Periodization - menene wannan? duniya periodization

Periodization za a iya kira watakila mafi muhimman hakkokin bangare na binciken a tambaya ba kawai tarihi, amma kuma da al'adun - abubuwa, a gaskiya, interconnected. Ba tare da sanin dokokin na canji na epochs shi ne kusan ba zai yiwu a gina cikakken hoto na duniya.

ma'anar

A mafi gaskiyan ji na periodization - wani rabo daga wani abu a cikin lokaci segments. Yawanci, da lokaci da ake amfani a cikin binciken na philology, tarihi ko al'adu da karatu. Yana da yake a cikin yanayi na kimiyya da ilmi da shi ne mafi gaggawa da kuma zama dole.

Ya kamata a lura da cewa aras bambancinsa da darajar periodization na lokaci - yake a irin tsarin da tsarin. Tu daya rabuwa iya zama na biyu, da sauransu, wanda na taimaka daki-daki, bayyanãwa da kuma bayani dalla-dalla na daban-daban mamaki.

iri periodization

Tun lokacin da juyin halitta, mutãne ya wuce Millennium, shi ne ba abin mamaki ba cewa ta zama za a iya raba lokaci lokaci. Da fari dai, shi ne sauƙin fahimta, kuma abu na biyu - da binciken. Periodization - wani irin hadawa da facts a wani musamman tsarin. A wannan yanayin da muke magana ne game da gagarumin events, events.

A sauki misali na periodization za a iya kira a lokaci-sharing da samuwar dan'adam a wannan zamanin da kuma tsawon wanda ya kasance mata.

A mafi musamman da kuma m zabin - a periodization ƙarni. Yana za a iya wakilta a biyu bambance-bambancen karatu: m riko da lokaci da kuma rabuwa da ƙarni daidai da al'adu-events. Alal misali, karni na sha takwas a cikin adabi zai kasance ma daban-daban daga cikin kalanda.

Duniya periodization ne mafi general fiye da rabo a cikin lokaci jinkiri na wani takamaiman kasa ko ma nahiyar. A gaskiya, irin wannan amfaninsa iya zama da wallafe-wallafen, na ado, da tarihi, da kuma, kamar yadda aka ambata a sama, da kalanda.

Periodization art

Idan ka kira wani spade a spade, periodization na adabi, ko duk wani manifestations of Art ne rabo a cikin lokaci na m fasali. Wannan ne muhimman hakkokin fasalin da kuma rarrabe alama.

A bisa ga al'ada, da periodization na adabi, da kuma mafi sauran nau'o'in kerawa hada tsufa, tsakiyar zamanai, Renaissance, Baroque, Classicism, ilimi, romanticism, hakikanci da zamani. Hakika, wannan rabo za a iya kira sabani, tun da shi ne zai yiwu a sami ƙarin hanya a cikin dukan waɗannan lokuta: sentimentalism, Rococo, naturalism, da sauransu.

A cikin zane-zane (zanen, gine), wannan rabo da aka adana a cikin main, amma wasu daga cikin zamanin iya kawai zama mãsu fakowa ba. Alal misali, ba wanda zai tambayi dama na zama na Baroque lokaci a cikin tarihi na music, amma shekaru na hukunce-hukuncen natsuwa, kamar yadda wajibi ne adabi, a cikin daula na sauti da aka rasa - ba lokaci ne da mulkin dukansa ga classicism.

Yana fi mayar da kayyade al'amurran da suka shafi na periodization - bambance-bambance a cikin ci gaban da siffofin daban-daban na art da kuma samuwar statehood kuma, daidai da, duniya-yin a kasashe daban-daban. By nagarta na wannan alama rabuwa zuwa takamaiman lokaci lokaci ne quite wuya.

Periodization na cin gaban wani irin mutum ayyuka, da kuma bil'adama da kanta, kamar yadda aka ambata a riga, ya dogara a kan abubuwa guda biyu: da abubuwan tarihin da kuma halaye. Don kawo wani takamaiman misali, mafi sauki hanyar juya cikin hanyar gabatar periodization na adabi a cikin mahallin da sauran zane-zane.

lokaci frame

Yana buɗewa duniya al'ada tsufa. Mafi yawa daga cikin masu bincike sun yarda cewa wannan lokaci dade har na biyar karni BC. A gaskiya ma, domin 'yan Adam, wannan lokaci za a iya kira daya daga cikin mafi muhimmanci - a lokacin tsoho lokacin da kahuwar duniya na falsafa, ilmi da kuma dabaru. Aristotle ta Poetics har yanzu a matsayin daya daga cikin mafi muhimman hakkokin ayyukansu. Haka kuma, shi ne wannan lokaci, mutãne gare ta fahimtar art a matsayin tunani na gaskiya - mimetic art.

"The Odyssey", "Iliad", wanda aza harsashin ginin duniya epos, sun bayyana a tsufa.

A duniyar al'adu kimiyya shi ne yarda da suna da wannan zamanin da duhu shekaru daban-daban. Da fari dai, a wannan lokacin akwai wani tsari na cikakken danniya na jiki da salla, kuma art kamar yadda irin wannan. A dukan duniya ya tuba zuwa ga addini, Allah, rai. The sau Mai Tsarki Inquisition, mayya hunts da zama kawai matani dangane da zuwa coci. Tun periodization - wannan ra'ayi ne quite dabba ba a kanta, akwai gaba rabo a cikin farkon da kuma marigayi tsakiyar zamanai. Mafi shahara adadi na zamani dauke su Dante Alighieri kira na karshe mawãƙi na tsakiyar zamanai da farko mawãƙi na Renaissance.

sabon lokaci

Ya fara wani sabon lokaci c na karni na sha biyar BC da kuma ci gaba da ƙarshen sha shida. Adam ya koma zuwa ga akida na tsufa da kuma anthropocentrism, bar baya total theocentrism. Renaissance ya ba da duniya Shakespeare, Petrarch, Leonardo Vinci, Michelangelo.

Baroque - shi ne daya daga cikin mafi m lokaci na duniya da al'adun, semnadtsatyy- farkon karni na sha takwas. Duniya a wannan zamanin, na zahiri banked, Adam ya gane ta gazawan a cikin halittu, da transience na rayuwa, mamaki game da ma'anar kasancewar. A wannan lokacin ya yi aiki Beethoven da Bach, Rastrelli da Caravaggio, Milton da Luis De Góngora.

Classicism a yawancin kasashen, dade daga goma sha bakwai zuwa karni na sha takwas. Wannan ne lokacin da na matsakaicin follow tsoho model a art. A halin yanzu shirya daula na bayyana Lines na uniform irin zane. A adabi akwai tsananin rabuwa a cikin high, matsakaici da kuma low nau'o'i. Zama classic na art gare yawa ga yarjejeniyar da Nikolya Bualo. Racine, Corneille, Lomonosov, Lafontaine - a nan ne ya fi shahara wakilan da na gargajiya wallafe-wallafe. The music ne ma Haydn da Mozart.

Domin classicism bi da haske, wanda dade har zuwa karshen karni na sha takwas. Wannan shi ne wani real rabo daga rationalism, jihãdi ga fahimta da kuma fahimtar, da rabo daga cikin zuciyar dan Adam. Defoe, Swift, Kodayake tsaya a wannan lokaci a saman da na ado bayyanuwar tunani.

art juya

Romanticism, ya maye gurbin haske a cikin karni na sha takwas, nan da nan ya shiga tattaunawa tare da girmamawa ga Ka'idoji. Wannan Trend in art o ƙarin, a maimakon haka, ya tsere daga rationality, to spiritualize adam rayuwa, domin ya sanar da akida na 'yanci. Byron, Hoffmann, da 'yan'uwa Grimm, Genrih Geyne ne mafi kyau nuna da musamman zamanin.

Hakikanci, bi da bi, ya fara gasar tare da romanticism, yana shelar cikakken kin amincewa da dama, m, almara, mutumin. "Rayuwa ne abin da shi ne" - cewa shi ne ainihin hakan na shugabanci. Gyustav Flober, Honore de Balzac, Stendhal da yawa wasu.

A wannan kuma kara

A nan gaba, adabi da wasannin fasaha sun samo asali, sabon trends fito: zamani, post-zamani, avant-garde. Periodization na ci gaban mutum da tunani na iya wuce illa ma sha Allahu. Yana iya zama mafi kuma mafi sabon rassan hakikar da aka gyara. An ko da yaushe motsi gaba, da taurari da kuma mafi m zurfin. Fahimta da kuma bude na har abada.