Rationalism Descartes

Rationalism (rabo) - nuna wani falsafa ra'ayin, yarda da tunani (hankali) a matsayin tushen dukkan ilmi da ta rarrabẽwa na gaskiya. Wannan koyarwa ta zama mashahuri a cikin 17th karni. Muhimmai na falsafa imani, hadisai kawo Rene Dekart. A cikin "Maganganu kan Hanyar", "Tunani a kan sabon falsafa" da kuma wasu rubuce-rubucen warware matsala na AMINCI na ilimi a fagen ilimi da kuma ta ciki halaye. Shi ne yafi rarrabe daga cikin rationalism Rene Dekarta ka'idar m solidity Bacon.

Da farko, masu tasowa, da ra'ayin, ya bayar da hujjar cewa akwai huɗu da dokoki na cognition: da methodical shakka, iko, bincike da kuma shaida. Rationalism Descartes kafa yaƙĩni da gaban da sani hankali, da Falsafa ce: "Ina ganin, saboda haka zan zama." The hujja da wannan ka'idar, a cikin ra'ayi, sa a baratar da tunani, amince da shi. A daidai wannan lokaci Allah ne Wakili ga fahimta na halitta duniya, kazalika da objectivity ilimi da dan'adam.

Tsarin muhawara kawo sunayensu da Descartes bayyana ra'ayin wanzuwar m ideas kamar yadda daya daga babban arziki da rationalism. Created abubuwa suna koya kawai ta hanyar da GROOVES a hankali. Kamar haka duk abubuwa an hada biyu da abubuwa, masu zaman kansu na juna - jiki da kuma rai. A wannan yanayin, da yanayi na jiki - ba fiye da inji. Ƙarfafa da dominance na dalilin hankali bisa motsin rai da jiki sha'awa ne zuwa manufa sami daban-daban dabarbari na halin kirki hali a daban-daban yanayi. Wannan shi ne ra'ayi cewa daukawa rationalism na Descartes.

Ya kamata a lura babbar darajar wannan duniya domin ci gaba da falsafa da kuma kimiyya. Rationalism Descartes ba kawai da gudummawar da samuwar sabuwar dokoki da ka'idoji, amma kuma kafa tushen wasu kimiyya tarbiyya, musamman na nazari lissafi, lissafi.

Dualism muhimmi ideas, a yarda domin su kirkiro iri dabam dabam dual fassarar rukunan. Rationalism Descartes bayar da wani bayani na na'ura na duniya, gabatar da shi a cikin wani m kuma na gani images lokaci guda. na'urar a duniya ya nuna yiwuwar rarraba shi (ta amfani da bincike) a cikin aka gyara abin da ake Azancin da alaka da juna da kuma daidai da aka bayyana shifran. Wannan ya ɓoye da methodological tsarin na aiwatar da mathematization na halitta kimiyya.

A m mutum da ke da deductive da ilhama hankali, zai iya cimma abin dogara da ilmi ba. Deductive Hanyar kawai damar masu zaton cewa ana gani ga hankali bayyanannu, dunkule ne - ba sa gaskiya da ya shakka. Bugu da kari, a cikin tsarin da wannan hanyar ne da za'ayi dismemberment na kowane hadaddun matsalar da masu zaman kansu wajen yin sama ta lokaci-lokaci miƙa mulki daga da aka sani da ba a sani ba, kuma tabbatar da unproven, ba tare da wani gibba a cikin gwajin yarda links.

A cikin kwanaki na Descartes dora muhimmanci. Science, duk da haka, da aka gani a matsayin mafi girma da daraja, da kuma yiwuwar ta m aikace-aikace a cikin ganawa daban-daban adam bukatun mafi maza na ilimi tashe ta tunani matakai.

Ƙarƙashin rinjayar da koyarwar Descartes, Benedikt Spinoza bayyana rationalism, ta amfani da lissafi Hanyar. Da ra'ayoyin, ya nuna a cikin aikinsa "xa'a". A wannan aiki, kowane sashen fara da wani fili da kuma sauki definition da Concepts. Wannan ne bi da wani axiom, da tabbatarwa da shaida. A ƙarshe, kamar yadda ya fita falsafa shawara.

Spinoza gano uku matakan cognition. A farko - cikin mafi girman - ya kamata su fahimci gaskiya lamirinsu bayyane kai tsaye damu. Na biyu matakin da aka bayar ga tattaunawa hankali, ba ya bukatar hujja. Na uku, m matakin, dangane da azanci shine ganewa na duniya.