Oksidiy.Soleobrazuyuschie oxides da nesoleobrazuyuschie

Oxides ne hadaddun abubuwa, kunsha na biyu abubuwa, daya daga wanda - da oxygen a karo na biyu hadawan abu da iskar shaka jihar.

A sinadaran adabi for nomenclature oxides bi da wadannan sharudda:

1. Lokacin rubuta dabarbari oxygen ne ko da yaushe sa a karo na biyu wuri - NO, Cao.
2. Kira oxides, da farko ko da yaushe amfani da kalmar oxide, bayan da shi ne a cikin genitive bz'yu sunan: Bao - barium oxide, K₂O - potassium oxide.
3. A hali a lokacin da rabi da ya ƙunshi mafi oxides bayan da sunan da cikin baka nuna da hadawan abu da iskar shaka jihar na kashi, msl N₂O₅ - nitric oxide (V), Fe₂O₃ - baƙin ƙarfe oxide (II), Fe₂O₃ - baƙin ƙarfe oxide (III).
4. Kira fi na kowa oxides dole dole dangantakar kwayoyin halitta da kwayoyin numerals designate m Greek: N₂O - dinitrogen oxide, NO₂ - nitrogen dioxide, N₂O₅ - dinitrogen pentoxide, NO - nitrogen monoxide.
5. Inorganic acid anhydrides shi ne kyawawa kiran wannan hanya a matsayin oxides (msl, N₂O₅ - nitric oxide (V)).

Oxides za a iya samu a hanyoyi da dama:

1. Dayake da oxygen sauki abubuwa. Simple abubuwa suna oxidized karkashin dumama sau da yawa saki zafi da haske. Wannan tsari shine ake kira kona
   C + O₂ = CO₂
2. Saboda da hadawan abu da iskar shaka daga hadaddun abubuwa samu oxides na abubuwa da suke kunshe a cikin abun da ke ciki na fara abu:
   2H₂S + 3O₂ = 2 2 H₂O + SO₂
3. bazuwar na nitrates, hydroxides, carbonates:
   2Cu (NO₃) ₂ = 2CuO + 4NO₂ + O₂
   CaCO₃ = Cao + CO₂
   Cu (OH) ₂ = CuO + H₂O
4. A sakamakon hadawan abu da iskar shaka daga karfe oxides na sauran abubuwa. Similar halayen sune tushen metallothermy - dawo da karafa daga oxides tare da wani karin aiki karfe:
   2Al + Cr₂O₃ = 2Cr ± Al₂O₃
5. By bazuwar na mafi girma oxides ko hadawan abu da iskar shaka daga cikin ƙananan:
   4CrO₃ = 2Cr₂O₃ + 3O₃
   4FeO + O₂ = 2Fe₂O₃
   4CO + O₂ = 2CO₂

Nau'in tushen oxides na sinadaran Properties nufa da rabo a cikin gishiri-kafa oxides da nesoleobrazuyuschie (sha'aninsu dabam). Salt-kafa oxides, bi da bi, zuwa kashi acidic, asali da kuma amphoteric.

Babban oxides dace da tushe. Alal misali, Na₂O, Cao, MgO - asali oxides, tun da suka dace da tushe - NaOH, Ca (OH) ₂, MG (OH) ₂. Wasu oxides (K₂O da Cao) readily amsa tare da ruwa da kuma samar da Game da tushe:

Cao + H₂O = Ca (OH) ₂

K₂O + H₂O = 2KOH

Oxides na Fe₂O₃, CuO, Ag₂O da ruwa ba su amsa, amma acid da aka neutralized, inda dauke da muhimmanci:

Fe₂O₃, + 6HCl = 2FeCl₃ + 3H₂OCuO + H₂SO₄ + H₂O

Ag₂O + 2HNO₃ = 2AgNO₃ + H₂O

Hankula sinadaran Properties na da irin wannan oxides - su dauki tare da acid, a sakamakon wanda, kamar yadda mai mulkin, samar da ruwa da kuma gishiri:

FeO + 2HCl = FeCl₂ + H₂O

Basic oxides amsa ma tare da acidic oxides:

Cao + CO₂ = CaCO₃.

Acidic oxides dace acid, misali, oxide N₂O₃ yayi dace nitric acid HNO₂, Cl₂O₇ - perchloric acid, HClO₄, SO₃ - sulfuric acid H₂SO₄.

Babban sinadaran dukiya irin oxides ne su dauki tare da kwasfansu kafa gishiri da ruwa:

2NaOH + CO₂ = NaCO₃ + H₂O

Mafi acidic oxides amsa tare da ruwa, kafa da m acid. A lokaci guda SiO₂ oxide shi ne kusan insoluble a ruwa, amma shi zai shafe tushe, saboda haka, shi ne wani acidic oxide:

2NaOH + SiO₂ = (fe) Na₂siO₃ + H₂O

Amphoteric oxides - oxides ne cewa dangane da yanayin nuna acidic da asali Properties, Ina nufin, ta maida martani da acid din da nuna hali kamar yadda na asali oxides, kuma ta dauki tare da kwasfansu - kamar yadda acid.

Ba duk amphoteric oxides mu'amala daidai da sansanonin da kuma acid. Wasu da karin pronounced asali Properties, wasu - acidic.

Idan tutiya oxide ko chromium daidai reacts tare acid da kwasfanta, sa'an nan da oxide Fe₂O₃ asali Properties fi yawa.

Da kaddarorin amphoteric oxides ZnO aka kwatanta a cikin wannan misali:

ZnO + 2HCl = ZnCl₂ + H₂O

ZnO + 2NaOH = Na₂ZnO₂ + H₂O

Nesoleobrazuyuschie oxides ba nunawa ko dai acid ko sansanonin (misali, N₂O, NO).

Bugu da ƙari, ba su bayar da halayen irin wa waɗanda gishiri-kafa oxides. Nesoleobrazuyuschie oxides iya amsa tare da acid ko alkalies, amma ba samar da kayayyakin da suke da hali na gishiri-kafa oxides, kamar 150⁰S da kuma 1.5 MPa CO reacts tare da sodium hydroxide samar da wata gishiri - sodium formate:

CO + NaOH = HCOONa

Nesoleobrazuyuschie oxides rasprostranenіy ba fãɗinta kamar sauran iri oxides aka kafa, yafi shafe divalent nonmetals.