Art na XX karni. Futurism a adabi da kuma zanen

A nuna na kadan "girgiza» XIX da XX ƙarni duniya. M girma na masana'antu samar, da tabbatarwa daga tsarin jari-hujja, da ta stringent da kuma hadin hali zuwa rayuwa ga mutum, inverted sani mutane, tsananta da sabani tsakanin m unhurried akida na fita karni da na halitta wildness na zuwan karni. Kuma ko ta yaya wuya ya yarda da wadannan sabon dokokin rayuwa, ko ta yaya wuya ya zuwa raba da saba da masoyi, canje-canje sun makawa, kuma na farko da mayar da martani ga su ta taso a zukatan m mutane kamar yadda mafi sa samun abinci jin farko na sabon zamanin.

A 1909, a Italiya Tommaso Marinetti ta Futurist Shelar saki - wani sabon shugabanci a art, babban ra'ayin na wanda shi ne cikakken negation na kafa ka'idodin halittar ayyukan art. Kuma idan wani avant-garde ƙungiyoyi a art da kuma adabi fara tare da musu na canons da hadisai, da futurism musamman nasara a cikin wannan, tun da musamman ta'addanci. Marinetti, babban aiki na sabon shugabanci sanar kullum cin mutumcin da bagaden Arts da kuma kiyaye matsayin manyan al'amurra ikon, zalunci, motsi da halaka.

A Rasha, farkon XX karni, rikice a zukatan mai girma, da artists aka neman sabon siffofin magana wuya lokaci, don haka da cewa wani kunno kai Trend in art akwai kuma wani m mayar da martani, da kuma Futurism ya ba togiya. A akasin wannan, Futurism a adabi da kuma zanen a Rasha ya tartsatsi ne. Yawancin shahararrun marubuta da masu kasida, kuma daga baya kunshe a cikin tarihin al'adu (Mayakovsky, I. Arewa, V. Khlebnikov, D. Burliuk, B. Pasternak), ya fara fita a matsayin memba na da yawa futuristic da'ira, cikin shirin theses da yawa manifestos shelar da ka'idodin sabon art motsi sun zuwa gare su da yawa ya fi muhimmanci fiye da art. Cubo-Futurists, Izza-Futurists, kuma stsientisty Suprematists da vsek nichevoki, ya bugi jama'a tunanin ba kawai domin hushi kalamai game gargajiya art, amma kuma domin da sabon abu kerawa, kazalika da sosai eccentric antics. Mutane da yawa daga cikinsu sun kasance quite kyau "kera" kansu. Su ba kawai aiki da sabon art, amma kuma sosai nasarar Zagayawar da jama'a da shi, sunã tsirfatãwa kudi mai yawa a kan wannan. Babban hanyoyin domin kai-gabatar sun jama'a scandals, haifar da bayyanar da hali. M, da suka janyo hankalin jama'a sha'awa, da jama'a ne quite shirye ya zo da nune-nunen da kuma wallafe-wallafen marece, bada wani tikitin ga kudi mai yawa.

A Rasha, wani sabon avant-garde ƙungiyoyi nuna yafi a wakoki. Futurism a adabi fili bayyana a cikin sabon halittar kalmomi, imin sautin harshe sauti m cakude. Kalma ga sabon kasida rasa su saba na ginin jumla da kuma lexical ma'anar, ya juya a cikin roba abu na sauti da wanda za ka iya "sculpt" wani tsari, haifar da sabon, quite sabon abu hade, inda a ma'anar da aka ba da muhimmanci, amma a maimakon haka, don ƙirƙirar sauran ma'ana. Saboda haka, a cikin adabi na futurism na kokarin haifar da wani sabon harshe, a mulkin demokra] da kuma taro, a tune da zamani canji na al'umma, gane da duk kuma yarda da dukan.

Wani sabon shugabanci a cikin art na ba kawai ya nema ya fahimta da kuma kai hadaddun mamaki da ke faruwa a kusa, amma kuma duniya canza, haifar da lokaci. Futurism a cikin adabi sãɓã wa jũna quite sabon abu gwaje-gwajen da dangantaka da launi images of sauti da kuma kalmomi. Saboda haka, kowane wasali da baƙi sauti dangana ga wani takamaiman launi wasan. Hada su a cikin waqe-waqe, da Futurists halitta da kalmomi dimbin yawa leaf launi, ta haka ne kokarin kai a wasu yanayi.

Futurism a adabi ne a hankali lauye da sauran art siffofin. Wannan samu a cikin fairly tartsatsi a cikin zanen, daga cikinsa akwai mawãƙi-futurists kasance sosai asali artists, msl V.Mayakovsky, Khlebnikov, Kamenskii V. et al. Futurism a zanen kamar yadda a cikin adabi, bayyana a cikin haske gwaje-gwajen. Kuma painters Kazimir Malevich, Pavel Filonov da sauransu. Da taimakon goge da Paints gudanar more yadda ya kamata kuma a fili bayyana a kan zane ne abin da Poets nemi a wallafe-wallafen ayyukansu.

Futurism - tawaye, musu na gargajiya art da kuma wani yunkurin haifar da wani sabon, gaba-kallo. Yana gwaje-gwajen da kalmomi da kuma sauti, da search for sabon syntactic da kuma na ginin jumla Tsarin, mulkin demokra] iyya, m ga talakawa da kuma iya bayyana hadaddun canje a cikin al'umma na farkon karni na ashirin.