Nitric oxide (I, II, III, IV, V): dukiya, samarwa, aikace-aikace

Gabatarwar

Idan ka duba da hankali a kan nitrogen a cikin tsarin kwayoyin sunadarai na DI Mendeleyev, za ka iya ganin cewa yana da muni. Wannan yana nufin cewa nitrogen yana samar da mahadi iri iri tare da oxygen a yanzu. An gano wasu daga cikinsu kwanan nan, wasu kuma ana nazarin su da kuma gaba ɗaya. Akwai ƙananan ƙwayoyin nitrogen. Dukkanin sunadarai na kowanne daga cikin wadannan abubuwa sun bambanta, sabili da haka, a lokacin da suke nazarin su, wajibi ne a yi la'akari da akalla salin nitrogen guda biyar. Wannan shine game da su kuma za a tattauna a cikin labarin yau.

Nitric oxide (I)

Formula - N ₂ O. Wani lokaci yana iya kiran oksonitridom nitrogen, dinitrogen oxide, nitrous oxide ko dariya gas.

Properties

A karkashin yanayi na al'ada, gas mai ban sha'awa yana wakilta da wari mai dadi. Zai iya narke ruwa, ethanol, ether da sulfuric acid. Idan man fetur na monohydrogen na gas din monoxide yana mai tsanani zuwa zazzabi mai zafi a matsa lamba na 40, zai yi girma zuwa ruwa mai ban sha'awa. Wannan wani abu ne wanda ba shi da gishiri wanda ya rabu da shi a yayin zafi kuma ya nuna kanta a cikin halayen a matsayin wakili mai ragewa.

Karɓar

Wannan oxide da aka kafa a lokacin da mai tsanani bushe ammonium nitrate. Wata hanya ta samun shi ita ce nakasawa na thermal na "sulfamin + nitric acid".

Aikace-aikacen

An yi amfani dashi don maganin warkarwa, masana'antun abinci sun san wannan oxide a matsayin ƙarami E942. Har ila yau, ya inganta fasaha na fasaha na injuna na ciki.

Nitric oxide (II)

Ma'anar ita ce NO. Yana faruwa a ƙarƙashin sunayen nitrogen monoxide, nitric oxide da nitrosyl m

Properties

A karkashin yanayi na al'ada, yana kama da gas marar launi, wadda ba ta da kyau a cikin ruwa. Zai yi wuya ga rashin ruwa, amma a cikin ruwa da ruwa yana cewa wannan abu yana da launi mai launi. Wannan oxide za a iya sarrafa shi ta iska mai iska

Karɓar

Yana da sauki sauƙin samun, saboda wannan ya wajaba don zafi har zuwa 1200-1300 ° C cakuda nitrogen da oxygen. A cikin dakin gwaje-gwaje, an kafa shi nan da nan tare da gwaje-gwajen da yawa:

• A dauki na jan karfe da kuma 30% bayani na nitric acid.
• A dauki na ferric chloride, sodium nitrite da hydrochloric acid.
• A dauki na nitrous da hydriodic acid.

Aikace-aikacen

Wannan shine daya daga cikin abubuwan da aka samar da nitric acid.

Nitric oxide (III)

Formula - N ₂ Ya _3. Ana kuma iya kira shi anhydride nitrous da sesquioxide na nitrogen.

Properties

A karkashin yanayi na al'ada, ruwa ne wanda ke da launi mai launi, kuma a cikin yanayi mai kyau - gas marar launi. Tsarin oxide mai wanzu ne kawai a cikin jihar mai tara.

Karɓar

An kafa shi ta hanyar hulɗar da kashi 50% na acid nitric da samfurin oxide na arsenic (wanda za'a iya maye gurbinsu ta hanyar sitaci).

Aikace-aikacen

Tare da wannan abu a cikin dakin gwaje-gwaje shirya nitrous acid da kuma ta salts.

Nitric oxide (IV)

Formula - NO _2. Ana iya kiran shi nitrogen dioxide ko gas mai launin ruwan kasa.

Properties

Sunan karshe ya dace da ɗaya daga cikin dukiyarsa. Bayan haka, wannan oxide yana da nau'i na ko dai ja-launin ruwan kasa ko launin ruwan kasa. Yana da babban aikin sinadaran.

Karɓar

Wannan samfurin yana samuwa ne ta hanyar haɗuwa da nitric acid da kuma jan karfe, da kuma lokacin da bazuwar magungunan gubar.

Aikace-aikacen

Tare da shi na samar sulfuric da nitric acid oxidized ruwa propellant da kuma gauraye nakiyoyi.

Nitric oxide (V)

Formula - N ₂ Ya _5. Za a iya faruwa a ƙarƙashin sunayen dodin pentoxide, nitrate, nitro ko nitric anhydride.

Properties

Yana da nau'i na lu'u-lu'u marar launi da ƙyama. Za su iya narke a zafin jiki na 32.3 ° C.

Karɓar

Wannan samfurin yana kafa ta hanyar da yawa halayen:

• Dehydration na nitric acid tare da pentavalent phosphorus oxide.
• Transmittance bushe chlorine kan azurfa nitrate.
• Hadawa na ozone tare da nitrogen oxide tetravalent.

Aikace-aikacen

Saboda mummunar rashin zaman lafiya a cikin tsararren tsari ba a amfani da shi ko'ina.

Kammalawa

A cikin ilmin sunadarai, akwai kwayoyi tara na nitrogen, wadanda suke sama ne kawai mahadi ne na wannan kashi. Sauran hudu sun kasance, kamar yadda aka riga ya fada, abubuwa marasa ƙarfi. Duk da haka, dukansu suna raba dukiya - babbar yawan guba. Rigar da nitrogen ya yi a cikin yanayi ya haifar da mummunar cututtuka a yanayin kiwon lafiyar mutanen da ke zaune a kusa da tsire-tsire masu tsire-tsire. Kwayar cutar ta guba ta kowane abu daga waɗannan abubuwa - maganin ƙwaƙwalwar ƙwayar cuta, rushewa na tsakiya mai juyayi tsarin da lalata jini, dalilin da - da ɗaukar hemoglobin. Sabili da haka, dole ne a yi amfani da magungunan nitrogen tare da kulawa kuma a mafi yawan lokuta amfani da kayan tsaro.