Oskar Paul Dirlewanger - Oberführer SS: biography. SS Division "aka jũyar da"

Wane ne Oskar Paul Dirlewanger? A yakin duniya na biyu ba za a iya bayyana ba tare da ambata sunan wannan m kisa. Ya ji rauni mai babbar yawan rabo, kashe dubban yara da azabtar da daruruwan mutane. Domin ya sabis aiko kawai ga waɗanda aka dauke m: mafi sananne, m da m laifi. An yi imani da cewa sabis karkashin bel - a Final gwargwado, amma a gaskiya shi ne ma fi stoked ƙiyayya a cikin fursunonin. Oskar Paul Dirlewanger, wanda mutuwa ya adalci, ya yi mai yawa mugunta, amma babu mugunta za a iya yi shi kadai. Kamar yadda 'yan adam ya shigar da' yanci na mataki na kisa, shi zai ba da damar da shi don su yi duhu ƙwarai, kuma suka kashe daruruwan mutane marasa laifi a duniya? Shin, akwai wani haƙƙi ga shi, da kuma shi ne zai yiwu a kauce wa irin wannan wulakanci ciki?

A farkon ya soja aiki

Oskar Paul Dirlewanger aka haife shi a iyali na da wani m a cikin kaka na 1895 a Würzburg. Tuni a 1913, yaron sami wani high school diploma. A wannan shekara ya shiga aikin soja na tsawon shekara guda, a cikin na'ura-gun kamfanin. A abun da ke ciki, ya halarci mamayewa na Belgium da kuma Faransa a lokacin yakin duniya na farko. A lokacin fadan a kan Western Front, saurayin sau da yawa aka samu rauni. Ya aka ciyar da su leftana kuma Iron Cross - Jamus soja kyautar. Duk da yake a cikin na'ura-gun kamfanin, ya halarci zama na Ukraine a 1918. Bayan da aka kammala tsagaita wuta rajimanti umarce stifled aka mayar da su zuwa Jamus.

yunkurin malanta

Oskar Paul Dirlewanger, wanda biography ne kawai farko, a 1919, ya zama memba na daya daga cikin Freikorps - m motsi a Jamus. Fiye da shekaru biyu, ta dauki wani aiki sashi a titi fafata a kashe pro jin zuciya a cikin Ruhr, Saxony da Thuringia. A fadace-fadace ya sãɓã wa jũna mugunta da rashin tausayi. Lokaci guda tare da wadannan abubuwan da suka faru Oscar karatu a Mannheim a Digiri na biyu a makarantar, inda ya aka fitar bayan wani lokaci saboda yaduwar anti-Semitic ideas. Duk da wannan, a cikin 1922 ya kare doctoral sabawa rubuce-rubucensu a Frankfurt domin ya sami digiri na uku a zamantakewa da siyasa kimiyyar. The aikin rufe manyan ka'idojin da kuma shiryawa a cikin tattalin arzikin a hali na yaki. A cikin fall na 1922 ya hidima a matsayin National Socialist Jamus Ma'aikata 'Party da kuma shi ne mai nasara. Wani lokaci daga baya ya fitar daga jam'iyyar saboda bayyananna take hakkin doka a kan kwance damarar yaki, amma a 1926 ya sake shiga ta jerin members.

wani m rayuwa

An fara da 1922 da kuma 1928 Oscar jagoranci wani m m rayuwa. Ya kasance mai sa kai, da kuma aka katse daga wuri zuwa wuri a cikin wani iri-iri na banki cibiyoyin a Stuttgart. Daga 1928 zuwa 1931 ya yi aiki a matsayin kocin a daya daga cikin yadi masana'antu na Erfurt. Har 1932 ya yi aiki a cikin haraji tsarin. Aiki a banki cibiyoyin, ya rasa saboda m zargin almubazzaranci da kuma wani yadi factory Oskar tsunduma a kudi zamba. Don kauce wa wata fitina, ya sanya hannu a kwangila da mai shi na kamfanin da kuma rama shi ga lalacewa.

Kamar yadda muka sani, Oscar Dirlewanger samu da Iron Cross. Bugu da kari, ya aka sani a matsayin wani mutum jarumi kuma mai saukin ganewa, amma kowa ya san cewa yana da wani yawa na rashin amfani. Duk da wannan, duk inda ya yi aiki, ya ya iya kafa lambobi da jagoranci, to subjugate da wasu da kuma tilasta wa mutane su cimma burin su.

kurkuku

A shekara ta 1933, zuwan su ikon da National Socialists, wanda sanya stifled iko sashen ga shagala da aiki a Heilbronn. Da farko, Oscar daukan wani m wuri, amma nan da nan ya zama shugaban. A wannan matsayi, da farko ya ruwaito a kan aikin na 'yan SA suke ta unguwanni. Duk da wannan nasara da kuma gabatarwa, sai kuma aka shiga tsakani a wasu mãkirci, kuma m yanayi. A 1934, ya aka aika zuwa kurkuku domin 2 shekaru domin fyade da wani 13-shekara girl. Saboda wannan yanayin, ya aka tube wa karrama, ilimi mataki da kuma daraja, kazalika da membobinsu a cikin Jamus jam'iyyun. A gidan yari, da aka gudanar a Ludwigsburg, inda Paul unsuccessfully kokarin ko ta yaya daukaka kara masa hukunci. 2 shekaru daga baya, ya aka saki daga kurkuku, amma nan da nan akwai sake da dama a kan wani irin hali.

Duk da yake a cikin taro sansanin, ya tuna min da aboki Gottlob Berger, wanda sa'an nan ya yi aiki a cikin SS da kuma Himmler wani kusa mutum. Gottlob aka yi duk abin da zai yiwu ya 'yantar da aboki, kyalewa biyu baya yarda dasu ga tashin hankali da kuma bayyana buguwa Oscar. Da warware Paul shiga cikin Spanish harkokin wajen Tuli, wanda aka hannu a cikin yaki a Spain, da kare gefen Janar Franco. 1937-1939 ya yi aiki a wani tanki naúrar a karkashin sunan "beekeeper". Dawo daga yakin rauni da kuma bayar da Spanish Cross, aka danne, kokarin mayar da sunansa. Ya har yanzu yana neman wani retrial, kuma gaskata shi a kan rashin kai tsaye shaida. Wankewa daga tuhuma yi aka haka sucked daga yatsa, cewa a farko jami'a a Franfurte am Main ya ko da ya ki sabunta wani mataki. A sakamakon haka, Oscar ta samu, kazalika da Ana ɗaukaka membobinsu na NSDAP. Bayan da cewa Berger kira na musamman hukumar, wanda ya yanke shawara da rabo daga stifled. Ya bayyana cewa, wadannan mutane tsira, kawai kasancewa a cikin aikin soja, da kuma miƙa wa dafa kaso mafarauta da kuma kare mahaifarsa. A sakamakon haka, stifled nada kocin da shiri na wadannan Categories mutane da soja ta al'amarin.

"Oranienburg poacher Team"

Ilimi, halitta da Oscar, da fall aka sake masa suna "musamman bataliya ta SS aka hanãwa." Akwai aka zaba ne kawai mafi m, aiki da kuma m mayakan. A lokacin rani na 1940, da bataliya kunshi kawai 84 mutane, amma a cikin kaka na wannan shekara - mutane 300. Yana da aka bayansa a kudi na fursunonin suka yanke shawarar zuwa musanya yi ɗingishi rayuwa a kan zalunci da kuma biyayya ga wani dalĩli.

Babban rabo zama Gottlob Berger, wanda a kowane hanya maida hankali ne akan laifukan da abokinsa. Ba da da ewa wannan samuwar aika zuwa Poland don mayar da oda da kuma yaqi da guerrillas. A nan, Oscar yana da a gudanar da wani umarni Fridriha Kryugera, saboda abin da tsakanin su akwai mai yawa na shawara. Ba da da ewa wata tawagar kaura zuwa Belarus. Winter na 1942, shi ya sanar da samuwar na sa kai, wadda shi ne na karkashin SS. Ta samun izinin kurtu waje masu sa kai, da kuma a lokacin rani na 1942 Hitler yanke shawarar da ya kara yawan battalions zuwa biyu. Sa zo daga wani adadin na Rasha da kuma Ukrainian sojoji, kazalika da na Jamus da sojoji suke bauta wa sentences ga laifukan. Yana da ban sha'awa cewa sabis na Dirlewanger janyo hankalin kawai ne ga waɗanda laifi wanda ayyuka suna daidaita a peacetime zuwa laifi laifukan. Al'ada cuta kamar barci a wurin aiki ko ba biyayya umarni, aka ba su gani ba da isasshen dalili domin aikawa a wata tawagar Oscar. Aiki tare da shi shi ne wani daidaituwa gwargwado ga ɓata babba warware wanda bayan hidima ya iya koma ga al'ada matsayi. Daga wannan ya bayyana dalilin da ya sa stifled tawagar kunshi mafi m da kuma lalata maza. Duk da haka, na biyu bataliya aka taba tattara.

Samun dama ga kansa Alamun

A shekarar 1942, Oscar tawagar taka rawa a cikin wani yawan ayyuka don kashe yaƙin ayyukan. A lokacin rani suna aiki a kan aiki na "Adler" a karkashin umurnin Erich Zelewski, wanda shi ne shugaban SS da kuma 'yan sanda a tsakiyar ɓangare na Rasha. Kaka dayansu ƙungiyõyinsu a gabãninsu (stifled birged) gudanar da ayyukan "Regatta" da "Soyayyen". A cikin hunturu na 1942 Oscar tawagar yana da mutane 300, da kuma rike 5 rokoki, 22 inji bindigogi, 11 manyan motoci da kuma 2 antitank bindigogi. By hunturu na 1943, shi ya kasance 700 mutane, na wadda 300 - Soviet sojojin. A watan Fabrairu, a division samun dama don gudanar da kansa symbolism. Alama ce da SS Division "aka jũyar da," - a buttonhole tare da wani hoto na wani hannunka gurnati da 2 da ketare bindigogi.

II bataliya

A cikin bazara na 1943, a karshe, na biyu bataliya aka kafa, bayan da naúrar ne mai suna "SS Sonderkommando Dirlewanger". A tawagar aka kusan gaba ɗaya hada da kaso mafarauta. Yawancin lokaci abin karkatarwa, ya jagoranci dakarun shiga yaƙi da kuma kai hari shiryawa dõgara Kurt Weiss. A lokacin rani na 1943 akwai wani yaƙi a kusa da Lake pelike, wadda take kaiwa zuwa wani gagarumin raguwa a yawan teams. A Disamba 1943, Oskar Paul Dirlewanger samu daya daga cikin mafi girma da lambobin yabo na Reich - Jamus zinariya gicciye a matsayin godiya ga ya ayyuka. A daidai wannan lokaci da ikon yanke hukunci a kan bukatar fadada tawagar 3 battalions. Kafin haka, birged suka yi jihãdi a cikin rundunar "Arewa" da "Cibiyar" tare da guerrillas kuma Yanã fitar da gagarumin hasarori. Da suka kamata su a mayar a kudi na musamman sababbin fursunoni. By 1944 Dirlewanger Brigade riga daga 1,200 mutane. A wannan lokaci, ba Soviet sojojin da hannu a shi, amma kawai fursunoni ko mafarauta, kazalika da siyasa laifi.

Tashin hankalin Khatyn

Khatyn - wani karamin kauye da Belarus, wanda aka goge kashe fuskar ƙasa a cikin Maris 1943. A da fansa da punitive detachment Dirlewanger na kashe su da sojoji. Yana duk fara da cewa a cikin kauye barci guerrillas, wanda da sauri bar ta da koma zuwa ga Pleshchenitsy. Na sadu da su bar wani truck da Jamus da sojoji suka aika zuwa Minsk filin jirgin sama. A hanya, suka haɗu da wani mace wanda aka tambaya game da guerrillas a yankin. Ta amsa da cewa ba ta ga kowa ba. Just 200 m tawagar da aka kwanton bauna da guerrillas. A fama, da Jamus sojoji sun rasa uku daga 'yan'uwansu da kuma shugaban na detachment Hans Wielkie. Daya memba daga cikin tawagar da ake zargi da cewa mace musamman ba su daidai ba bayani. Domin samun ko da ita, da sojoji kira Dirlewanger Brigade. Tare da suka kõma zuwa wurin da suka hadu da wata mace. A site na 26 barrantacce mata da aka harbe. da sauran da aka kama. Katyn bala'i ya faru saboda gaskiyar cewa soja sun tsananin sauti da cewa kashe Mr. Wielkie - Olympic Zakaran da mutumin da ya ke da kaina Masana Hitler. A soja bai dakatar da kisan da mata. Kashegari, suka fitar da dukan mazaunan kauyen zuwa sito, upholstered shi tare da fetur da kuma kafa a kan wuta. Wadanda suka yi kokarin tserewa aka harbe a kan tabo. A kauyen kunshi iyalai da dama da suka tashe ta 7-9 yara. Jamus ƙone 149 mutane, wanda 75 sun yara a karkashin shekaru 16 da haihuwa.

A cikin hunturu 1966 da tunawa hadaddun "Khatyn" an halitta, wanda ya zama wata alama duk halakar da kauyuka a Belarus a lokacin yakin duniya na II. A hadaddun rufe game da 50 kadada, kuma a cikin hedkwatarsu da wani nan tsaye a 6-mita-high tagulla sassaka - mutumin da matattu yaro a ta makamai.

"Bagration"

A lokacin rani na 1944 daukan sa aiki "Bagration" a cikin Soviet hari ranar da sojojin "Center". A sakamakon wannan yaki, mu sojoji ci da saurã daga cikin sojojin 'Yan Tsirarun "Center" tattara zuwa ga ƙasa na Poland. Nazi yaki laifi a karkashin jagorancin stifled halarci dama rearguard yaƙi da ja da baya ba tare da gagarumin hasarori.

Warsaw

A kadan daga baya, musamman bataliya ta SS "Dirlewanger" tare da Kaminsky ta tawagar da hannu a cikin danniya na tawaye a Warsaw. A sakamakon haka, Oscar samun muƙamin Oberführer SS ajiye. Grupennfyurer Reynfart ya sosai burge tare da ƙarfin hali da kuma karfafa Oscar za a sãka musu da Knight ta Cross, wanda ya samu a cikin watan Satumba 1944. Ya kuma samu wani gilded ãyã daga cikin raunin ci a Warsaw, domin shi ya riga ta goma sha ɗaya daga cikin soja. Ya kamata a lura cewa danniya na Warsaw tawaye m tawagar stifled, wanda sa'an nan kunshi kawai 648 mutane.

Polk kara, sa'an nan sake tsarafa cikin biyu zondbrigadu da cewa ya zama hari birged kamar wata biyu. Yawan teams ne 4 dubu mutane, na wadda 200 sun mafarauta, 600 - kaso siyasa masu laifi, 200 - daga cikin fursunonin Wehrmacht da kuma 1200 - talakawa fursunoni. A karamin sashi na birged sun Soviet gurguzun da Socialists, wanda sun amince da zama yan kungiya a cikin bege na yi ƙaura, sa'an nan ya shiga cikin Red Army.

Slovakia

A watan Oktoba na wannan shekara Oberführer Dirlewanger SS kaiwa ya birged zuwa Slovakia don kashe wani tawaye. A marigayi 1994, wata tawagar kungiyar zama Cavalier Cross na Jamus SS da kuma Brigadenfuhrer Fritz Schmedes, wanda daukan wurin da dabara jami'in. A watan Disamba na wannan shekara ya aka cire daga Himmler lokuta saboda gazawar cika m, bisa ga shi, umarni. Suspension Schmedes wani zanga-zanga darasi ga sauran tawagar, wanda zai yanke shawara a kan irin wannan rashin biyayya a nan gaba. The ƙungiya a lokacin kunshi biyu regiments karkashin umurnin Eriha Buhmana da Evalda Elersa. Kowace daga cikinsu hada biyu battalions da biyu manyan bindigogi batura. A karshen rabin na Disamba, da birged tana yãƙi a Hungary. Bayan makonni biyu da wata babbar tawagar a kan gaba wajen shi aka aiko zuwa Slovakia don kammala reorganization da cewa da yawa sojoji sun yashe daga fagen fama.

A lokaci guda daga cikin saba mazauna babban yawa na gunaguni game da Oscar mutane wanda ake zargi da looting, tashin hankali da keta. Wuce yarda, wasu daga cikin tawagar 'yan yana da da za a sa a cikin talakawa cellars karkashin wani sturdy kulle, saboda a cikin daji sun zama kawai unmanageable da kuma buga rigidity ko da ya fi abokai.

A cikin hunturu 1945 da birged karkashin umurnin Dirlewanger baya zuwa gaban, kamar yadda halin da ake ciki a Silesia a kan gabaci River an dumama up gunaguni ƙwarai. Da farko, da hukumomin yanke shawarar a kan zai yiwu karuwa a yawan teams domin ya zama wani rabo. Amma kafin wannan, ta halarci fadace-fadace na Guben. Ba da da ewa Oscar samun domin sake tsara da tawagar, da kuma kawai wani yini bayan Oskar Paul Dirlewanger samu rauni, saboda abin da shi ne ya aiko zuwa ga raya ga nassi na m magani. A da goma sha biyu rauni da ya samu a lokacin yaki. Shi ne ya karshe. Paul samu shi saboda gaskiyar, ya yanke shawarar a kan nasu ya jagoranci counterattack. Bayan dawo, Oscar bai dawo zuwa gaban abada. Ya aka maye gurbinsu da Schmedes, wanda ya kasance shugaban birged har kwanaki na arshe na yaki. Lokacin da yaki ya ƙare, da yawan teams Schmedes ya kamar 6 dubu mutane.

The yaki ci gaba a Silesia. Kamar yadda muka riga sani, da birged ya zama rabo, amma sabon naúrar ba a kafa. Maimakon na ƙungiyar SS supplemented al'ada sojojin raka'a. Har ila yau, a cikin abun da ke ciki hada da tsohon dalibai daga Brunswick School. A gagarumin rabo daga mutane da aka dauka duk wannan taro sansanonin, kazalika daga Auschwitz, wanda har yanzu dade na dogon lokaci zuwa shirya matasa domin rayuwa a cikin Oberführer stifled.

A auka daga cikin division

A watan Maris na shekarar 1945, da gaban da aka karya ta Soviet sojoji, saboda haka sojoji a karkashin umurnin Schmedes fara tattara zuwa arewa maso gabashin Silesia. A lokaci guda deserters zama ƙara kowace rana. Schmedes da ayarinsa yunkurin sake tsara da rabo a watan Afrilu, amma ga mamaki, sai suka gano cewa babu wani abu don sake tsara, saboda rabo a zahiri rushe. Kuma shi ba wani ƙari, saboda duk 20-30 mutane da wasu shelves.

A karshe, na karshe taro na dukan 'yan daga cikin rabo ya faru a cikin marigayi Afrilu, amma bai ba da ake so sakamakon, kawai ya tsananta halin da ake ciki. Schmedes yanke shawarar daukar akalla sauran mutane a kan Elbe, inda a cikin watan Mayu na shekarar 1945 ya tawali'u, suka mika wuya zuwa ga American sojoji. A harbi punitive Division "aka jũyar da," shi ya faru sosai hanzari. Farar hula da kuma soja mahaluži, ma'aikaci, da kuma Soviet POWs aka kashe. Anecdotally, Buchman da Schmedes taba kawo ga adalci ga duk laifuffukan da aka aikata. Haka kuma, sun kasance a bude da kuma m rayuwa, ko da bayan an sake ta Jamus hukumomi daga POW sansanin. Weiss yanke shawarar aikin mika wuya zuwa Birtaniya, wanda ya mika muhimmanci takardun na Wehrmacht. Bayan tsiwirwirinsu wasu amincewa, ya hikima ya tsere ne daga sansanin a watan Maris na shekarar 1945, da kuma mafi daga gare ta taba gani a gaban. Sani na da rashin tausayi SS Division aka wargaza a cikin bazara na shekarar 1945.

mutuwa

Oscar Paul aka bi a Althaus. Akwai ya kasance a cikin asibiti domin muddin rana ta farko na bazara na shekarar 1945, Faransa da sojoji dauki shi zuwa birnin kurkuku, wanda aka tsare da Polish da sojoji, wanda ya ji game da kisan-kiyashi da Oberführer. Long da za a kammala da bai da, kamar yadda ya mutu daga wani mummunan duka a kwanaki 4. Duk da wannan, ainihin hali na mutuwa wannan mummunar mutumin babu wanda ya sani. Akwai mutane da yawa jita-jita, cewa ya aka gani a daban-daban garuruwa, a duniya. Amma a shekarar 1960, masu bincike sun sami kabarinsa kuma, bayan bincike, sun iya gane ya rage. Wannan kawo ƙarshen daban-daban jita-jita.

A shekarar 1981 an buga shi shirin labari Ales Adamovich, a cikin abin da mutum zai iya karanta cewa Oskar Paul Dirlewanger mutu a Latin America, kuma bayan da ya rage da aka hawa zuwa Jamus, inda suka interred a garinsu Würzburg. Duk da haka, wannan shi ne kuskure, domin Oscar mutu a Baden-Württemberg. A cikin kaka na shekarar 1960 ragowar Oscar Paul aka hako a kan umarni na procurators na birnin Ravensburg. A kadan daga baya an karshe ya tabbatar da cewa sun kasance a shi Dirlewanger.

Rungumar labarin, ya kamata a ce cewa Oscar aka jũyar da, Paul sanya suna ga kansa a kan gawawwakin wasu. Ya misali a tarihi ya nuna yadda nisa iya adam mugunta da kuma yadda za kusa kowane mutum zuwa ga dabba ta'adi. Don kauce wa wannan daga faruwa, kana bukatar ka ci gaba, su matsa gaba da gina a nan gaba dama, saboda mun ba zai taba zama gaba daya tabbatar da cewa duk da mafi mũnin ne a kan. Kowane mutum dole ne a sanar, hannu, kuma adalci ga jama'a, da suka fara da yara, ci gaba da wani hanyar da take kaiwa zuwa flourishing kimiyya, ilmi da alheri!