Ntoskrnl.exe - menene wannan? Bayanin cikakken bayani na bangaren

Tsarin aiki na iyalin Windows sun kasance har zuwa daidaito a dukan duniya. Duk da haka, game da ƙasashenmu, wannan yanayin ya bayyana har ma da fili. Duk abin da ya kasance, amma ga mafi yawan masu amfani da gida suna magana "tsarin aiki" ba ya haifar da wasu ƙungiyoyi, sai dai bayyanar da ido na ciki na "windows".

Haka kuma shi ne saboda yawancin matsalolin da masu amfani da mu ke hulɗa da hanyar daya ko sauran suna haɗe kawai da waɗannan ko wasu alamun "windows". Abin takaici, kawai 'yan masu amfani suna da kowane ra'ayi game da tsarin aiki wanda suke aiki a kowace rana. Amma wannan zai haifar da fitowar mafi yawan matsalolin da ke damun. Ka san, misali, menene ntoskrnl.exe? Amma wannan yana ɗaya daga cikin muhimman abubuwan Windows OS, ba tare da sanin abubuwan da za ku iya fuskantar matsaloli masu tsanani ba.

Definition

Sakamakon haka, a karkashin wannan sunan mara kyau ba a ɓoye kome ba, amma ainihin tsarin NT. Tabbas, wannan ba ainihin mahimmancin ba ne, amma muhimmin ɓangare na wannan. An tsara wannan fayil don farawa a yanayin kare. Tabbas, saboda wannan yana da kyakkyawan manufa na shirye-shirye na mummunan lokacin da kullun tsarin.

Ina ne aka samo shi?

Sanin wuri na tsari a mafi yawan lokuta yana da amfani sosai, tun da yake yana ba ka damar sanin ko abu a cikin Task Manager shi ne cutar. Amma a wannan yanayin, wannan fayil ɗin yana samuwa a wurare da dama yanzu, wanda shine kuskuren mataki daga maɗaukakiyar ra'ayi don inganta tsaro na irin wannan tsari mai muhimmanci na tsarin.

Saboda haka, tare da lalacewar OS mai lalacewar saboda lalacewar tsarin ko hardware, hadarin cutar ko wasu matsaloli, hanyar dawowa ta zama sauƙi. Duk da haka, bari mu gudanar da bincike mai mahimmanci a cikin dukkan adiresoshin Windows. Tun da XP, zaka iya samun fayil ɗin a cikin fayiloli mataimaka a adireshin: c: \ windows \ system32 \ ntoskrnl.exe.

Siffofin daban-daban na fayil

Masana sun lura cewa a kwanan wata a OS tsarin Windows a lokaci guda ba za ka iya gani a matsayin hudu versions na wannan fayil. Anan sune:

• ntoskrnl.exe iya zama wani bangare ne na tsakiya a kan uniprocessor tsarin jeri .
• Sabili da haka, yana iya zama wani ɓangare na fasali na multiprocessor na OS;
• Yanayin uniprocessor ya ba da cewa fiye da uku gigabytes na RAM kuma yana buƙatar kansa kansa fasalin wannan fayil ɗin don aikin haɓaka;
• A ƙarshe, rarraba ntoskrnl.exe yana da tsarin nau'i-nau'i da fiye da uku gigabytes na RAM.

Shiga cikin gudanarwa na kayan aiki

A can farko na loading Loader (bootloader) tsarin watsa da aiwatar iko tsarin fayil Ntoskrnl. Wannan karshen ya fara ganewa da na'urori daban-daban, kuma yana da matukar cigaba da shirye-shiryen tsarin tsarin don fara aiki tare da aikace-aikace da kayan aiki daban-daban.

Mene ne muhimmancin ntoskrnl.exe don sabon tsarin? Windows 7 (da Windows 8 da Vista) sun fi dogara da shi (idan aka kwatanta da tsarin tsofaffin OS), saboda a zamaninmu, kare tsarin daga shirye-shiryen bidiyo na da muhimmanci. A yau sun zama mafi "ƙirƙirar", shiga cikin OS a matakin da aka kaddamar.

Game da tsarin karewa

Wani muhimmin sashi na wannan tsari shine matakin matakan kayan aiki na kernel - Abstraction Layer. Wannan yana da muhimmanci tun ntoskrnl.exe tsari ne kashe a wani galihu yanayin da CPU. Ana kiran wannan zaɓin "nauyin kare kariya" ta masana (Ringi 0). A taƙaice sa, hanya ta musamman ta ba da izini don samun dama ga tsarin da aka gyara, ta hanyar kewaye da fasahar fasaha. Anyi wannan don iyakar gudun kernel, daidaituwa da 'yancin kai daga harsashi na waje. Alal, a aikace duk abin da zai iya fitowa kaɗan kaɗan.

Har yanzu Game da Malware

Ba abin mamaki bane, wannan tsari shine "kyawawan bishiyoyi" ga masu kirkiro aikace-aikace masu banƙyama. Bayan haka, idan kun shafe shi, za ku iya samun dama ga tsarin a cikin yanayin ƙananan! Idan irin wannan yunkurin ya ci nasara, to, duk wani riga-kafi da ke gudana a kan Windows ya zama mara amfani.

Duk da haka, kwanan nan wannan matsalar ta warware. Gaskiyar hujjar shigarwa a cikin tsarin ta samu nasarar budewa ta hanyar kwatanta jimlar kuɗin fayil na nckskrnl.exe (wadda kuka rigaya sani) wanda ke rataye cikin tsarin tsarin, tare da irin wannan "ƙididdiga" da Microsoft ta bayar.

Sauran hanyoyin kare

Idan ka yi kokarin share wannan fayil daga wurin da ya dace a cikin babban fayil na Windows, sa'an nan kuma a cikin goma zuwa goma sha biyu seconds zai sake kasancewa a daidai wannan wuri! Ina ya isa can? Haka ne, kawai tsarin zai tsaftace ta kai tsaye daga RAM.

Gabatarwar wannan tsari a cikin ƙwaƙwalwar ajiya yana tabbatar da cewa maɓallinsa a kan faifan bazai maye gurbinsu da wasu maganganu masu haɗari ba. Don samar da cikakkiyar kariya, tsarin zamani na Windows iyali sau da yawa kwatanta waɗannan fayiloli a duk aikin su.

Yadda za a tabbatar da kasancewar tsari?

Bari mu duba idan akwai ainihin ntoskrnl.exe a lissafin tsari na tsarin. Mene ne wannan yake nufi? Da farko kana bukatar ka gudu da "Task Manager" (latsa uku mashiga, kamar yadda muka ambata a sama), sa'an nan akwai wani batu a lura da "Nuna matakai daga dukkan masu amfani." Bayan haka, ana iya ganin tsarin. Tabbas, ya kamata a kaddamar da shi daga wannan wuri: windows \ system32 \ ntoskrnl.exe.

Matsaloli masu yiwuwa

Alal, a cikin aiki, ba haka ba ne don ya dace da lokuta yayin da loading tsarin ya zama ba zai yiwu ba saboda fadin fayil ntoskrnl.exe. Sakamakon "launi mai launi na mutuwa" yakan sauko saboda shi.

Masana sun amince da cewa a mafi yawan lokuta wannan matsala ta faru ne saboda wasu malfunctions na kwamfutar ta kwamfutar. Sau da yawa, masu amfani suna fuskantar wannan matsala bayan sun maye gurbin babban tsarin faifai ko haɗa sabon rumbun kwamfutarka. Sanya kawai, bayan tace jiki na kwakwalwa mai wuya.

Sanadin matsalar matsaloli

Duk da wasu nau'o'in maganganu, wasu dalilai mahimmanci sun kasance kusan canzawa. Anan sune:

• Cases na tsarin fayiloli na fayil, wanda yake mahimmanci akan XP da kuma tsofaffin tsarin aiki (zaka iya dubawa da gyara shi tare da umurnin chkdsk).
• Saboda matsala kayan aiki da lalacewa ta hanyar kwatsam.
• Lokacin da miyagun miyagun sun bayyana a kan faifaiyar disk (an duba ta kuma gyara ta hanyar shirin da ake kira "Victoria").

Zan iya gyara fayil mara kyau?

Haka ne, yana da gaske. Don yin wannan aiki, zaka buƙaci fayilolin da ka ko abokanka suka shigar da tsarin. Bayan saukewa, kana buƙatar zaɓar "Sake Sake Saiti" a cikin taga "Wizard", kuma fara hanyar layin umarni daga can. A ciki, kana buƙatar saka umarni mai zuwa: fadada d: \ i386 \ ntoskrnl.ex_ c: \ windows \ system32. Lura: maimakon D sa harafi a Tantancewar drive!

Latsa Shigar. Idan duk abin da aka aikata daidai, za'a tambayeka ka yarda da sake rubuta fayil ɗin. Latsa maɓallin Y, latsa maɓallin shigarwa. Fayil za a sake kofe daga cikin Tantancewar faifai da kuma overwrite da gurbatattun abubuwa a cikin tsarin.

Muhimmin! Don dawowa, yi amfani kawai da fayilolin shigarwa. A kowane hali, kada ku yi amfani da dukan "majalisai" don wannan dalili, sakamakon haka za ku iya samun mawuyacin matsaloli!