Sun kasance sũ ne sosai kama da posters da Zagayawar da 'yan wasan kwaikwayo wanda ya taka leda a cikin shahararrun gidan wasan kwaikwayo, kuma sun kasance m tare da jama'a.

kimiyya

Land of mafitar rãnã - Japan - an dauki daya daga cikin shugabannin su a filin daga kimiyya, yaro-, biomedicine. A daban-daban da bincike ayyuka da hannu game da dubu 700 da kwararru. Japan ne a matsayi na uku a kan kudi cewa suna ciyar a kan ci gaban kimiyya. A kan yi amfani da samar da mutummutumi jihar shugaban. A cikin ainihin kimiyya, Japan ila yau yana da manyan matsayi. A jihar 13 da malamai ne Nobel yabon a magani, sunadarai da kimiyyar lissafi. A cikin kasar yana amfani da fiye da rabin na ci gaba da bayar da mutummutumi.

nazarin sararin samaniya

Sufurin jiragen sama, planetary da nazarin sararin samaniya na samar da sarari hukumar. Sandarsa ma hannu a cikin zane na tauraron dan adam da kuma roka. The Agency yana da damar da za su gudanar da wani da ƙaddamar da wani wucin gadi da tauraron dan adam zuwa kewayewa da Earth, interplanetary tashoshin atomatik irin. Bugu da kari, cikin bincike da makaman da aka rayayye musharaka a duniya sarari shirye-shirye. Saboda haka, a 2010, da tauraron dan adam ne a nazarin da duniyar da Venus da aka kaddamar. Bugu da kari, rayayye shirya domin nazarin Mercury, shirya 2030 shiri na tushe a kan Moon. Japan, a fili, gudanar da manyan sikelin-aiki a kan nazarin halittu. A shekara ta 2007, ya aka gudanar 2nd wucin gadi da tauraron dan adam. Aikinsa ne da nufin a tattara bayanai a kan asalin da kuma ci gaban da Moon.