Vera Voloshin - a feat "Girl tare da filafili." Hero of Rasha Vera Danilovna Voloshina

Abin da ya sa feat Vera Voloshin? Wanda ta ne? Wadannan da sauran tambayoyi da za a tattauna a cikin labarin. Bangaskiya ya mai Red Army bincike da kuma ɓarna da gangan fili cewa mallakar hedkwatar Yammacin Front. Wannan yarinya da aka watsar a cikin 1941 a Jamus na baya, kuma shi ne Hero na Rasha Federation (1944).

biography

Ft Vera Voloshina da aka sani ga dama. Ta aka haife shi a 1919, a kan Satumba 30, a kauyen Scheglovskaya (yanzu - Kemerovo hedkwatarsu) doki-Tom Parish Kuznetsk gundumar Tomsk lardin a Rasha, a cikin iyali na da wani malami da kuma wani mai hakar gwal. Lokacin da ta fara zuwa makaranta, da layi daya da aka tsunduma a wasanni: guje guje da gymnastics. A makarantar sakandare, ta lashe gasar a tsallake badake.

Biyu shugaba Yuri ya ta kusa aboki kuma classmate. Lokacin da Vera kammala karatunsa goma azuzuwan, sa'an nan na koma Moscow. A shekarar 1936, ta shigar da Jamhuriyar Jihar Cibiyar ilimin motsa jiki. A lokaci guda ta sa suna a cikin Moscow Sahihi Club, inda ta fara koya wa skydive kuma ƙware piloting jirgin sama na-153 "Chaika". shi ma tsanani dauka a babban amfani a cikin rubutu, wake da kuma harbi. A 1936, ta rubuta wata sanarwa a wadda ta nuna ta so ta shiga cikin yakin basasa da ya fara a Spain. Ta ƙi.

Artist da sculptor I. D. Shadr a shekarar 1935 ya samu jiha domin samar da wani jerin sculptures domin hutu da kuma al'ada shakatawa mai suna bayan Maxim Gorky, wanda a lokacin da aka tushen a Moscow. Ya tafi zuwa ga wasanni institute na pool inda ya son dalibi Voloshin. A rukuni na ashirin da dalibai, cikinsu da addini, ya kasance a cikin bitar da sculptor.

Kewaye da marẽmari a ƙofar main na Central Park yana da wani mutum-mutumi na "The Girl tare da filafili" - a replica na addini. M kama daga cikin ayyukan art aka daga baya shigar a cikin dukan Union Parks. A cewar wasu bayanai, shi ne wani labari. A Shadr a zahiri ya yi da farko version na mutum-mutumi a cikin 1934-1935 shekaru, a lokacin da Vera ya 15-16 years old, kuma ta ba zai zama wata daliba, ya kammala karatunsa daga makarantar sakandare.

Bugu da kari, na biyu version na mutum-mutumi da aka sanya bayan zargi daga sauran model, kuma riɓaɓɓanya da aikin wani mai sculptor. Me mutum-mutumi soki? Saboda ta tufafi kasance ba quite cewa bad jibe da riga-kafa puritanical norms.

A farin shiga Vera Danilovna Voloshina tsakanin sauran dalibai suka tafi da wasanni hunturu sansanin, dake kusa Serpukhov. Akwai, ta zama da rashin lafiya tare da mura, saboda abin da ta yi rashin lafiya ƙafafunsa. Ta yi da za a bi na dogon lokaci, amma a karshen shi har yanzu aka tilasta su bar makaranta a wasanni jami'a.

Duk da haka, tattara karfin, Faith koma zuwa Moscow, kuma tare da ya abokai daga ƙasarsa ta hedkwatarsu shiga Moscow University m Soviet cinikayya.

A 1941, a lokacin rani, Vera Danilovna Voloshina bayan shekara ta uku ta shige cikin jarrabawa kuma ya tafi Zagorsk, kusa da Moscow, inda ta gudanar da m horo. Tare da ta takwarorinsu a kan Yuni 22 yanke shawarar in je a kan yawon shakatawa da Museum of Triniti Lavra na St. Sergius. A hanya, da 'yan mata a cikin sashen kantin sayar sayi Faith siliki fari dress. Bayan duk, na gaba shekara ta shirya ya aure biyu shugaba Yuri. Yuri ya riga ya yi ta da wani tayin, da kuma masoya yanke shawarar a kan ranar da bikin aure. A wannan rana kuma, Vera koya cewa yaki ya fara.

An sani cewa Voloshin mutu a 1941, a kan Nuwamba 29 a kauyen Golovkova (Naro-Fominsk gundumar, Moscow yankin).

A farko aiki

Har yanzu, mutane tuna da feat Voloshinoy ĩmãni. An sani cewa a lokacin da shi ya mai girma Patriotic War, Woman hada tono anti-tanki ramuka, kuma ramuka a cikin kusanci da hanyoyin Moscow. A watan Oktoba, ta shiga rukunin na Red Army a kan nasu. Ta soja kurum marar a cikin soja part lambar 9903, na ga m sashe na ma'aikatan na Yammacin gaban line, su na yin ayyuka a cikin maƙiyi raya.

Domin da farko lokacin da za a gudanar da wani fama manufa Faith bar a 1941, 21 ga watan Oktoba, a yankin kusa Moscow Railway dakatar Zavidovo. Bayan haka, shi ne har yanzu sau shida nasarar tafiya zuwa Jamus raya.

Zoe

Sojojin da lambar 9903 a 1941, a watan Nuwamba, samu reinforcements. Daga cikin masu zuwa ya Kosmodemyanskaya da Zoe, wanda ya kawai ya sauke karatu daga makarantar sakandare. Zoe a cikin ta farko tawagar da aka sa da ɗan baya, amma nan da nan Vera samu ta m, da kuma 'yan mata suka zama abokai. A ya latest manufa don sa wuta (tsiyacewa) na da maki dumama da kuma sauran abokan gaba (a cikin kaka ya sosai sanyi) suka bar ɗaya.

da aiki

A 1941, a kan Nuwamba 21, a raya da makiya bar ƙungiya biyu. A farko ya jagoranci Kraynov Boris. Komsorgom biyu Voloshin aka nada, kuma kwamandan - Provorov Paul. Zoe Kosmodemyanskaya ne wani ɓangare na biyu kungiyar. Lokacin da scouts haye gaban, suka yi don ƙirƙirar ƙungiya biyu, kowanne daga abin da ta mallaka aiki.

Duk da haka, a yankunan na gaban mayakan kora a kan abokan gaba, da kuma sun gaggauta kafa raka'a, bazuwar abun da ke ciki. Saboda haka hanyar da addini da kuma Zoe rabe. Kosmodemyanskoy kungiyar doshi Petrishcheva kauyen. Bangaskiya kuma ci gaba da aiki tare da comrades. Amma ta detachment tsakanin garuruwa da Golovkova Yakshina sake zo karkashin wuta, ya naporovshis to kwanto da Jamus. Vera aka rauni da kuma kama da Nazis.

Biyu na ta tawagar bincike da Faith ko ta gawar, amma aka taba samu. Na dogon lokaci da Red Army Vera Voloshin ne a kan jerin bace mutane. Kawai a cikin shekara ta 1957, godiya ga aikin da search na 'yar jarida kuma marubuciya G. N. Frolova samu daga yadda Faith mutu, kuma same ta kabari.

mutuwa

Azãba Vera Voloshin - mai tsanani taron. Yan unguwa gaya mana cewa Faith Jamusawa rataye a 1941, 29 Nuwamba, a gona Golovkova. Halarci mutuwa da yarinya ce cewa Jamusawa kawo Faith zuwa wuri na kisa a kan inji. Sun gina daga Willow bakin hanya scaffold a kusa da abin da ya tattara a manyan yawan fascists. Su ma koro nan kama Rasha sojoji, wanda ya yi aiki ga gada.

Da farko Voloshin iya gani, amma a lokacin da gefen bangon daga cikin na'ura da aka tsallake, mutane gasped. Yarinya kwance a cikin ta tufafi, wanda aka duka a yayyage, da smeared da jini. Motar tayi ta hawa dutsen biyu Jamusawa da ya so ya taimake hawa na addini. Amma ta tura su kuma, hannu daya clinging ga gida, a samu to ta ƙafafunsa. Na biyu ta hannun da aka rataye kamar bulala mai harsuna - alama an yanka.

Sa'an nan Vera fara magana. A farko, ta ce 'yan kalmomi a Jamus, sa'an nan kuma ci gaba da shi a cikin Rasha. Ta ce cewa ba ji tsoron mutuwa, domin ba shi da tabbaci cewa zai dauki fansa ga gwarazansa. Ta ce cewa Rasha har yanzu ĩkon tasarrufi a Jamus. A karshe kalmomi na Vera Voloshina har abada etched a cikin memory daga cikin mazaunan gona Golovkova.

Kuma a sa'an nan ta fara raira waƙa. Ta rera waka "The Internationale", wanda a Soviet sau ko da yaushe sung a cikin taro kuma a rediyo, a sãfe da maraice. Jamus saurari da tsarkakewa daga cikin Faith a shiru. The jami'in, manajan kisa, da sojoji suka yi ihu da wani abu. Sun jefa addini a wuyansa madauki da tsalle daga mota.

The jami'in kusata da direba da kuma ya gaya masa ya motsa daga tabo. Kuma cewa ba ya motsa, duk kuwa da fari. A fili, ya har yanzu amfani da su rataya mutane ba. The jami'in sa'an nan ya fitar da revolver holster da yelled wani abu direba. A fili, ya karfi da ya rantse. Ya sũranta su tashi, da kuma mota suka tafi. Bangaskiya har yanzu iya kururuwa da ƙarfi, har kauyen gudu sanyi jini: "Farewell, yan'uwansu," Lokacin da shaida ya buɗe idanunta, ta ga cewa Vera ya rataye.

kabari

Ft Vera Voloshina mutane ba za su manta. Kawai a tsakiyar Disamba, maƙiyi tattara, da kuma mazauna sun iya Golovkova Willow cire jikin ĩmãni. Suka binne shi tare da cikakken karrama nan. Ta saura aka daga baya canjawa wuri zuwa wani kabari, dake a cikin Kryukov.

Bayan wani lokaci wani photo rataye 'yan mata da aka samu a cikin Jamus archives. Kwararru da yawa sun gaskata cewa suna aiwatuwa azãba Voloshin.

irreparable asara

Petrishcheva kauyen da aka located goma kilomita daga Golovkova. A ranar da kisa da Faith a cikin hedkwatarsu da aka rataye su, ya kuma Kosmodemyanskaya Zoe.

Hero na Tarayyar Soviet biyu shugaba Yuri ƙaunataccen Faith, kuma tsira da yaki. Ya aka kashe a mataki ta hanyar shan kashi a cikin aiki na Mogilev.

albashin

An sani cewa Vera Voloshina - Hero na Rasha. Wannan lakabi aka bayar da ita a shekarar 1994, 6 ga watan Mayu. A shekarar 1966, a kan Janairu 27 a cikin jaridar "Pravda" da aka buga a muqala Frolova Georgiya Nikolaevicha, "The Order of 'yar."

A watan Satumba, mun gudanar da festive events sadaukar da Battle of Moscow. Kuma a wannan lokacin M. P. Georgadze (sakataren Presidium da Tarayyar Soviet Majalisar Koli) ya gabatar da uwar Faith Order na Patriotic War na matakin.

gidajen tarihi

Yarda, Vera Voloshina biography ban mamaki. Wadannan gidajen tarihi an halitta a ta girmamawa:

• Museum of Voloshin da addini da kuma biyu shugaba Yuri (Kemerovo, School lambar 12).
• Part na nuni, housed a tarihi gidan kayan gargajiya (Naro-Fominsk, Moscow yankin).
• Club "Memory" (tsohon Vera Voloshina Museum a kauyen Kryukovo, Naro-Fominsk gundumar).

memory

A girmama na heroine daga wadannan Monuments suna shigar:

• Monument ĩmãni Voloshinoy a Golovkova (Naro-Fominsk gundumar, Moscow yankin).
• Voloshin Monument a kauyen Kryukovo (Naro-Fominsk gundumar, Moscow yankin).
• Akwai Str. Voloshinoy addini a Mytishchi, Kemerovo, Dagestan Ogni, Belovo (Kemerovo yankin).
• A shekara ta 2017, shi ne mai suna a cikin prospectus Khoroshyovsky District Gudanarwa arewacin Moscow gundumar (a dũniya kimanta hanya lambar 6084).
• House yara tatsuniya a Naro-Fominsk ma sa ta sunan.
• Ina kira ta da sunan gari shakatawa a birnin Kemerovo.
• Makaranta yawan 12 a Kemerovo shaida ta sunan.
• Jirgin Azov shipping kamfanin da aka mai suna bayan da heroine.
• Bangaskiya da aka mai suna bayan kauyen Golovkova Sfax lyceum, inda heroine ya mutu.
• Halitta shirin gaskiya fim "Vera Voloshin: Kashe Sau biyu" (Workshop "Uku Roma", 2007).
• Sunan addini to suna da kananan duniya a shekara ta 2009 Voloshina.
• Yaroslavsky Railway shugabanci na Moscow fara tafiya jirgin kasa "da sunan Hero of Rasha Vera Voloshina" tun 2003.

sculptures

Mene ne sanannen sassaka "Girl tare da filafili?" Abin da ke sa shi mai kyau? "Girl tare da filafili" - general sunan sculptures, sanya a daban-daban sau da sculptors Romuald Iodko da Ivanom Shadrom. Shi ya zama synonymous komawa zuwa gare su m plaster sculptures ( "gurguzu hakikanci gypsum"), wanda a cikin Soviet lokacin da aka yi wa ado da dama wuraren shakatawa da kuma al'adu.

An sani cewa rage daga cikin Moscow Gorky Park a 1934 tsunduma m Alexander Vlasov. Ya yanke shawarar kafa wani pool tare da wani marmaro wasu a tsaye ra'ayin mai mace ta adadi. Tun a farkon Vlasov riga jawabi ga Ivan Shadra game da inda kodayaushe a wurin shakatawa daban-daban simintin gyare- gyaren na gargajiya sculptures, da m wakkala a gare shi sculpt sassaka babban hutu yankin.

Shadr a wannan shekara ya fara aiki a kan mutum-mutumi "Girl tare da filafili." Tsayinsa, tare da wata tagulla tushe ya zama 12 mita. Me ya sa Master shi don haka high? Yana zo daga sikelin bisa ga girma na marmaro kuma wurin shakatawa lungu manyan zuwa da shi. The mutum-mutumi da aka samu a shekarar 1935 a tsakiyar Madogararsa na shakatawa a kan babban hanya.

A cewar labari, da sculptor a matsayin abin koyi zaba Vera Voloshin, abin da muka yi magana, game da sama. The mutum-mutumi, dake nuna wata yarinya-dan wasa ba tare da tufafi, a tsaye kuma rike a hannunsa na dama filafili. Ta adadi shi ne daban-daban kuzarin kawo cikas a nuna na shugaban da kuma jiki, mai iko roba siffofi. Sumar ta ya juya zuwa cikin biyu "zankayen", da shugaban da aka fili kayyade, wuyansa, kuma goshi ne Mafi bude.

Duk da haka, zabin kwamitin ya soki aikin Shadr, ciki har da babban tsawo, da kuma a cikin wannan shekara, da mutum-mutumi da aka mayar da su cikin nishadi da kuma al'adun Luhansk. A Tretyakov Gallery ake kiyaye ta rage girmanta kwafin. A nema matarsa Shadr plaster aiki a cikin marigayi 1950s halitta tagulla.

A lokacin rani na 1936 Ivan Shadr gina wani sabon takwas-Riskar mutum-mutumi na tinted kankare. A wannan lokaci ya zama abin koyi ga ɗan motsa jiki Bedrinskaya Zoe. Sassaka da aka shigar a kan fluted ginshiƙai a cikin cibiyar na marmaro. Around shi buga da ruwa jet, da samar da wani irin labule. A 1941, lokacin da sassaka da aka halaka ta kai harin bam.

Wasu yi imani da cewa mutum-mutumi Shadr aiki a matsayin prototypes domin samar da gypsum cheap kofe a cikin manyan yawa a kayyade a cikin wuraren shakatawa kusan a duk faɗin tarayyar Soviet. A gaskiya ma, sun aka sanya a cikin image na sculptor R. R. Iodko tare da wannan sunan, Ya halitta shi a 1936 domin shakatawa "kungiyar Dinamo" filin wasan hydrophytic. The mutum-mutumi da aka sanya na gypsum, kuma yana da tsawo daga 2.5 m. A bambanci shadrovskoy "yarinya" Iodko mutum-mutumi rike da filafili a kan hagu da kuma saka rigan iyo.

A 1935 Iodko Romuald sanya mutum-mutumi na "The Girl tare da filafili" ga marmaro. A farko shi aka shigar a Cherkizovo a Moscow filin wasan "Electric". The mutum-mutumi, dake nuna wata mace tsaye a kan hagu kafa. Ta ke ƙafar dama sa a kan tsayawar, ja gaba gwiwa. Ta bar hannu da aka saukar da shãfe cinya da hannun dãmanka ya mace jingina a kan filafili. Ta aka saka a T-shirt da guntun wando. Wannan mutum-mutumi ya kuma yi aiki a matsayin samfur domin yin kofe.

yau

A shekarar 2011, a watan Afrilu, wani kwafin na mutum-mutumi da aka sa a sama a kan Crimean shaft a Tretyakov Gallery. A lokaci guda Kapkov Sergey (darektan Gorky Park) ya ce cewa mutum-mutumi za a mayar da wurin shakatawa.

A shekarar 2011, 3 Satumba, sake ƙirƙirarsu da mutum-mutumi da aka za a sanya a cikin Central Park (a cikin iyakoki na kabilanci regatta "Golden Boat"). A daidai da sakon wakilin sassaka shakatawa da aka kafa a shekarar 2011, 1 Satumba, da kuma bude kan Satumba 3 a City Day.

ban sha'awa facts

An sani cewa game da wata yarinya da filafili hada songs:

• Valery Sjutkin.
• Kimmelfeld Dmitry.
• "Underwood" ( "ja button" album).
• "Tankin kifi" kungiyar (da album "farin doki").

A accordionist kuma mawaki gungu "Birch" V. Temnova da song kuma ambaci sanannen sassaka.