Nonspecific rigakafi: definition, sunadaran, dalilai da kuma siffofin

Rigakafi ne a hadaddun na m dalilai da samar da jiki ta ikon tsayayya da illar da waje jamiái. A karshen, misali, hada da kwayoyin cuta, da gubobi, ƙwayoyin cuta, kasashen waje jikinsu. A kimiyya iri biyu rigakafi: takamaiman da kuma wadanda ba musamman. A karshen da za a tattauna a cikin labarin.

Janar halaye

направлен против любого антигена. M rigakafi directed a kan wani antigen. Kwayoyin shigar azzakari cikin farji na waje al'amari suranta wani isasshen martani. A dauki iya zama humoral ko salon salula matakin. A cikin farko idan wani martani ne generated da samar da antibacterial mahadi. обеспечивает захват инородных веществ и цитотоксический эффект. Non-takamaiman salula rigakafi sa da kama na waje al'amarin, kuma a cytotoxic sakamako.

abubuwa

) представлены в виде анатомических барьеров, секреторных молекул и прочих компонентов. Non-takamaiman kariya dalilai (rigakafi) an gabatar da a cikin hanyar ilimin Halittar Jiki shingen, secretory kwayoyin da sauran gyara. Tsohon hada da epithelial yadudduka na mucous, fata, bronchopulmonary cilia hawa da sauka da kuma rage hanji. считается врожденным. Non-takamaiman irin kariyar da aka dauke m.

inji Tsarin

формируют различные барьеры для инородных агентов. Jiki dalilai na ba-takamaiman cell-sulhu tsakani rigakafi samar da daban-daban shinge ga kasashen waje jamiái. Kamar yadda daya daga cikin mafi inganci shingen ne epithelial surface. Wadannan matsaloli ne kusan gagarar mafi daga cikin jamiái. A farko cikas ne fata. Desquamation (peeling) epithelium inganta kau na kwayoyin cuta da sauran cututtuka a jikinsu. Hanji hanginsu, ciliary motsi samar saki na numfashi tsarin da gastrointestinal fili da kwayoyin. Yau da hawaye, wanke bakinsa da idanu, taimako zuwa ga rigakafin cututtuka. Har ila yau, na samar da kariya da kuma airway mucosa da gastrointestinal fili.

sinadaran mahadi

Non-takamaiman rigakafi da aka bayar a da yawa hanyoyi daban-daban. Daidai da muhimmanci haka ne sinadaran mahadi kafa a lokacin shigar azzakari cikin farji jamiái. Saboda haka, ci gaban da kwayoyin ragae saukar a ƙarƙashin rinjayar gumi m acid. Takobin tada zaune tsaye sakamako a kan membrane na pathogens da phospholipase da lysozyme ba a hanci secretions, hawaye da kuma yau. Kwayan girma slows da low PH daga ciki secretions da kuma gumi. Mallaka antimicrobial aiki na low kwayoyin nauyi sunadaran (defensins) ba a cikin gastrointestinal fili da kuma huhu. A al'ada Flora na fata da kuma a cikin gastrointestinal fili shi ne iya hana mulkin mallaka na pathogenic jamiái da ƙarni na mai guba mahadi ko gasa da kwayoyin cuta ga abin da aka makala wani surface ko gina jiki.

Nonspecific rigakafi: humoral matakin

Lalle ne, haƙĩƙa, daga ilimin Halittar Jiki cikas hana mulkin mallaka na saman da pathogenic jamiái ne sosai tasiri. Duk da haka, idan akwai lalacewa shingen keta. Wannan damar cutarwa mahadi shiga cikin jiki. A irin haka ne, ba-takamaiman rigakafi da aka kunna a cikin humoral matakin. Its abubuwa ne da ba a magani ko tara a shafin kamuwa da cuta sarrafawa.

tsarin

Lokacin iya shiga cikin jikin pathogenic jamiái suna kunna m sunadaran. Kamar yadda daya daga cikinsu ya aikata kamar yadda najumla tsarin. Its kunnawa yana tare da janyo ra'ayoyin jama'a da phagocytes, lysosomes, karuwa a jijiyoyin bugun gini permeability. Wani inji ne coagulation tsarin. Yana da aka kunna dangane da tsananin of nama lalacewa. Wasu tsarin samar da kayayyakin da nonspecific m martani ta hanyar kara jijiyoyin bugun gini permeability. Sun yi aiki a matsayin chemoattractants - abubuwa wanda, shiga jamiái, tsokane su motsi. Bugu da kari, wasu kayayyakin da wani antimicrobial sakamako. Wadannan sun hada da, misali, hada da beta-lysine. Wannan gina jiki aka samar da platelets a lokacin clotting. Ya lyse da yawa gram-tabbatacce kwayoyin. Transferrin da Lactoferrin daura baƙin ƙarfe zama dole domin da ake dasu iyakance su girma. Interferons suna da ikon iyakance kwayar kwafi. Lysozyme ne hallakaswa da membrane na kwayoyin.

Sel nonspecific rigakafi

Part na mayar da martani ga kamuwa da so da janyo ra'ayoyin jama'a da polymorphonuclear eosinophils, neutrophils, macrophages. Suka yi tafiya zuwa site na sarrafawa da kwayoyin. Wadannan Kwayoyin suna dauke su main line na tsaro na ba-takamaiman rigakafi. Neutrophils - polymorphonuclear leukocytes aka aika zuwa shafin kamuwa da cuta da kuma kama kwayoyin. rigakafi Kwayoyin iya hallaka su intracellularly ko motsa a cikin extracellular tarko. Bugu da kari, neutrophils suna da hannu a cikin nama gyara bayan kawar da kamuwa da cuta.

macrophages

Wadannan abubuwa ma suna da ikon phagocytose (kama) pathogenic Kwayoyin, kuma ya halaka su. Decontamination jamiái samar a cikin kwayuka matakin. Macrophages mallaka wasu halaye. Alal misali, suna da ikon extracellular (extracellular), halakarwa. Bayan da abubuwa da hannu a nama maimaita.

bugu da žari

Bayan sama Kwayoyin a wani maras takamaiman rigakafi da tsarin ƙunshi halitta da kuma lymphokine-kunna kisa Kwayoyin. Wadannan abubuwa ne iya kashe ƙari jamiái na kamuwa da cuta. Killer Kwayoyin suna gani ba, da ɓangare na kumburi martani. Duk da haka, ba-takamaiman rigakafi, sun taka muhimmiyar rawa. Har ila yau ba a cikin tsarin eosinophils. Sunadaran da granules ne tasiri da wani yawan parasites.

kumburi

Babban aiki na wannan dauki hidima rabuwa na pathogenic kwayoyin da su gubobi a kyallen takarda infiltrated, sa'an nan su halaka. Na musamman muhimmancin a cikin kumburi tsari ne histamine, serotonin da sauran ilimin aiki aka gyara. Su taimako zuwa ga karuwa a capillary permeability, da barin ci gaban edema. The ruwa ba a jari site jamiái ne neutrophils, macrophages, antibody, najumla. Sun bayar da neutralization na jikin kwayoyin cutar da su da gubobi. A fannin kumburi mayar da hankali phagocytes. Sun samar da wani irin shãmaki cewa ya hana da baza kamuwa da cuta. Yana kuma fara tara fibrinogen. Kunna don fibrin, shi na samar da clotting na kananan jini da kuma Lymph. Wannan halitta wani shãmaki zuwa baza kamuwa da cuta ta hanyar su. A kumburi foci sosai jini wadata. Game da shi a fara tara acid kayayyakin da metabolism, da kuma rage PH. Yana adversely rinjayar da girma da kuma haifuwa na kwayoyin.