A mafi tsawo da dare daga cikin shekara - hunturu solstice

21 ga Disamba, 2012 ne mafi impressionable na bil'adama jiran karshen duniya - cikakken Chronology na Maya kalanda. A Arewa Hemisphere da mafi tsawo dare kõma sufi da muhimmanci na shekara. Ancient firistoci da aka sani astronomical sabon abu solstice rana, ko da yake zuwa karshen su fahimta ta haddasawa, sun iya ba.

Lokaci na rana da kuma yanayi

Complex astronomical tsarin, ɓangare na abin da yake cikin ƙasa, shi ne na musamman. An tabbatar da cewa Concepts kamar "rana" da "dare" ne ba a sani ba ga mafi taurari wajen hasken rana tsarin. Babban gungu na taurari, da hali na cibiyar na galaxy, kada ka bar ba tare da haske taurari da kuma sarari abubuwa da akwai doguwar kewaye da su. A wani batu na duniya, sa'ad da rana shanku kasa 18 ° kasa sararin sama zo da astronomical dare.

tsoho rayuwar mutum ta dogara a kan yanayin halin da take ciki, daga canji na yanayi. Ya sauri kafa wani juna a cikin motsi haske a cikin shakka daga cikin shekara, lokacin kiranka na dogara m ga noma lokaci na rana tsawo sama da sararin sama. A tsakiyar da kuma high latitudes, inda rashin halitta haske ne musamman m, mafi tsawo da dare daga cikin shekara nufi da cewa mafi duhu lokaci na shekara ya wuce, kuma da rana za a bit daina tsaya a kan palate.

Equinox da solstice

Solstice - a lokacin da canza shugabanci na yau da kullum canji na tsororuwar a cikin sama, wanda ya kai haske a tsakiyar rana, tsakanin fitowar rana da kuma faɗuwar rana. Wannan canji - Yunƙurin ko zuriya - m, inda hakan ya saukar ga 'yan kwanaki, idan alama kamar rana da tsakar rana ne kusan guda tsawo sama da sararin sama. Saboda haka sunan da solstice kwanaki.

Hunturu da kuma bazara a arewacin yammancin duniya - lokacin da culmination kullum hawa mafi girma da kuma mafi girma. Rana da dare ne daidai a tsawon zuwa ranar da vernal equinox (a kusa Maris 20), wanda ke nufin cewa farko na astronomical spring. Yunƙurin na rana nufi ya kai ta koli a kan Yuni 20-21, da kuma baya tsari.

Around 22 Satumba equinox kiwon farkon fall cikin sharuddan da motsi na Sun kuma Duniya. Kowane rana, a lokacin hasken rana zama guntu for 'yan mintoci sai ya fara da mafi tsawo da dare daga cikin shekara - hunturu solstice, farkon astronomical hunturu.

Karkatar axis duniya

yana da lokaci da kuma yanayi lokaci domin kowane takamaiman batu a farfajiya na duniya. A kan canji na rana da kuma shekara-shekara da zazzabi hawan keke shafi Duniya ta kewayewa a kusa da rãnã da duniyar tamu ta juyawa a kusa da axis. A wannan yanayin da axis na juyawa ne karkata a 23,5 °. Saboda wannan, da farfajiya na arewacin yammancin duniya samun kasa hasken rana kai tsaye, da kuma arewacin iyakacin duniya yankuna ne lokaci mai tsawo ba su isa a duk, da kuma a cikin hunturu akwai zo da iyakacin duniya dare.

A sifili latitud - a ekweita - da longitude na rana ne game da wannan a ko'ina cikin shekara, kuma shi ne game da 12 hours. A Kudancin Hemisphere, tsowon lokacin hasken rana ne inversely alaka da lokaci na shekara: tare da kwanaki na arshe na Satumba zuwa karshen watan Maris da shi ne fiye da 12 hours a cikin bazara da kuma bazara - kasa. A mafi tsawo da dare daga cikin shekara, a kudancin latitudes da dama a kan Yuni 22.

Farms kuma allunan

Kayyade da tsawon rana da dare ko da yaushe da jũna muhimmanci ga kasuwanci shiryawa mutane. Ko da a cikin tsakiyar zamanai akwai musamman na'urorin, da kuma bayanai a kan tsawon lokacin da rana da aka buga a cikin kalanda da kalanda. A su yaushe za ka iya sanin ko nawa yana da guntu rana. Daban-daban tsarin na Chronology, dauka a daban-daban al'adu, da gyare-gyare na kalandar, da gyara na astronomical da ƙungiyoyin lokaci, sãɓã wa jũnamai ya kai ga cewa hunturu solstice kowace shekara bambanta da kwanan wata.

Yau akwai wata duniya lokacin, a mafi Turai da kuma Amurka da Gregorian kalanda, don haka gano abin da lambar mafi tsawo da dare a dama yanki na duniya, yana yiwuwa ga na musamman Tables. Saboda haka, a shekarar 2016 da hunturu solstice - 21 ga Disamba, 10 hours kuma 44 minutes. A tsawon lokaci na dare da rana - 17 hours.

Hadisai da bikin

Tun Neolithic sau solstices samu magana a cikin rituals da kuma gine-gine na daban-daban al'ummai. Shahararren Stonehenge duwatsu nuna a irin wannan hanyar da ya nuna matsayin da rana a rana, wanda kiwon farkon astronomical hunturu.

A arewacin latitudes, akwai zo da wani dogon lokaci na jiran bazara, sau da yawa da mafi wuya lokaci na shekara. Na yi yanka, saboda bace makiyaya, balaga da giya da kuma ruwan inabi an girbe a fall. Tare da farko na hunturu holidays. A Slavs - Kolyada, solstice, da Jamus, a ranar da mafi tsawo dare bikin Jodl.

An muhimmanci na wannan rana, mutane suka ga cewa mafi tsawo da dare ya wuce, da rana ta fara da za a kara da cewa, wanda ke nufin cewa akwai sauran bege ga abu akan sake haihuwa na yanayi, wani imani da rai madawwami. Ba da gangan kisa ga rana na hunturu solstice yana Kirsimeti biki.