Pushkin ta lokaci kasida: jerin ayyukan

Poets na Pushkin ta lokaci - a sabon abu da yake na zinariya da shekaru Rasha shayari kuma ayyana tsarin 1810-1830 gg. (Domin reference: bi - Azurfa Age - yana da iyaka 1894-1929 gg.). Idan zinariya hasken rana ba, da dare wata - azurfa, amma shi ke wani labari, kuma shi ne ma quite ban sha'awa.

To, ta yaya akwai irin wannan abu - "kasida na Pushkin ta lokaci"? Kusa da Pushkin halitta da yawa m lyricists. Amma wannan da'irar ne ma'ana ga sa kasida da suke kusa da babban litattafansu a cikin ruhu, shared tare da shi da ra'ayoyinsu na falsafa, zamantakewa da jama'a wuri, da'a da kuma ado imani, mutanen da suka yi jãyayya da wannan wallafe-wallafen husũma.

Poets Pushkin Times: jerin

By jawo sama da wannan jerin, don haka kana bukatar da za a kusanta sosai a hankali. Idan ya zama dole don tabbatar da Zhukovsky Batiushkov kuma D. Davidov, sa'an nan Lermontov, Koltsov Polezhaeva kuma an riga an kira su da poslepushkinskoy zamanin, kamar yadda suka kasance wasu matsaloli da kuma pathos a wakoki.

Duk da haka, mafi sau da yawa shi ne ya yi ĩmãni da cewa kasida na Pushkin ta lokaci - shi ne mutane da suka rayu da aiki a lokaci daya tare da Pushkin. Kuma ko ta yaya kusa sũ, sun kasance a ruhaniya da kuma daga wata wallafe-wallafen ra'ayi, da babban waƙen, ya hukunci kawai cewa su aka tsunduma a shayari a lokaci guda, da kuma kullum inganta basira da koyo daga juna.

Saboda haka, waɗanda suke kasida na Pushkin ta lokaci? Jerin, ba shakka, za ka fara da fasaha irin su V. A. Zhukovsky ( "Svetlana", "Sea", "Lyudmila," "Sarkin Forest," "Maraice"), K. Batyushkov ( "Dream", " sako daga I. M. Muravevu-Apostol "," My hearth "," Ariosto da Tasso "," Petrarch "), PA Vyazemsky (" ba mai sãkẽwa ba flower "," hawaye na ban kwana "," Village coci "," Sarki Peas "" Good mutane "), DV Davydov (" mahajjaci "," Borodino filin "," Hussar ikirari "," My song "," Hikimar "," ina son ka saboda ... "," Siskin da kuma fure "), F. N. Glinka (" a piiticheskoy Pushkin ta rayuwa "," muqala a kan yakin Borodino "," Ayuba, free odrazhanie cikin Littafin Ayuba, "" Hurray! Don buga uku da zarar "), M. V. Milonov (" Wajen Rubella "," Don 'yar uwata "," Faduwar da ganye "," Message ga manoman "), PA Katenin ( "Natasha", "kisan kai", "Goblin", "Olga", "Andromache") da kuma wasu da suka riga sun faru sun marubuta, da kuma wasu sun yawa mazan kuma mafi gogaggen fiye da Pushkin kansa. Duk da haka, bayan ganawa tare da shi suka zama sane da da iko effects, da dan Adam da kuma m.

Mafi na kowa da kuma rare taken na zinariya shekaru wakoki da wani m sako. Poets Pushkin Times Batyushkov da Zhukovsky, wanda ya dauke masa malamai sun magabatansu, amma sai wannan irin shayari kammalã da kuma ci gaba Pushkin kansa. Alexander kaunace Batiushkov da kuma kira shi da wani "Falsafa kansa ilimi sakamako» da kuma «Parnassian farin ciki sloth" saboda Batiushkov waqe sãɓã wa jũna euphony ko, mafi daidai, wani m sauti. Ya buga m alliteration, wanda maimaita baƙi "s": "Farin Ciki a cikin spring Yunƙurin". "Lovelier spring" da sauransu. D.

Takwarorinsu-lyceum

Sa'an nan a cikin wannan jerin dole kuma sun hada da 'yan ajinsu, makarantar sakandare dalibai, da kuma kusa abokai: V. K. Kyuhelbekera ( "Griboyedov", "Ode ga mutuwar Byron", "Argives," "A cikin 1829", "A rabo daga Rasha kasida"), A. A. Delviga ( "A. S. Pushkinu", "hawaye na soyayya", "Sonnet", "Epilogue") da kuma A. D. Illichevskogo ( "Hope", "Oktoba 19", "uku Blind Man", "The Merry da kuma dalilin "," bricklayer kuma kafinta "). Af, na karshe na gaske fara'a da Pushkin kira "da amiable wit", "aboki kuma maƙiyi" kamar yadda ya yi aka dauke da babban abokin adawarsa a wakoki.

Mun kasance a kan cewa jerin, kuma Sahaban da suka hadu da wani babban waƙen a daban-daban lokaci na rayuwarsa, da kuma, ba shakka, saboda nasu giftedness da kuma iyawa, suka har yanzu samu ta hanyar zuwa cikin art na wallafe-wallafe. Wannan NM Harsuna ( "The hadari", "Spring", "A. S. Pushkinu", "Trigorskoye", "Morning"), EA Baratynsky ( "Achilles", "Muse", "waterfall") . Su m hanyoyi shi kusata, sa'an nan rabu da Pushkin.

Don wannan jerin mu iya ƙara wani rukuni - mutanen da suka yi sosai kadan iyawa, amma bayan da fuskantar da iko da tasiri na hali da kuma fara'a da Pushkin ta baiwa, sosai sauki koyi da topic da sauƙi na wani fili da kuma m poetic style. Yana KF Ryleev ( "Ivan Susanin", "Mutuwa Ermak", "Dimitriy Samozvanets"), FA Tumansky ( "Birdy," "Elegy", "Mahaifa, mahaifiyata"), VI Tumansky ( "Odessa "," Singer, "" Tiff "," Sasanta "), V. G. Teplyakov (" Loneliness "," White shafukan "," Tsarki "," My haihuwa lady "), DP Oznobishin (" Wreath " "The asiri na annabi," "kishi aljan", "Duma"), A. I. Podolinsky ( "da yawa", "Vertical", "Darasi", "Star"), da sauransu.

koyi

A wannan jerin akwai wasu koyi da epigones na Pushkin, wanda ya kawai ya ci poetic iyawa daga cikin manyan baiwa (PA Pletnev, M. D. Delaryu, V. N. Schastny, AA Shishkov, E. F. Rozen) .

A general, duk wadannan sunayen - shi ne mawãƙi Pushkin ta lokaci. Davydov, duk da haka, wani mazan zamani Pushkin, nasa ne girman kai na wuri a cikin wannan jerin. Pushkin tunani sosai da ya poetic ayyukansu, kuma shi ya tafi kõfatansu a kan duwatsu zuwa "ƙunci" ayoyin.

Hussar Davydov da wani musamman da kuma sosai asali poetic murya. Ya sa a kan wani wallafe-wallafen mask jarumi da kuma m, witty, kõfatansu a kan duwatsu da kuma m mawãƙi revelers, da mawãƙi-swordsman suka taba hesitated karya da saba zamantakewa Da'a da kuma decorum, yayin da ya fi sauki da kuma-gaskiya da kalmomi cutesy mannerisms, daga abin da ya kasance gundura .

Gusar-mawãƙi

Lalle ne, da nisa daga kasancewa angelvmi da shi shi ne kasida na Pushkin ta lokaci. Davydov Denis Vasilevich tsakanin m abokai kasance a shirye domin kowane exploits, kuma tsunduma a "free cin duniya" tsakanin ta faɗa. Ya ba su iya tsayawa careerists da fafutuka, duk ja tef da kuma rawar soja. Shi ne ko da yaushe, har ma a lokacin da gajeren sauran, kada ka manta game da motherland da kuma soja wajibi a gaban ta. Da shayari ne musamman a cikin nasu hanya, shi da aka haifa a cikin fadace-fadace, yakin, da kuma jinkiri tsakanin fadace-fadace, da kuma cewa ya yi girman kai na.

Very asali mawãƙi Pushkin ta lokaci. Davydov Denis Vasilevich Kamar yadda wani misali daga cikin mask kõfatansu a kan duwatsu hussar da mawãƙi razgulnika, don haka gumi more kuma shi bai dauki kashe, idan garwaya da shi.

A cikin lyrics busa "hussar" songs, satirical waqe da soyayya elegy, ya halicci wani sabon nau'in gwarzo - jarumi-Bakan'ane, da 'yancin-ƙauna, aiki, tare da bude zuciya mutum.

Vyazemsky - wani mawãƙi Pushkin ta lokaci

Ci gaba da taken lalle, dã a lura da cewa Pushkin auna kuma suna aukaka Vyazemsky. Yana da jũna a gare shi cewa shi ne kafa da yanayi Keen kuma daidai gabar wayewar. A wani dada Malamai mutumin encyclopedic ilmi.

Bayan Vyazemskij - shigeba, da kuma sharhi na Rasha Romanticism. Amma a cikin rubuce-rubucen, ya na son su shiga cikin muhawara, wanda ya ba da ayyukansu a wasu rashin ruwa da kuma dan kadan muffled wani tunanin da kuma romantic yanayi. Ya poetic al'adu da aka sosai kama da Pushkin. Vyazemsky dauki kansa da magaji na XVIII karni, a fan of Faransa masana falsafa kamar Voltaire, da suke m Age mai haske.

Pyotr Andreyevich Vyazemsky fito a matsayin wani mawãƙi saboda soyayya na ilimi da kuma dalili, shi ya janyo hankalin liberalism, ya kasance mai free-zurfin tunani, da yin jihãdi ga m farar hula da kuma gwamnatin ayyuka. Duk da haka, a cikin aikinsa, shi ya kasance wani ra'ayin mazan jiya, kuma mafi kula zuwa hanyoyin shayari - 'yanci-m Ode sada sakon, melancholic elegy, tatsuniya, misalai, epigrams, satire da didactics.

A. A. Delvig

Daya mawãƙi Pushkin ta lokaci ne Anton Antonovich Delvig cewa, sabanin Vyazemsky, ya romanticism saye da na gargajiya nau'o'i. Ya yi amfani da zamanin d, Roman kuma Greek, poetic girma kuma Muka zãɓe shi da shayari Genre idyll. Ga misali, da sakamako daga cikin wannan scene faruwa a wani sanyi shirun karkashin bishiyoyi a cikin kyalkyali Madogararsa. Ya lyrical - cikkaken ba ma canza su ji da kuma sha'awa. Daya daga cikin mafi kyau da ya waqe ake kira - "Idyll". A nan sai ya gaya labarin mai girma soyayya na biyu matasa, wanda aka kiyaye shi zuwa juna har abada. A cikin lyrical almara ya ya iya kai halin da ake ciki, da zurfin da kuma nobility na wadannan m ji. The sosai yanayin da alloli da kuma yarda da ikon su, kuma koda lokacin da haruffa ne matattu, mafi girma sojojin tsaron harshen su soyayya.

Lokacin da karanta ayyukan Delvig zai iya ze cewa shi marigayi classicist, wanda ya bayyana a cikin romantic lokaci (da shi ya gaya ta style, girman da Genre, dauka kawai a classicists). Amma zaton da shi zuwa gare su ba lallai ba ne. Delvig - real romantic okin na dogon-rasa zamanin da, da contingent duniya na gargajiya jituwa da jituwa.

Shi ne masanan basu ji dadin a yau jama'a, inda a can ya dade da gaskiya soyayya da aminci, inda wani mutum ji dissonance tare da jama'a, game da kansu da kuma jin tsoron nan gaba. Delvig gabatar da Genre idyll sabon abu ga wannan salo na baƙin ciki ne ga karshen zinariya shekaru.

Pushkin, a cikin al'amarin amince da Delwig, ya kuma fahimci cewa wani jitu da kyau, jima ko daga baya mutu, amma daga baya ya koma, kawai wannan lokaci a cikin wani mabanbanta form. Baƙin ciki, kuma bala'i, bakin ciki da kuma bakin ciki, kazalika da dukan abin da yake da kyau, - wucin gadi baƙi a cikin wannan duniya da kuma, da rashin alheri, ba su da ikon har abada.

Kyakkyawan kambi da ake kira zinariya shekaru na kasida ne Pushkin ta lokaci. Delvig - wani m ta ado.

NM Harsuna

Quite daban-daban a cikin sautin da aka da shayari Nikolaya Mihaylovicha Yazykova, wanda ya rubuta game da romantic pathos na 'yanci. Ya yi imani da shi haka unrestrainedly m da m kwarewa rayuwa. Harsuna - mawãƙi Pushkin ta lokaci, wanda ya ƙaunace rayuwa da kuma ko da yaushe murna ta wildness a duk da manifestations. Irin wannan hali ba ya dogara ne a kan wani falsafa ko ra'ayin siyasa, shi ne m. Harsuna ba bincika da kuma kokarin fahimtar. Ya lyrics mayar da hankali a kan yanayin mutum a matsayin wani sarki da kuma free kasancewarsa. A wasu daga cikin halittun har yanzu slipping wasu gloom da kuma bakin ciki, amma shi ne sosai rare, irin haka ne kusan na musamman. Wannan jiha na hankali ba tsoratarwa, ba raunana, da kuma sauki isa shawo kan.

The poetic harshen marubucin ya bayyana a fili da kuma m jihar elation da kuma wani babban kauna ga rayuwa. Saboda haka ta tsakiyar nau'o'i - waka da gõde. Harsuna na iya zama wani salo, ko yana da wani elegy ko wani song, song, ko sakon, to juya a cikin wani waƙar yabon Allah, ko wani eulogy. Kuma suka daure su a mamaye da ni'ima da farin ciki.

Don koyon yadda za a fili bayyana wannan 'yanci a matsayin wata romantic ni'ima daga cikin zuciya, da harshen juya zuwa Pushkin, wanda ya taimaka kawo poetic style ga kamala. Rabe-raben harsuna abubuwa gudana ba tare da cikas, da kalmar zahiri nẽmi dawwama a juna, ƙware da poetic lokaci, ya iya sabunta aikinsa ba tare da karshen. Misali - sakon "D. V. Davydov. "

EA Baratynsky

Idan zargi Yazikova Sahaban a talauci tunani, a wani mawãƙi, Baratynsky, masu karatu ba gamsar da wuce haddi.

Samun m Evgeniya Abramovicha Baratynskogo, na farko ya kamata a lura da cewa bayan Pushkin ne mafi babban waƙen ya tsara, wanda ya zo adabi bayan Zhukovsky da Batyushkov. A cikin shayari, yafi mamaye Elegies kuma Poems. Ya taba zo a cikin Rasha shayari matsayin kyakkyawan mawãƙi elegik.

Very daban-daban su ne m ideas mawãƙi Pushkin ta lokaci. Baratynsky sosai daban-daban daga takwarorinsu a Peru da kuma Batiushkov Zhukovsky, wanda kullum fatan for mafi kyau. Zhukovsky ya gamsu da cewa farin ciki ne madawwami jira ga mutãne, a cikin sauran duniya, da kuma cewa shi ne inda za su sami zaman lafiya, da natsuwa da kuma soyayya. Batyushkov bayan "aramin falsafa" a cikin abin da ya nuna cewa an haifi mutum zuwa wani m secluded rai da kuma son da zarar ya fado kuma nan da nan ya fara neman tsari da addini.

Amma Baratynsky masanan basu ji dadin a kome da kome, bai yi imani a cikin jituwa da zaman lafiya a duniya, da yawa kasa a cikin sama, kuma kunyi shakka yiwuwar farin ciki "a nan" da "akwai." A cewar shi, da mutumin da farko bifurcated da karya da kuma saboda haka ba zai iya samun wata jituwa da ransa ko da waje duniya. Ya yi imani da cewa shi ne dokar duniya domin.

Baratynsky sosai ban sha'awa speculates cewa mutum jiki ne da mutum da kuma mamaye a cikin ƙasa, da kuma rai ne kullum tsage a cikin sama, kuma shi ne m. Amma sau da yawa, da rai ba ya tsaya duk duniya kuma irin abubuwan da ya mutu gabanin jiki, da kuma jiki kamar yadda shi ya zama bã tãre da dalilin da hankula, da kuma haka m. Haka kuma an yi tsammani cewa mutum bai wa so da wanda ya rayu iskar da cikakken, amma rayuwa kanta matse a wani sosai kunkuntar lokaci na ƙaddara.

Duk wadannan saba wa juna iya ba bace kuma soke ba, kuma ba sulhu, tun da shi ne dokar da rai. Baratynsky - ƙokwanto, ya kasance ba haka ba damu game bayyana a cikin wannan takaici kamar yadda kawai tunani game da shi. Game da rayuwarsa, sai ya ce kamar yadda makawa ga mutum wahalar da ke tafiya tare da shi daga haifuwa zuwa mutuwa.

A cikin aikin Baratynsky Sahaban ga wani talented mawãƙi Pushkin farko makaranta. Amma daga baya, aikinsa bai fahimci zargi. Amma da Rasha Symbolists, ya aka gane a matsayin manyan kuma m Lyricist da kuma Falsafa da kokarin farin cikin poetic Lines na wani abu mai bayyanawa da wuya a aika.

darajar

Pushkin ta lokaci kasida ba ko da yaushe aiki a wani yanayi na zaman lafiya da jituwa. Su wallafe-wallafen tattaunawa sau da yawa ya tafi mugun, cizon kuma uncompromising gardama ce kawai hare-hare a cikin tattaunawa sosai sau da yawa m girman kai adawar.

Kamar yadda ka gani, akwai wasu matsaloli a cikin wallafe-wallafen rayuwa, amma shayari na da ake kira Pushkin ta lokaci ci gaba cikin sauri, kuma kai wani babban al'adu. Kuma ba shakka, aka daure su da shi a cikin ta farko wuri A. S. Pushkinu, warai, a kan matakin baiwa cewa sun auku a Rasha inji ga halittar shayari kuma shayari dovedshy kalmomi m ga kamala.

Pushkin ta lokaci kasida bude mana da zinariya shekaru na Rasha adabi, wanda ya kasance yarda da juna, lokacin glittering m jirgin na cikin gida Muses. Kuma yanzu muna da damar da za su ji dadin su m ayyukansu.

ƙarshe

Hakika, ba kawai don Pushkin rinjãye harshen Rasha shayari ya halayyar, amma shi ya kasance da rana a cikin sama, wanda jawo hankalin kamar yadda mu planetary tsarin da sauran haske da kuma kyalkyali, da kyau-alama poetic duniyar tamu, wanda kowannensu yana da ikon jawo hankalin a cikin kewayar falakinsa more karami da tauraron dan adam.

Poets Pushkin Times - a majestic kafuwar duk Rasha shayari. Tare da su kerawa dole bukatar saduwa da kuma gano yiwu. Abin takaici, wannan lokaci vzroschennaya Pushkin galaxy na kasida a zahiri sosai high, da kuma, babu wata hanyar magana game da kowane daya. Dukan su zama babban ado na bohemian duniya wakoki.