Pasternak Leonid Osipovich: zane-zane, biography

Ba kowa ba ne ya sani cewa da mahaifin shahararren Rasha mawãƙi kuma marubuci Boris Pasternak ne daidai da talented mutum, wato artist Pasternak Leonid Osipovich. Game da aikinsa za a tattauna a wannan labarin.

yara

Sun artist Pasternak Leonid Osipovich (1862-1945 - shekaru na rayuwa), wanda sunansa na sauti kamar Avrum Itshok Leib, ya girma a wani matalauci iyali a Odessa. Future talented fenta shi ne auta na shida yara. Yaron nan da nan ya fara nuna kerawa. Duk da haka, duk da bayyane talanti ɗaya na da yaro, iyaye sun cafke Leni so ba tare da babbar sha'awa. Duk da haka, matasa artist bai bari azuzuwan a art makaranta. Koyar da zane-zane, yaro ci gaba bayan ƙarshen dakin motsa jiki. Duk da yake Leonid zaba a matsayin sana'a likita kasuwanci, shi ne a layi daya tare da jami'o'i da karatu hade da ziyartar studio master E. Sorokina. Haka kuma, nazarin a cikin sana'a ba nan gaba artist wata damar sosai bincika halaye na jikin mutum, ta bayani dalla-dalla a motsi da kuma statics.

Bugu da ari nazarin master soma fi m nuna. A ashirin da daya da shekaru Leonid ba zato ba tsammani canza sana'a kuma ya ci gaba da karatunsa a Faculty. Duk da haka, a cikin wannan m nema ba a kan, da kuma bayan kawai wani ɗan gajeren lokaci, ya bar garinsu da kuma tafi kokarin su ƙaddara a Jamus.

Rayuwa kasashen waje

Ya magance a Munich, Pasternak Leonid Osipovich ciyar da dama semesters karatu zanen a Royal Academy of Fine Arts. Shi ne, akwai cewa rayuwa na master kawo mahaifiyarta wani shahararren Rasha artist Serov, wanda a lokacin shirya wani da'irar. Wannan taro ya zama wata alama ce ga Pasternak iyali, kuma ga Serov iyali. Leonid Osipovich sani da wannan mace shi ne farkon dogon lokacin da aminci tsakanin ƙarni da dama.

na farko bazawa

A lokacin zaman, da artist don wani lokaci koma zuwa Odessa, inda ya fara buga aikinsa a mujallu comic hali. Waɗannan su ne almara, majigin yara, almara, almara. Nawa daga baya ya shaida ga artist kansa Maksim Gorky, a lokaci Pasternak kama farko, bisa ga marubuci, "m" a Rasha wallafe-wallafe.

A wannan horo da master bai kare a can. Bayan kammala karatu daga Jami'ar Pasternak Leonid Osipovich, Biography wanda tsiwirwirinsu wani muhimmanci nasara, ya yi aiki a matsayin mai sa kai. Ko a lokacin da yake soja aikinsu, ya taba daina yin almara da kuma kananan zane. Tun da shi kafa marubucin style.

Personal rai

A garinsu na Pasternak Leonid Osipovich gana da Roza Kaufman, wani mai wuce yarda talented pianist. Tuni a 1889 da masoya da aka yi aure, kuma ya koma ya zauna a cikin Moscow. Akwai Rose ya daya concert bayan wani, kuma Leonid kwashe polenovskim da'irar.

Shekara guda daga baya, newlyweds farko dan da aka haifa. Shi ya daga baya ya zama wani shahararren Rasha mawãƙi ne. Yana da aka Boris Pasternak. Bayan shekaru uku da biyu da wani ɗa, Alexander, wanda ya zama wani cin nasara m.

Bugu da kari ga yara maza a cikin iyali sun Pasternak da adalci jima'i. A shekarar 1990 matasa artist 'yar, Josephine, bayan shekaru biyu, ƙaunataccen matarsa Rosa ya matarsa Lydia. 'Ya'yansa Pasternak kishin raba gallery. A cikin wadannan canvases ci dukan kawance da kuma zafi na iyali gida, wanda aka platted matasa biyu.

fitarwa

The alama ga matasa artist a 1889 ya murmushi luck sake, kuma na farko da aka sani hoto na maigidansa, "Letter to da Mahaifa, mahaifiyata" sayayya a mutunta tara Pavel Tretyakov. Shi ne mai nasara shekara don Pasternak. Bayan nuni da zane-zane na artist sunan ne har abada makale a kan wani par da babu kasa shahara Sahaban.

Bayan da laifin rabo a cikin Moscow, al'umma connoisseurs na zanen Pasternak Leonid Osipovich ya zama mashahuri a cikin artists da lokaci. Ya fara hada gwiwa tare da akalla sani da haraji da artists. Bugu da ƙari, artist kansa fara ba darussa novice painters. Saboda haka, ko da Ilya Repin aiko domin binciken don Pasternak matasa dalibai. Daga baya, da master fara ba zaman kansa darussa a Moscow. Ganin nasara, sai ya yanke shawarar, tare da abokinsa, da artist Stemberg bude sirri horo studio to zana. Duk da yake aiki tare da dalibai Pasternak ya kafa kansa a matsayin wani m artist kuma malami. Saboda haka, koyarwa, ya ba kawai sanar da dalibai da kayan yau da kullum na zane-zane, da kuma ilimi zane, amma kuma ya nuna sabon matasa, kowa ba a baya amfani da hanyoyin. Duk wannan master baya koya a lokacin horo a Jamus. Saboda haka, Rasha art hankali samo asali zuwa wani Turai.

The aiki a mujallar

Tun 1890, Leonid Osipovich karkashin angarorin na Rasha marubuci, marubucin wasannin kwaikwayo da kuma dan jarida Fedora Sologuba zama ma'adanin edita na sabon mujallar "Artist". Shekara guda daga baya, Pasternak dauki domin gudanar da littafin da ayyukan Mihaila Yurevicha Lermontova tare da misalai. Wannan tarin na artist ba kawai ado domin misalai, amma kuma ba shi da damar yin aiki a kan wani talented amma kasa sanannun artists. Daga cikin su shi ne ba sosai shahara a wancan lokaci, amma ba kasa talented wannan Mikhail Vrubel.

Bugu da kari zuwa aiki a fagen aikin jarida, maigida ya yi nasara a zanen. A 1892 ya rubuta Pasternak Leonid Osipovich, "mãyen halitta." The movie zama alama a cikin banki na artist.

samar da hotuna

Duk da cewa Leonid Osipovich Pasternak da aka sani kamar yadda mai zane, babban ɓangare na ta m al'adunmu sa hotuna.

Ko da a cikin wannan irin zane-zane, artist aiwatuwa nasa m ideas. A mafi daukan hankali alama na Pasternak ta hotuna ne da cewa master ba kawai wanda aka nuna da fasa, amma kuma yi kira ga ciki duniya da aka nuna. A cikin zane-zane, da artist nema ya isar da harafin Zagayawar yanayi, ya motsin zuciyarmu, da baƙin ciki, yanayi swings. Pasternak rubuta a impressionistic style. da iko fiye da mafi bayyananne duk da cewa wannan style za a iya dangana ga duk artist ta aiki, bayan duk, shi ne a cikin hotuna na wannan dukiya.

International nasara

Pasternak ci gaba wajen samar da matsayin master malami da ya riga ya dauka a matsayi a cikin School of Arts a 1894. A lokaci guda, Pasternak zama malamai da kuma sauran mashahuran Masters, a cikinsu Serov, Nikolai Kasatkin kuma K. Korovin. Ta hanyar da ayyukan a fagen koyarwa, da makaranta ya zama daya daga cikin mafi m ba kawai a Rasha, amma ko da zama sananne a kasashen waje. Sun enterprising malaman, da yawa daga wanda aka ilimi a kasashen waje, gabatar da sabon matsayin a cikin koyar da art. Bugu da kari, wannan rukuni na malamai ya ciyar da darussa ga general ilimi. Saboda haka, Vasiliy Klyuchevsky ya zama wani malamin Rasha tarihi. Daga baya, Leonid Osipovich kama shi a kan daya daga cikin hotuna. Shi ne ya kamata a lura da cewa makaranta ba a banza samu kansu babban daraja: da kwazo aikin na da yawa malaman dalibai daga baya ya zama babban Masters. Daga cikin su akwai irin wannan shahara artists kamar yadda Gerasimov, Konchalovsky, Krymov, Shcherbakov da sauransu.

Duk da haka, da wannan ne ba a iyakance ba zuwa Slava Pasternaka. A 1894, "a kan Hauwa'u na jarrabawa," hoto na artist lashe farko kyauta a kasa da kasa nuni a Munich. Ta aka saya a 1890 domin ado na Luxembourg Museum kai tsaye daga wani nuni a Paris.

Bayan da irin wannan laifin nasara ne ma'ana bukatar kerawa Pasternak. Tuni a 1901, da Luxembourg Museum izini da dama sanannun a lokacin painters, ciki har da Leonid Osipovich, bayana labarun scenes daga Rasha rayuwa. Pasternak rubuta daya daga cikin shahararrun halittun, cikakken hoto na "Tolstoy da iyalinsa." Ta yaba ko da Duke George Alexandrovich, kallon nuni "World of Art".

Daga baya Pasternak kansa shi ne ya kafa na Rasha art a birnin Frankfurt. A lokacin da ya lokaci kasashen waje master fruitfully amfani da kasaftawa lokaci da kuma ziyarci Rum Coast. Duk da yake a Italiya, da artist yi mai yawa da almara na shimfidar.

Rayuwa a waje da mahaifarsa

A lokacin da events na 1905, Leonid Osipovich dukan shekara a Berlin. Sha'awan shi a aiki a makaranta da za a katse saboda makaranta da aka rufe. A wannan lokaci, Pasternak dauki bangare a Turai da dama nune-nunen, ciki har da birnin Berlin. A a layi daya, da master fentin saboda mutane da yawa waje abokan ciniki.

Tun 1912, a lokacin jiyya Wardi Pasternak a Kissingen kuma a Pisa, master ya fara manyan zane "Madalla." Bisa ga ra'ayin, da yara suka zo su faranta wa iyayensu 'kyautai ga azurfa bikin aure ranar tunawa, kamar yadda suka kuma artist wanda aka nuna. Leonid Osipovich Pasternak ya gama zane a shekara ta 1914. Ta ya ya da wani laifin nasara.

A wannan lokacin, da maigida ya rayu a Moscow. A nan ne ya rubuta Pasternak Leonid Osipovich, "Vertical da na ɗan," - daya daga cikin mafi shahara a cikin halittun.

Tun 1921. Pasternak zauna a Berlin. Duk da tabarbarewar a kiwon lafiya da kuma hangen nesa sosai, ya ji wata karuwa daga m sojojin da kuma rubuta a wannan lokacin jerin hotuna na shahararrun mutane, daga gare su, Albert Einstein, R. M. Rilke da yawa wasu. A 1924, ya kasance a cikin kamfanin tare da abokai suka tafi a kan tafiya zuwa Misira da kuma Palestine. A lokacin tafiya, Pasternak rubuta jerin m almara.

A lokacin da satar ikon da Nazis, mafi yawan artist ta ayyukan da aka fili kone, da kuma nune-nunen da aka dakatar. A wannan batun, a cikin marigayi thirties, Pasternak koma London, inda ya rubuta jerin zane-zane, baya canjawa wuri zuwa dakin tarihi na Birtaniya. Jim kadan bayan barkewar yakin duniya na biyu, da master shige daga cikin Oxford.

A lokacin, a kan mawadãci al'adunmu na artist ne a da yawa daga cikin duniya da ya fi shahara gidajen tarihi, ciki har da Tretyakov Gallery a Moscow. Yana da wuya a tantance taimako sanya a cikin Rasha da kuma duniya art Leonid Osipovich Pasternak. master zane-zane har yanzu zauna a wuri na daraja a duniya da kuma nune-nunen.