Rasha marubuci Fyodor Abramov: biography, kerawa da kuma mawallafin littafi. Abramov Fedor Aleksandrovich: Jagora

Abramov Fedor Aleksandrovich (shekaru na rayuwa - 1920-1983) - Rasha marubuci. Ya aka haife shi a Arkhangelsk yankin, a kauyen Verkola. Fyodor wani baƙauye iyali, tare da 'ya'ya da yawa.

Yarantaka Fedora Abramova

Fedor Aleksandrovich Abramov, wanda biography ne sha'awar a yau, da yawa masu karatu suka rasa mahaifinsa farkon. Ya yi shekara shida na taimaka wa iyaye mata da yarjejeniyar tare da baƙauye aiki. Fedor Abramov sauke karatu daga farko almajiri na kauye makarantar firamare. Duk da haka, duk da wannan, a lokacin da shigar da talakawan akwai matsaloli. Gaskiyar cewa Abramov ya zo daga tsakiyar manoma iyalansu. Saboda haka na gaba aji, ya aka canjawa wuri nan da nan. Abramov ya fara kokarin da kansa a cikin adabi a farkon 9-10 maki. A farko waka na Fedor Aleksandrovich aka buga a 1937 a cikin gida jaridar.

Duk da haka, ya ba nan da nan ya zo da ra'ayin zama sana'a da wallafe-wallafen ayyukan. A shekara ta 1938 ya sauke karatu daga Karpogory makarantar sakandare da kuma sa suna a cikin Birnin Leningrad, University a cikin Faculty of Philology.

Ta yaya ya ciyar da yaki shekaru Abramov Fedor Aleksandrovich (biography)

List of littattafai kishin rayuwar Fyodor Alexandrovich m yau. Daga cikinsu za mu koyi cewa a 'yan shekaru bayan da jami'ar nazarin m ya yi bar, kamar yadda Mai girma Patriotic War. Fyodor Abramov a 1941 soja kurum marar a cikin mayakan a matsayin mai sa kai. Aka yi masa rauni sau biyu. A karo na biyu, Fedoru Abramovu tsallaka rijiya mutuwa. Bayan shekara guda, da zarar a kasar bayan na biyu rauni, ya ziyarci kasarsa ta haihuwa a kauyen. Ka lura cewa da alama na tafiya zai zama dalilin da ya gaba ayyukansu. Abramov matsayin "nestroevik" da aka rubuta a cikin raya part. Ya yi aiki a matsayin mataimakin kamfanin siyasa malami, horar da sojoji na'ura gun sassa. Bayan samun digiri ya aka sanya wa counterintelligence "Smersh" (tsaye ga "Mutuwa ga Leƙen Asiri").

Ci gaba da ilimi, koyar da ayyuka da kuma wani littafin game da Sholokhov

Abramov bayan ya lashe mayar da jami'a, sa'an nan kuma, a shekarar 1948, ya shiga a digiri na biyu makaranta. Bayan wani lokaci, ya biography aka alama ta nasara tsaro na wani taƙaitaccen labari. Fedor Abramov kare aikin na Sholokhov ta kerawa. Daga bisani, da tasiri a kan Abramov wannan marubuci zai yi tasbĩhi da yawa masu sukar. Mataki na ashirin da Fyodor game cosmopolitanism a cikin adabi na Tarayyar Soviet da aka buga a lokaci guda. Ya rubuta shi a tare da haɗin gwiwar N. Lebedinsky. A labarin da aka directed da wasu Yahudawa malamai na wallafe-wallafe. Abramov daga baya ya zama shugaban sashen Soviet wallafe-wallafe. Ya koyar ne, a Jami'ar Birnin Leningrad. A shekarar 1958, Fedor Aleksandrovich aka saki a tare da haɗin gwiwar V. V. Guroy wani littafi a kan Sholokhov ta kerawa. Yana da aka sani da "M. A. Sholohov. Taro".

Features kerawa Fedor Aleksandrovich

Creativity Fedor Aleksandrovich da kakkarfan dangankata da Verkola da Pinezhsky baki. A Pekashino kauye, "samfur" wanda - ƙasarsa ta kauye, da mataki wãtsa yawa ayyukansu. Abramov gudanar ya halicci irin m labarinsa. Ya nuna yadda rayuwar wani kauye ya shafa da rabo daga cikin Rasha mutane.

Abin da Abramov Fedor Aleksandrovich yi magana da taken na kauye, mun ba da shawara wani sabon lokaci ga post-yaki da wallafe-wallafen dubi tarihin na Rasha, iyaka a kan halin yanzu, taka babbar rawa a gaskiyar cewa Abramov sa a wasu daga cikin mafi muhimmanci Figures na adabi da Tarayyar Soviet 1960-70-ies. Fedor Aleksandrovich ga wani sabon tsarin kula da kerawa ji kusancin ayyukansu su ayyukan V. Rasputin, V. Belova, E. Nosov S. Zalygin, V. Afanasyev, B. Mozhayeva.

"Yan'uwa maza da mata" - wani labari da kuma jerin ayyukan

"Yan'uwa maza da mata" - na farko Roman Abramova. An sadaukar da rai na kauye a lokacin Great Patriotic War. The labari da aka buga a shekarar 1958. Abramov ya bayyana dalilin da ya faru shi yiwuwa a manta game da feat cewa ya yi Rasha mace. A 1941, sai ta bude wani biyu gaban sami wannan nauyi, kazalika da gaban da Rasha baƙauye. Wannan aikin daga baya ba da sunan dukan sake zagayowar. Bugu da kari, shi zai hada da wani 3 labari, "House," "hanyõyinMu, kuma MAGAMA" da kuma "Biyu winters da uku lokacin bazaar." Da farko, marubucin ya kira zagayowar "Pryaslins", kawo zuwa fore labarin wani iyali daga kauye Pryaslins Pekashino. Duk da haka, irin wannan sunan quntata ra'ayin Fedor Alexandrovich, don haka ya aka maye gurbinsu a kan " 'yan'uwa."

A sake zagayowar na ayyukan da aka halitta domin kalubalantar da ra'ayin cewa mamaye wallafe-wallafen 1940-1950 lokaci. Rasha kauyen yana dauke da mawallafa, da dama kamar yadda jindadin baki. A samfurin wani m tabbaci na Fedorom Aleksandrovichem bayyana, a shekarar 1954, a wani labarin da matsayi. Sa'an nan, ya soki ayyukan S. Babayevsky, Nikolaev da Laptev Yu gane a matsayin abar koyi na aikin zargi. Fedor Aleksandrovich nuna babban wallafe-wallafen da ake bukata - dole ne ka nuna gaskiya, ko da shi ke unflattering.

Muqala "Around da About"

Wani lokacin tunanin game da Abramova Rasha kauye, bayan da tsarin kafa ta m, ya bayyana m. A matsayin misali, ya muqala "Around da About", halitta a cikin shekara ta 1963. Ya dogara ne a kan labarin yadda rana tafi a gama farm shugaban. Wannan aikin da aka gane da akida katsalandan mugun. A sakamakon haka, edita na "Neva" (mujallar a wadda an buga shi) ya rasa aikinsa.

"Biyu winters da uku lokacin bazaar"

Abramov a 1968 wallafa gaba labari mai taken "Biyu winters da uku lokacin bazaar." An sadaukar da wuri Pekashino a postwar shekaru. Fedor Aleksandrovich a daban-daban na zamantakewa da matakan duba kauyen rayuwa a cikin wannan aiki. A matsayin mai sauki manomi, da kuma sa mutane su gudanar da mutane sha'awar shi. Ban sami taimako, ga abin da kauyen yi fatan. Har kwanan nan, da nasaba da na kowa dalili, sun kasance kamar "yan'uwa maza da mata". Yanzu Fedor Aleksandrovich Pekashino kwantanta da dunkulallen hannu, a cikin abin da kowane yatsa son ransa. Yunwar, baya-watse jihar wajibai, babu wani kafa hanyar rayuwa gubar haruffa Fedora Abramova da ra'ayin cewa kana bukatar ka canza wani abu. Pryaslin Mikhail (sosai a kusa da marubucin hali) a karshen ayyukan kafa da kanta cikin tambaya na yadda za mu rayu, inda ya je. Fatan da shakka Pryaslin, bimbini a karshe samfurin na nan gaba, aiwatuwa a cikin image na star alama, wanda ya barke da kuma "rududdugaggun".

"Hanyoyi kuma MAGAMA"

A gaba labari, wanda muka bayyana - da aka buga a 1973, "Hanyoyi kuma MAGAMA". Its mataki faruwa a farkon 1950s. Haka ma, wani episode daga tarihi na kauye Pekashino. Fedor Aleksandrovich ce sabon korau canje-canje da suka faru a cikin yanayin da baƙauye. Policy na jihar, wanda bai da damar talakawa da ma'aikata don a amfana daga nasu aiki, to wean shi, bayan duk, aiki. An kai ga cewa ruhaniya tushe na baƙauye rai da aka gurgunta. Daya daga cikin manyan jigogi na aikin ne da rabo daga cikin shugaban na gama gona. Ya yi kokari ya canza har ta ikon kafa domin. The shugaban na gama farm yanke shawarar ba da manoman burodi, wanda suka tãyar da su. Wannan doka yi, ba shakka, ya kai ga kama shi. Ga mazauna kauyen babbar gwajin shi ne harafin ya kāre cewa dole ne ya sa hannu. Very 'yan sun iya pekashintsy wani halin kirki yi.

"House"

A karshe, a cikin jerin "Brothers & Sisters" shi ne labari "House." Sai aka buga a 1978. Wannan aikin da aka kishin gaskiya na zamani mawallafa - kauyen 1970s. Abramova for "House" shi ne daya daga cikin mafi muhimmanci Concepts. Yana ta yalwaci dukan al'amurran da mutum zama - da bayanin tsare da guda iyali, da zamantakewa da rayuwa na kauye, kazalika da halin da ake ciki a kasar a matsayin dukan. Fedor Aleksandrovich na sane da cewa halin da ake ciki na Rasha mutane ne m. Duk da haka, har yanzu ya nẽme shi wakilan, ta hanyar abin da shi yiwuwa a riƙe da bege cewa gargajiya Rasha hali haifi, kuma dilapidated "gida" Za a sāke gina tarihi.

Non-fiction, litattafan da gajejjeran labaru,

Aiki a kan manyan ayyuka na Fedor Aleksandrovich a hade tare da halittar kananan litattafan da gajejjeran labaru. Su rubuce-rubuce saboda da maimaita tunani akai da ayyuka a sau miƙa na dogon lokaci. Alal misali, "Mamoniha" an halitta, a cikin tsawon daga shekarar 1972 zuwa 1980, "mafi farin ciki" - daga 1939 zuwa 1980, da kuma "Grass-Ant" da aka rubuta daga 1955 zuwa 1980. Fedor Aleksandrovich layi daya tsunduma a aikin jarida, da kuma ya yi a kan rediyo da talabijin.

Aikin Jarida, short labaru da kuma litattafan ne ba na baya zuwa da labari. Sun kuma ba kawai suna kuka da baƙin ciki a gare Rasha, amma kuma unremitting bi Tarurrukan na kasa hanyoyi na gaskiya, m da lafiya sojojin na Rasha al'umma. Duk wannan da aka rubuta da kyau labarin Abramov: 1963 - "Around da About" a shekara ta 1969 - "Pelagia" a shekarar 1970 - "Katako Horses" a shekara ta 1972 - "Alka", a 1980 - "Mamoniha" da kuma a lokacin da rai da aka ba da aka buga "a tafiya da baya a lokacin" da kuma bar wanda ba a kare labarin da ake kira "Wãne ne ya?". A duk na su, kamar yadda a Abramova labaru, haruffa ne talented Rasha mutane, himma ma'aikata da suke so adalci da gaskiya, ya sha wahala, kuma wani lokacin mutu a karkashin nauyin da kansa kuskure da kuma harsh gaskiya. Duk da haka, da suka gani, sau da yawa sami amsoshi ga tambayoyi na lokaci, suna iya fahimta da ma'anar rayuwa da kuma zama sane da alhakin abin da ya faru. Duk da wannan rubuce mafi littattafai Abramova Fedora Aleksandrovicha. Lokacin da rai Abramova wasu daga aikinsa bai isa karatu. Daga cikin mafiya muhimmanci na su ne "Journey to baya." Wannan labarin, wanda aka ɗauki cikinsa a farkon shekarun 1960s. Duk da haka, shi ya zo da haske kawai a 1989.

"Net Littafi"

"Net Littafi" - na karshe gagarumin aiki na Fedor Aleksandrovich. Wannan shi ne sakamakon da tunani a kan rabo daga mahaifarsa. A samfurin wannan, da rashin alheri, aka bar ba a kare ba.

1981. Fedor Aleksandrovich spring aiki a Arkhangelsk archive. Ya hankali nazarin kayayyakin da ake alaka da yankin na rayuwa a cikin shekaru kafin juyin juya halin. A bisa gayyatar da A. Mikhailov, zargi, a lokacin rani ya tafi zuwa ga Pechora - wuraren da ya yi wa'azi, ya rubuta, kuma an kone firist Habakkuk. Bayan haka, tare da Dmitriem Klopovym (photo tare da shi aka nuna a kasa), kai sanar da artist da abokinsa, Abramov tafiya zuwa wurare da cewa suna hade da sunan Marii Dmitrievny Krivopolenovoy, pinezhanskoy mai bayar da labarun baka. Yana da aka zama da samfur na daya daga cikin manyan haruffa da sabon samfurin - "Clean littafin."

Nufi na marubuci, duk da haka, ba su zama. Fedor Abramov ya iya rubuta kawai mafari ne na "tsabta littafin." Sauran sassa kasance a cikin fragmentary records, Shaci, shaci. Duk da haka, ko da a cikin wannan labari samar da shi na kama sosai da cewa a lokacin da ya kai karshe page, ka manta game da gaskiyar cewa da samfurin bai gama ba. Saboda haka daidai, don haka matsa rikodin cewa da alama na cikawa, mutunci da labari. Bazawa na littafin, ta hanyar, ya shirya Lyudmila Vladimirovna Abramova, da gwauruwa ta gaske na marubuci.

Rashin lafiya da kuma mutuwa na Fedor Aleksandrovich

Kawai kusa abokai san game da cutar Fedor Aleksandrovich. Ya sha wahala a watan Satumba 1982 aiki. Doctors ce a cikin watan Afrilu da bukatar daya. Ta aka gudanar May 14, 1983, wannan aiki, da likitoci ya ce, ya yi nasara. Duk da haka, a wannan rana Fedor Aleksandrovich mutu a maida daga zuciya rashin cin nasara. Fedor Abramov aka binne shi a Verkola - ƙasarsa ta kauye.

A tunawa da Fedore Abramove

A tunawa da shi ba sõmammu bayan mutuwa. Kuma yanzu muryarsa aka sake buga shi a littattafan, monographs da articles game da shi. Memory yamma akai-akai da aka gudanar a birnin Moscow, St. Petersburg, Arkhangelsk, Mariupol, Verkola, Kirov.

Wannan memory ba iri na, evidenced da sanannun Jagora Abramov Fedor Aleksandrovich: "Koyo a rubuta wakoki ku iya ba," "Duk mai art a cikin mufuradi," "Bai kamata mu zama whistleblowers da pravdoustroitelem" da sauransu cewa sau da yawa. kawo sunayensu.

aikinsa aka manta. Wurare da dama a wasanni a kan ayyukan Fedora Abramova aka tsĩrar. Ayyukansa da aka aiwatar a kan matakai na da yawa sinimomi kasar. Daga cikin mafi m kuma mafi kyau wasanni za a iya lura da "House" da kuma " 'yan'uwa da" a MDT (a yau - "Wasan Kwaikwayo na Turai"). Darektan-m na - Lev Dodin.

Fedor Abramov - marubuci, kuma counterintelligence jami'in, wanda ya rayu a wani wuya lokaci ga kasar mu. Wanda yake da dangantaka da kowa mutane, damu game da makomar kasar mu. Muhimmanci da tambayoyi tashe a cikin kerawa Fyodor Abramov. mawallafin littafi sani da kuma son a yau.