Rasha Far East. A birnin na Rasha Far East (jerin)

A ƙasa na Rasha Far East - da Gwargwadon yanki da ya hada da yankin a cikin daruna na kõguna sunã gudãna daga cikin Pacific Ocean. Su kuma sun hada da Kuril, Shantarsky da Dokokin Islands, Sakhalin Island da kuma Wrangel. Karin bayani za a aka bayyana a cikin wannan ɓangare na Rasha Federation, kazalika da wasu birane a Rasha Far East (jerin daga cikin mafi girma, za a ba a cikin rubutu).

yawan

A ƙasa na Rasha Far East ne mafi depopulated kasar. Yana gida game da 6.3 miliyan. Man. Wannan wakiltar kamar 5% na jimlar Rasha yawan jama'a. A lokacin 1991-2010 shekaru mazauna ki 1.8 miliyan. Mutane. Game da kudi na yawan girma a cikin Far East, a cikin Primorsky Territory, ya -3,9, a cikin Jamhuriyar Sakha - 1.8, da Jar - 0.7, da Khabarovsk Abuja - 1.3, a kan Sakhalin - 7.8, a cikin Magadan yankin - 17,3, da Amur yankin. - 6, da Kamchatka yankin - 6.2, a cikin Chukotka yankin - 14,9. A cikin hali na ci gaba da halin yanzu trends a Chukotka da ya rage ba tare da yawan kan 66 shekaru, da kuma Magadan - ta hanyar 57.

batutuwa

Rasha Far East maida hankali ne akan wani yanki na 6169,3 kilomita dubu. Wannan shi ne game da 36% na dukan ƙasar. Sau da yawa zuwa Far East hada da Trans-Baikal yankin. Wannan shi ne saboda da Gwargwadon wuri na, kazalika da ayyukan hijirarsa. Administratively kasu kashi da wadannan yankuna na Far East: Amur, Magadan, Sakhalin, Yahudawa mai cin gashin kanta, Kamchatka, Khabarovsk Abuja. Kamar yadda wani ɓangare na DFO ma ba Primorsky Krai, Chukotka.

A tarihin na Rasha Far East

A 1-2 Millennium BC, da Amur yankin da aka sanaki daban-daban kabilu. Mutanen Far East Rasha a yau ba ya bambanta da irin wannan iri-iri, kamar yadda aka yi a wancan lokaci. The yawan sa'an nan kunshi Dauria Udeghes, Nivkh, Evenk, Nanai, Orochi, da sauransu. A babban aikin da na yawan aka kama kifi da farauta. A mafi tsoho ƙauyuka na Primorye, wanda ya kasance a cikin Paleolithic zamanin, da aka gano a kusa da Nakhodka yankin. A Stone Age a kan ƙasa na Kamchatka zaunar Itelmen, Koryak da Ainu. By tsakiyar XIX karni can ya fara bayyana Evenki. A XVII karni gwamnatin Rasha ta fara fadada Siberia da kuma Far East. 1632 ya zama shekara na kafuwar Yakutsk. A karkashin jagorancin Cossack Semyon Shelkovnikova a kan tekun na Tekun Okhotsk shi, ya shirya da bukka a 1647. Yau, wannan wuri ne Rasha tashar jiragen ruwa - Okhotsk. A ci gaba da Rasha Far East ci gaba. Saboda haka, da tsakiyar karni XVII explorers Khabarov da Poyarkov zo kudu daga Yakutsk Burg. A cikin waɗansu kõguna na Amur da Zeya suka ci karo da kabilu wanda ya biya haraji ga Sin daular Qing. A sakamakon haka, na farko rikici Nerchinsk yarjejeniya da aka kulla tsakanin kasashen biyu. A daidai da Cossacks shi ya auku da Qing Empire yankin kafa a kan ƙasashe Albazinskogo lardin. A daidai da yarjejeniyar m diplomasiyya da cinikayya a tsakaninsu. karkashin yarjejeniyar a kan iyakar gudu arewa tare da kogin. Gorbitz da ridges na Amur tasa. Rashin tabbas zauna a filin wasa na Tekun Okhotsk. Nerazgranichennymi sun yankunan tsakanin ridges da Taykansky Kivun. By karshen XVII karni Rasha Cossacks da Kozyrevsky Atlasov bincike da aka fara Kamchatka Larabawa. A farkon rabin karni XVIII shi aka kafa a cikin Rasha.

XVIII karni

A 1724, a kan Kamchatka Larabawa, Peter na aika ta farko balaguro. Ya gangarawa ta Vitus Bering. Godiya ga aikin bincike Rasha kimiyya yana da muhimmanci da bayanai game da gabashin Siberia. Wannan, musamman, shi ne wani zamani Magadan da kuma Kamchatka yankuna. Akwai sabon katunan da aka fayyace lura na Far Eastern Coast da kuma mashigar, wadda aka daga baya suna da Bering Sea. biyu balaguro aka kafa a 1730. Ta jagoranci Chirikov da Bering. The aiki na balaguro ya isa gaba of America. Interest, musamman, wakilci Alaska da kuma Aleutian Islands. Nazarin na Kamchatka a cikin XVIII karni suka tsunduma Chichagov, Steller, Krasheninnikov.

XIX karni

A wannan lokacin, shi ya fara aiki ci gaban da Rasha Far East. Wannan ya ƙwarai da gudummawar da weakening na Qing Empire. Ta a 1840 aka hannu a cikin Opium War 1. Soja da hada sojojin na Faransa da kuma Ingila, a Guangzhou da kuma Macau bukatar manyan abu da kuma mutum albarkatun. A arewa na kasar Sin ya zauna da kusan ba tare da wani cover, wannan kuma ya yi amfani da Rasha. Ta, tare da sauran Turai iko, ya dauki bangare a cikin sashe weakening na Qing Empire. A 1850, a bakin Amur komai a fili Lieutenant Nevel. Akwai da ya kafa wani soja post. Tabbatar da ganin cewa gwamnatin zamanin daular Qing ya ba gano daga kufan da Opium War kuma nasaba da ayyukan barke Taiping tayarwa, da kuma, daidai da, ba zai iya bayar da wani isasshen martani ga da'awar da Rasha, Nevel yanke shawarar da ya bayyana cikin tekun na Tatar Prospect Island da kuma bakin Amur m dũkiyarku ba. A 1854, 14 May, Count Muraviev, yana da data samu daga Nevelsk, babu kasar Sin ta soja raka'a shirya kogin rafting. The balaguro ne steamer "Argun", 29 floats, 48 jiragen da kuma game da 800 mutane. A lokacin gami tarin harsasai, sojoji da kuma kayayyaki da aka tsĩrar. Part na soja suka tafi Kamchatka Sea karfafa sojojin Bitrus da Bulus. Sauran sun for sale a kan tsohon yankin na Amur yankin kasar Sin da bincike shirin. na biyu gami da aka gudanar a shekara daga baya. Yana da aka samu halartar game 2.5 dubu mutane. By karshen 1855, da shekara 'yan ƙauyuka da aka shirya a cikin ƙananan kai na da Amur River: Sergeevskoe, Novo-Mikhailovsky, Bogorodskoye, Irkutsk. A 1858 da dama banki a hukumance aka annexed zuwa Rasha daidai da Aigun yarjejeniyar. A general, ya kamata a lura da cewa Rasha ta siyasa a cikin Far East bai da wani m yanayi. Yarjejeniyar sanya hannu tare da sauran jihohi ba tare da yin amfani da soja da karfi.

kasa wuri

Far East na Rasha a cikin matsananci kudu da iyakar Korea ta Arewa, a kudu maso gabashin Japan. A cikin matsananci arewa-maso-gabas da Bering mashigar - tare da Amurka. Wani jihar da ke da iyaka da Far East (Rasha) - China. Bugu da kari ga administrative, akwai wani rabo na DFO. Saboda haka, abin da ake kira ware yankunan da Rasha Far East. Wannan shi ne wani fairly babban yankin. Arewa maso gabas Siberia, na farko na wanda kamar yayi dace da gabashin Yakutia (dutsen yankunan da gabas da Aldan kuma Lena). Arewa Pritihookeanskaya kasar - na biyu zone. Yana hada da gabashin ɓangare na Magadan yankin., Chukotka cin gashin kanta District, da arewacin Khabarovsk Abuja. Don shi ma ya hada da Kuril Islands da Kamchatka. A abun da ke ciki na Amur-Sakhalin kasashen EAO Amur yankin., The kudancin Khabarovsk Abuja. Har ila yau, tana nufin Sakhalin Island da kuma Primorsky Krai. Tsakiya da kuma Kudancin Siberia, Yakutia hada da, ban da ta gabashin.

sauyin yanayi

Ya kamata a ce cewa Rasha Far East yana da wani fairly babban har. Wannan bayyana musamman sauyin yanayi bambanci. Cikin Yakutia da Magadan yankuna na Kolyma yankin, misali, sharply nahiyar Marinjãyi. Kuma a kudu-maso-gabas - monsoon irin sauyin yanayi. Wannan bambancin da aka ƙaddara da hulda da marine da kuma nahiyar iska talakawa a temperate latitudes. Don kudu ne halin da sharply-monsoon sauyin yanayi da kuma teku da mussonoobrazny zuwa arewa. Wannan shi ne sakamakon da hulda da ƙasar a Arewa Asia da Pacific. Musamman tasiri a kan sauyin yanayi da yanayin yana da Okhotsk Sea da Primorsk sanyi halin yanzu tare da bakin tekun na Tekun Japan. Daidai da muhimmanci a wannan yanki, kuma yana da duwatsu ƙasa. A nahiyar ɓangare na Far Eastern Tarayya District of hunturu da kadan snow da kuma sanyi.

Features Weather

Summer ne zafi da isa, amma gwada da takaice. Game da jihar bakin teku yankunan, akwai ake yin dusar ƙanƙara winters da kuma m, spring ne sanyi da kuma lingering, dumi da kuma dogon kaka da kuma gwada da sanyi kuma lokacin bazaar. A Coast ne m cyclones, hazo, typhoons da kuma nauyi dogon ruwa sama sosai. A tsawo daga snow a kan Kamchatka Larabawa iya zama har zuwa shida mita. A kusa da kudancin yankunan, da hakan cikin zafi. Saboda haka, a kudancin Primorye shi ne quite sau da yawa kafa a kusa da 90%. Kusan daukacin yankin Far East a lokacin rani ne dogon ruwa sama sosai. Wannan, bi da bi, ya haddasa ambaliyar ruwa-din-din, ambaliya a gonakinsa da kuma zama gine-gine. A Far East, tsawo lokaci tare da m da kuma bayyana yanayin. Yana da quite na kowa da aka dauke su ci gaba da ruwan sama da dama days. Wannan irin bambancin da Rasha Far East ne daban-daban daga "m" Turai ɓangare na Rasha. A tsakiyar ɓangare na Far Eastern Tarayya District akwai kuma ƙura hadari. Sun zo daga cikin hamadar arewacin kasar Sin da kuma Mongolia. A mahimmin juzu'in Far East aka daidaita tare da ko dai da High Arewa (banda EAO, kudu da Amur yankin., Primorsky da Khabarovsk yankuna).

albarkatun kasa

A Far East, albarkatun kasa reserves ne manyan isa. Wannan ya yale shi ya zama a kan manyan wuraren a cikin tattalin arzikin na Rasha Federation a yawan wurare. Saboda haka, Far East a Rasha samarwa asusun 98% Diamonds 80% tin, 90% boron albarkatun kasa, 14% tungsten, 50% zinariya, 40% abincin teku da kuma kifi, 80% na waken soya, 7% cellulose itace 13%. Daga cikin babban sassa na DFO kamata a lura da hakan ma'adinai da kuma wadanda ba ferrous karfe aiki, ɓangaren litattafan almara da kuma takarda, kama kifi, da gandunan daji, jirgin gyara da kuma Shipbuilding.

rassan

A Far East, ainihin kudin shiga kawo gandunan daji, kiwon kifi, ma'adinai, wadanda ba ferrous karfe. Wadannan masana'antu asusu na fiye da rabin dukkan marketable kayayyakin. Underdeveloped dauke aiki ikon yinsa. Lokacin da aikawa raw yankin shan wahala asarar a cikin nau'i na darajar kara da cewa. DFO Yanã da wani gagarumin nesa kai ribace-ribace. Suna nuna a cikin darajar sharuddan da yawa tattalin arziki sassa.

albarkatun ma'adinai

A cikin asusun ajiyar Far East bautar wani abu matsayi a cikin Rasha Federation. By girma, tin, boron, akwai a nan, antimony a cikin tsari na 95% na jimlar yawan albarkatun kasar. A fluorspar da Mercury asusun for game da 60% Tungsten - 24%, tama, apatite, 'yan qasar sulfur da gubar - 10%. A Jamhuriyar Sakha, a arewa maso yammacin part, shi ne diamondiferous lardin, da most a duniya. Adibas "Aikhal", "Aminci", "nasara" sa up fiye da 80% na jimlar lu'u-lu'u reserves a Rasha. Tabbatar da reserves tama a kudancin Yakutia lissafi don fiye da biliyan 4. M. Wannan shi ne game da 80% na yankin girma. Muhimmanci wadannan reserves da kuma a cikin Yahudawa mai cin gashin kanta. A Kudu Yakutsky Lena da daruna ne manyan adibas na ci. Its adibas ne ma ba a Khabarovsk, Primorsky Biranan, da Amur yankin. A Jamhuriyar Sakha, Magadan yankin ne bude da kuma ci gaba placer da lode zinariya adibas. Similar adibas da aka samu a cikin Khabarovsk da Primorsky yankuna. A cikin wadannan yankunan shi ne mayar da hankali hakar ma'adinai na tungsten, kuma tin ores. Gubar da tutiya reserves sun mayar da hankali mafi yawa a cikin Primorsky Abuja. A Khabarovsk Territory da Amur Region ne alama titanovorudnaya lardin. Bugu da kari ya na sama, akwai kuma ba na ƙarfe ba ma'adanai adibas. Wannan, musamman, adibas na farar ƙasa, fireclay, graphite, sulfur, ma'adini yashi.

geostrategic matsayi

DFO ne na girma geopolitical muhimmancin ga Rasha Federation. Ga akwai damar zuwa biyu tekuna: Arctic da Pacific. Ganin high kudi na raya kasa na Asia-Pacific yankin, hadewa a cikin DFO shi ne sosai alamar rahama ga fatherland. Tare da wani m hanya na kasuwanci DV iya zama "gada" a cikin Asia-Pacific yankin.

A birnin Far East Rasha: jerin

Domin babbar Metropolitan yankunan hada da Vladivostok, Khabarovsk. Wadannan birane ne Rasha Far East ne na tattalin arziki da geo-dabarun muhimmancin ga Rasha Federation. Sosai alamar rahama ne Blagoveshchensk, Komsomolsk-on-Amur, Nakhodka, Ussuriisk. Na musamman muhimmancin shi ne dukan yankin Yakutsk. Ya kamata a lura cewa akwai miyagun garuruwa. Mafi yawan su suna located in Chukotka. Wannan shi ne saboda yafi ga m yankunan da matsananci yanayin yanayi.