Toxoplasmosis: fassarar gwaje-gwaje. Sanin ganewar toxoplasmosis

Ba kowa da kowa san cewa suna da masu dauke da kamuwa da cuta kamar su toxoplasmosis. Wannan cututtukan da wuya yakan haifar da mummunan cututtuka, don haka mutum baya ma ake zargi da kamuwa da cutar. Amma yana da cutar toxoplasmosis? A cikin duniya, akwai lokuta masu rikitarwa masu tsanani bayan kamuwa da cutar. Yana da haɗari sosai don samun kamuwa a lokacin daukar ciki. Saboda haka, a wasu lokuta yana da muhimmanci a shawo kan jarrabawar toxoplasmosis. Fassarar gwaje-gwaje na wannan kamuwa da cuta yana buƙatar sanin likita. Za mu yi kokarin bayyana ainihin hanyoyin yau da kullum na bincikar cutar, za mu gaya maka abin da suka amfana da rashin amfani, za mu taimaka wajen farfado da sakamakon da aka samu.

Toxoplasmosis - menene?

Domin fahimtar hanyoyin da ganewar asali daga toxoplasmosis, yana da muhimmanci a gane abin da yake da wannan cuta. Saboda haka, toxoplasmosis wata cuta ce mai cutarwa, wakili wanda yake da ma'anar Toxoplazma gondii. Masu ɗaukar nauyin daji (spores of parasites) su ne cats. Amma wasu dabbobi zasu iya zama tsaka-tsakin tsaka-tsaki. Tare da cike da dabbobi masu shayarwa, toxoplasmosis spores an gabatar cikin ƙasa. Saboda haka, za a iya samun kamuwa da ku idan ba ku bi ka'idodi na tsabta ba a lokacin da kuke hulɗa da dabbobi, ku ci nama marar nama, kayan lambu da basu da yalwata. Kamuwa da cuta kuma yana faruwa a utero - daga mahaifa masu ciki zuwa tayin.

An sauya cutar sau ɗaya, bayan haka jikin ya samar da rigakafi mai karfi a cikin irin kwayoyin cuta, don haka ya kare mutumin daga sake kamuwa da cutar irin su toxoplasmosis. Ana gudanar da nazarin nazari don la'akari da wannan ma'anar kwayoyin halitta.

Fiye da toxoplasmosis yana da haɗari?

A mafi yawan lokuta, toxoplasmosis baya haifar da mummunan cututtuka da rikitarwa a cikin wani balagagge tare da amsawa ta al'ada. Amma a cikin mutanen da ke da ƙarfin tsaro na jiki suna iya zama rashin daidaituwa a cikin aikin sashin jiki, zazzabi, ƙara hanta, lalacewar ido.

Musamman magungunan kamuwa da cuta tare da toxoplasmosis shine a lokacin daukar ciki. Kamuwa da cuta ya shiga cikin tayin kuma ya shafe shi. Sanarwar lafiyar likita a cikin wannan yanayin ba shi da kyau - rashin kuskure, haihuwa ba a haife shi ba, haihuwa yana yiwuwa. Idan ya sami nasara, yaron zai iya samun nakasa marasa lafiya na tsarin mai juyayi, mummunar lalacewar gabobin ciki, sau da yawa saba da rai. Dangane da irin wannan haɗari ga ƙwayar al'ada ta ciki da kuma ci gaba da tayin lokacin tsarawar tsarawa, da kuma a duk tsawon lokacin gestation, an sanya matar ta gwaje-gwajen gwaje-gwajen don tantance lokacin da cutar ta kamu, wato, babbar cuta ta farko. Kaddamar da bincike don toxoplasmosis a cikin ciki ya kamata a yi kawai ta hanyar gwani kuma la'akari da duk abubuwan da suke tasiri binciken.

Hanyoyi na bincikar kamuwa da cuta

Hanyar da za a bincikar toxoplasmosis za a iya raba zuwa manyan kungiyoyi uku:

1. Serology dogara ne a kan ganewa na antibodies a cikin nazarin halittu abu zuwa ga kamuwa da cuta, wanda ake samar a cikin jiki nan da nan bayan kamuwa da cuta. Amfani da irin wannan binciken shine ikon iya gano alamar magungunan ƙwayoyin cuta, wanda ke taimakawa wajen sanin yawancin kamuwa da cuta, don haka ya nuna lokacin da wani mummunan cuta ya faru kamar toxoplasmosis. An fassara fassarar irin wannan gwajin ta hanyar binciken yawan bincike na IgG da IgM immunoglobulin. Rashin haɓakar wannan irin ganewar asali shine rashin sanarwa ga masu cutar HIV, saboda a cikin jiki kwayar cutar ta raunana kuma kawai kwayoyin cutar zuwa cututtuka ana haifar da ƙananan yawa.
2. Parasitic dangane da ganewa na parasites a cikin jini - toxoplasmosis pathogens. Wani babban mahimmanci na irin wannan ganewar asali shine rashin iyawar ƙayyadadden lokacin kamuwa da cuta, kuma saboda haka, ba zai iya yiwuwa a gane bambancin lokacin cutar ba. Ma'anar bincike don toxoplasmosis a cikin wannan yanayin yakan faru ne lokacin da aka gano kwayar cutar a cikin abubuwan da ke binciken.
3. Hardware amfani da wani karin hanyar kafa ko shanyewa da ganewar asali toxoplasmosis a cikin hadaddun cikin sharuddan bincike magani lokuta.

Sau da yawa fiye da sauran hanyoyi ana amfani da bincike akan jini a kan toxoplasmosis. Kashe sakamakon baya yawanci ba wahala ba kuma an yi shi ne kawai.

Hanyar serological na ganewar asali

Don ƙayyade magungunan toxoplasmosis, ana amfani da hanyoyin bincike na gaba:

1. RIF, ko immunofluorescence dauki ne da za'ayi kamar haka: yin amfani da musamman sinadaran reagents diluted da kayan. A cikin ƙananan microscope wanda ke nuna haske na ultraviolet, ƙwayoyin cuta za su kasance bayyane. Idan akwai toxoplasmosis, haske zai kasance mai haske - wannan sakamakon yana nunawa a cikin hanyar: +++ ko ++++.
2. GNR ko tsaye ba hemagglutination dauki, bisa ga dũkiyar erythrocytes a lokacin wasu sinadaran halayen zuwa precipitate. Idan, bayan da aka gudanar da aikin gyaran gwaji, zubar da jinin ya rufe kashin tube - sakamakon ya tabbatacce. An sanya shi kamar haka: "m dauki +++" da "karfi dauki ++++".
3. Elisha, ko enzyme immunoassay bincike Hanyar da aka yi amfani da sanin toxoplasmosis mafi akai-akai, domin shi yana da yawan abũbuwan amfãni: gudanar da azumi da ta musamman inji, yana da ikon gano masu kuzarin kawo cikas, da kuma don nazarin 2 iri immunoglobulins IgG da IgM. Don yin irin wannan bincike, ana amfani da tsarin gwaji daga Czech Republic da kuma Finland. Irin waɗannan gwaje-gwaje za a iya samu nasara ta duk kungiyoyin batutuwa, ciki har da masu cutar HIV.

Ƙaddamar da bincike don toxoplasmosis ta hanyar ELISA

Domin daidai decipher da gwajin results for toxoplasmosis da Elisha hanya, an fahimci jigon da nazarin halittu tafiyar matakai na kamuwa da cuta. Magungunan sunadarin gina jiki na immunoglobulins na IgG da IgM iri suna samar da su don yakar pathogen da kare kariya daga kamuwa ta biyu. Kwayoyin IgM suna samar da jiki bayan da kamuwa da cuta tare da toxoplasmosis, sun kasance cikin jikin har zuwa wata daya, bayan haka sannu-sannu ƙididdigar ta ƙare kuma ta ƙare gaba ɗaya. Saboda haka, ganowar kwayoyin cutar daga ƙungiyar IgM a cikin gwaji shine alamar wata magungunan toxoplasmosis.

Immunoglobulins irin su IgG za a fara samuwa cikin jiki a rana ta uku na kamuwa da cuta da kuma kare mutumin daga kamuwa da ciwon magunguna tare da toxoplasmosis a duk rayuwarsu. Saboda haka, ganowar kwayoyin cutar wannan rukuni da rashin nunawa na IgM sun nuna cewa an kare jikin, sabili da haka babu dalilin damuwa. Amma akwai wasu bambance-bambance na sakamakon bincike don toxoplasmosis ta hanyar ELISA. Sa'an nan kuma ƙaddamar da bincike don toxoplasmosis na buƙatar ƙarin gwaje-gwaje don tabbatar da irin mummunar irin wannan cutar ko rashin shi. Bambance-bambancen da aka nuna a cikin tebur yana yiwuwa.

Yin nazarin teburin, ana iya lura cewa yana da wuyar gano ainihin toxoplasmosis. Gas IgG - fassarar fassarar zai iya magana game da kamuwa da cuta da kamuwa da cutar ta farko. Amma kasancewar alamun IgM yawanci yana nuna wani mataki mai tsanani na cutar.

Ƙunƙashin kamuwa da ƙwaƙwalwa a lokacin ciki

A lokacin daukar ciki shiryawa da kuma a farkon matakai na gestation, likitoci rubũta a da cikakken bincike, wanda yake shi ne raguwa mika wutar. Binciken da ake gudanar a ranar cututtuka da cewa suna daukar kwayar cutar a utero da kuma haifar da tsanani take hakki na fetal ci gaba. Irin waɗannan cututtuka sun hada da toxoplasmosis, rubella, cytomegalovirus, herpes simplex, syphilis. Ana gudanar da bincike ne ta hanya ta hanyar bincike, wato ELISA. Ana gudanar da bincike game da sakamakon binciken da aka samu game da kamuwa da fitilar ta hanyar amfani da hanyar ELISA da aka bayyana a cikin tebur.

Hanyar sarƙaƙan ganewa

Yi ƙayyade kasancewa ko babu nau'in parasites - masu sinadarai masu guba na toxoplasmosis - tare da taimakon microscopy daga cikin kayan (jini, cin abinci, samfurori nama da biopsy). Wannan hanya ba ta da matukar bayani: ba shi da damar yin amfani da wannan tsari a cikin hanzari kuma ƙayyade tsawon lokacin kamuwa da cuta.

Don kwanan wata, yi amfani da irin wannan hanya na diagnosing toxoplasmosis m kamar da polymerase sarkar dauki. Tare da taimakon wannan binciken, DNA na magungunan nan ya ware. Ta wannan hanya yana yiwuwa a gano magungunan har ma tare da raƙuman ƙananan rabo daga cikin abu. Amma deciphering sakamakon jini gwaje-gwaje domin toxoplasmosis da PCR hanyar sa shi ba zai yiwu ba domin sanin recency kamuwa da cuta da kuma waƙa da muhimmancin da cutar. Wannan likita ya ba da umarnin da likitocin ya umarce shi a matsayin ƙarin binciken a gaban maganganu masu rikitarwa na gwaje-gwaje na jijiyoyi, musamman, ganewar asali na ELISA, da kuma rashin yiwuwar aiwatar da wasu hanyoyi na gano toxoplasmosis a cikin wani akwati na asibiti. Sau da yawa ana amfani da hanyar PCR don ƙayyade ƙananan ƙwayoyin cuta a cikin yara na farkon shekara na marasa lafiya da cutar AIDS, lokacin da lokacin factor bai zama fifiko ba.

Tare da taimakon wannan hanyar ganewar asali, likita zai iya ƙayyade ganewar "toxoplasmosis" - nazarin nazarin ba ya kawo wani matsala. Saboda haka, kyakkyawan sakamako yana nuna kasancewar wani abu mai mahimmanci a cikin abin da ke cikin binciken, sakamakon sakamako mai nuna cewa ba ya nan.

Gudanar da hanyoyi na hanyar bincikar maganin toxoplasmosis yana da wasu peculiarities: da farko, akwai yiwuwar sakamakon mummunar sakamakon sakamakon gaskiyar cewa kwayoyin sun riga sun zauna a cikin suturar kwayoyin halitta kuma ba a cikin wani ɓangare na sashen binciken. Kuma abu na biyu, pathogens idan ba a kula da duk wani yanayi da ya dace ba zai mutu a cikin kayan da aka dauka na bincike ko da kafin microscopy, wanda zai haifar da mummunan sakamakon sakamakon binciken.

Sanin ganewar toxoplasmosis a utero

Yayin da yake tabbatar da kamuwa da mace mai ciki, da tambaya game da kamuwa da cutar tayi ta hanyar tayar da ƙwayar cuta - an buƙaci ƙarin diagnostics. Kwafi na nazarin a kan toxoplasmosis intrauterine hanyoyin dangane ganewa na fetal munanan, kazalika da kai tsaye tabbatar da dalilin da parasites a cikin ruwar. Akwai hanyoyin irin wannan nazarin intrauterine na toxoplasmosis:

1. Duban ganewar asali - bayyana sabawa a ci gaba da tayin, wato cuta kamar rage kauri daga cikin mahaifa, da ganewa na calcifications a fetal kwakwalwa nama, ascites, kuma hepatomegaly, wanda zai iya nuna shigar azzakari cikin farji daga cikin pathogen daga uwa zuwa tayin.
2. Amniocentesis ko amniocentesis - yi da PCR ganewar asali toxoplasmosis.

Hanyar ganewar asali a cikin lokuta masu wahala

Tare da irin nau'o'in kamuwa da cuta ko rashin iyawa don amfani da hanyoyin yau da kullum na bincikar toxoplasmosis, ana amfani da irin wannan hanyar gano cututtuka:

1. Nazarin subcutaneous tare da toxoplasmin. Ana amfani da miyagun ƙwayoyi. Yi nazarin sakamakon bayan kwana biyu. Idan akwai kumburi, wanda diamita ba ta kasa da 10 mm ba, to, ana daukar samfurin a matsayin tabbatacce. Irin wannan bincike ba zai amsa tambayar ko cutar bace ne ko akwai kamuwa da cuta mai tsawo.
2. Instrumental hanyoyin taimaka wajen gane takamaiman take hakki da sabawa a cikin kayan ciki, peculiar sha kashi da m - da causative wakili na toxoplasmosis. Aiwatar da hanyoyi irin su duban dan tayi, ƙididdigar hoto, yanayin hoton jigilar jiki, biopsy. Kwararren gwani ne kaɗai zai iya ƙaddara sakamakon irin wannan hanyar bincike.

A mafi yawancin lokuta, likitoci sun tsara jarabawar jini don ƙin toxoplasmosis. Fassarar da aka yi ta hanyar ELISA ko PCR. A cikin lokuta masu rikitarwa, ana gwada ƙarin gwaje-gwaje da gwaji. Sau da yawa, don cikakkiyar fassarar sakamakon, dole ne mu kula da dukan abubuwan da suka shafi kiwon lafiya wadanda suka shafi tsarin gwagwarmayar ƙarshe. Sabili da haka, kada ku warware sakamakon da kanku, amma ku nemi taimako na kwararren likita.