Nizhniy Novgorod. Kremlin - wani sansanin soja a birnin cibiyar (photo)

A wannan lokaci shi ne a zaci cewa akwai 41 tarihi gari a Rasha. Daga cikin su da wani wuri na musamman ne Nizhny Novgorod. Kremlin na birni ne daya daga cikin mafi kyau da kuma majestic gani ya kuma kiyaye daga cikin birni janyo hankalin dubban masu yawon bude ido, ciki har da wadanda daga kasashen waje.

Tarihin kafuwar kuma yi

Tun zamanin da, da yankin na zamanin d Rasha da aka gina garun cewa kare birnin daga abokan gaba hari. Ba abin mamaki da Scandinavians kira Gardarika kasar mu. Daya daga cikin wadannan fortifications, gina a karni na 14th, ya zama Nizhny Novgorod Kremlin, wanda aka asali gina na duniya da kuma itace.

Karkashin Ivan ta Uku, a 1500, don karfafa tsaro iyawa daga cikin birni da aka dage farawa na farko da dutse hasumiya, da aka sani da Tver. Saboda da kai hari taro don kammala gina shi ne kawai a 1505, kazalika da shekaru 8 daga baya ƙone oak Kremlin a Nizhny Novgorod gayyaci m Pietro Francesco. Yana da wannan Italian, kuma Ya halitta karfi kufaifan, wanda a yau gigice baƙi.

New Kremlin da aka gina da tufa, samar da nisa da tushe na Volga, kuma bolshemernogo ja bulo, wanda aka samar a kan tabo.

description sansanin soja

Kremlin (Nizhny Novgorod) yana da 2-kilometer bango da kuma 13 hasumiyarki. Daga cikin wadannan, 5 sun rectangular carriageways da 8 - zagaye, kurãme. Har ila yau, kafin Dmitrov hasumiya da aka karamin dutse gada tare da sallama hasumiya.

Sansanin soja da aka kewaye da wani moat anhydrous fadi da zurfin 25-30 m -. 2.5-4 m Masana sun bayar da shawarar cewa a moat yanki Dmitrovskaya hasumiyar da wasu yankunan da aka cika ruwan karkashin kasa.

Makamai da kuma sojojin

An manyan bindigogi sansanin soja a cikin 16th karni, a lokacin babu abin da aka sani. Duk da haka, da data ne kiyaye cewa a cikin tsakiyar karni 17th m sojojin ya kasance kawai 20 da bindigogi, domin bayan shan Ivanom Groznym a 1552 Kazan soja da tsaron abubuwan da Nizhny Novgorod Kremlin ki muhimmanci. Sun kasance mafi yawa kananan zamo squeaked tufafin. Akwai ma kyãwãwa - kananan bindigogi da harbe-harben sulusi da murabba'i. Bugu da kari, da yin amfani da wasu bindigogi - da abinci-gakovnitsy.

Kremlin (Nizhny Novgorod): Tarihi

Cikin dukanin 16th karni sansanin soja da aka akai-akai hõre kewaye, amma maƙiyi taba gudanar da su tãyar da kan shi da tutarsa.

A 17th karni da Kremlin ya zama wani wuri inda akwai wani taro, lamarin da kungiyar na biyu jama'ar kasar mayakan, wadda ajiye Rasha, da kuma kammala da matsaloli.

A 18th karni da aka yi amfani a matsayin wurin zama na gwamna. Lokacin da Catherine da oda dilapidated Kremlin mayar. Duk da haka, da samfurin ayyukan kawai ya kara da yanayin tsarin. Ko da more tareda žata an yi yunkurin ceto kufaifan Kanmu a 1834-1837 shekaru. A musamman, bayan da tsanya da aka cika, da tsawo daga cikin Kremlin ki ta 4 m da kuma ƙananan tiers sun karkashin kasa. A sakamakon haka, suka cika da ruwa da kasa da ruwa da kuma hankali ya fara ru ewa. A cikin karni na 19th, da Kremlin (Nizhny Novgorod) ya zama wani wuri inda ya tafi zuwa ga Patriotic War na mayakan sa kai, wanda, da aminci ga memory kakanninsa, nuna kansu jarumi sojoji.

A tushe na gidan kayan gargajiya

Karkashin Alexander Uku zo da fashion ga duk abin da Rasha da kuma sha'awa a cikin tarihin kasar. A 1894 aka yanke shawarar shirya wani tarihi gidan kayan gargajiya a cikin Kremlin. Don yin wannan, mun yanke shawarar remake Dmitrievskaya hasumiya. Bayan kammala a 1896, da gidan kayan gargajiya da aka bude ga jama'a. Don isar da baƙi zuwa Nizhny Novgorod Kremlin (Nizhny Novgorod), wani photo na wanda aka gabatar a kasa, a 1896 da Kirsimeti titi gina funicular. Duk da haka, a 1926 shi ne ya rufe, kamar yadda fara aiki streetcar line tare Zelensky Congress. Ta shiga cikin Great Ceto titi tare da Kirsimeti.

Karkashin Soviet mulki (har 1945)

Bayan da Oktoba juyin juya halin, kazalika da dukan ƙasar, da wani babban canji da ya sãme Nizhny Novgorod. A Kremlin ya rasa ya shahara Transfiguration Cathedral, wanda ya ba wuri a cikin birni, sake masa suna a cikin girmamawa Maksima Gorkogo.

A site na wani tsoho Haikali, wadda aka gina Mihailom Romanovym da Akbishop Filaret a cikin 17th karni, sabon hukumomi don gina wani gidan majalisarku, da kuma gidan kayan gargajiya, wanda sarrafa a cikin Dmitriev hasumiya da aka rufe. kuma ɓullo da wani shiri na lalata wasu hasumiyoyin, domin fadada Soviet yankin, amma da tsare-tsaren da aka hana ta Great Patriotic War.

Daga 1941 zuwa 1943, da Nazis fara bombard iska Nizhny Novgorod. A Kremlin, wanda a wancan lokacin ya kasance fiye da 4 ƙarni, ya tashi a cikin tsaro na ƙasarsa ta gari. A ranar da hasumiyai sun sa anti-aircraft bindigogi da cewa kare sama a Gorky.

A postwar lokaci

By karshen yakin duniya na biyu a kusa da ganuwar da tsoho Kremlin, Soviet Square (Minin da Pozharsky), shi ne na Nasara Parade, kuma tun shekara ta 1949, da sansanin soja da aka hõre sabuntawa. Bayan '31 a cikin Kremlin, an baje kolin na makamai, da yaki da invaders.

Tun farkon shekarun 1990s da rashin kudade ya jagoranci wani cikakken bayanin daina maido aiki. Sun ci gaba ne kawai a cikin 2000s. A daidai wannan lokaci, a adana da waɗansu alãmõmi ga nan gaba, a cikin Nizhny Novgorod shirya da Historical da kuma Zanen Reserve, kafuwar wanda yake da Kremlin.

Daga karshe shekaru na abubuwan da suka faru ya kamata a lura Zachatskoy maimaitawa na hasumiya, wadda aka yi a shekara ta 2012. A sakamakon yi aiki Zobe Kremlin ganuwar zama ruwan dare, kuma gine-gine gungu samu cikakken tsari.

Wannan yau da suke ganin yawon bude ido a Nizhny Novgorod

Yau birnin ne daya daga cikin mafi muhimmanci yawon shakatawa cibiyoyin na yankin. Da yawa jan hankali a kowace shekara jawo hankalin dubban masu yawon bude ido zuwa Nizhny Novgorod. A Kremlin shi ne shugaban su. Daga cikin Monuments kiyaye su a cikin karkararta, da shi za a iya lura 13 hasumiya, kowanne daga abin dubawa zai yi girma yarda masoya na architecture. Bugu da kari, akwai da City Duma, da m ofishin, kotu na sulhu, babban rajista ofishin, a post office, a Philharnonic zauren, wani art gidan kayan gargajiya, a guardhouse da kuma wani na har abada harshen wuta. Har ila yau, akwai aka shirya: lungu na soyayya, 'yan cafes da sauran ban sha'awa abubuwa.

Nizhny Novgorod Kremlin: yadda za a samu

A sansanin soja ne ayi a mahaɗar tsakãninsu da Oka da Volga, a kan wani babban promontory. Lalle ne waɗanda suka zo a cikin birni da jirgin kasa daga tashar jirgin Moscow iya isa Kremlin, ta amfani da motar jigila N 34, 81, 134, 54 ko 172 don dakatar "Minin da Pozharsky Square". A wadannan ne auku a kan wani mai tafiya a ƙasa titi - Bolshaya Pokrovskaya.

sauran dostoprimechaelnosti

Me kuma za ka ga idan kun kasance m isa a samu zuwa Nizhny Novgorod? A Kremlin da aka kewaye da ban sha'awa tarihi da kuma gine-gine da Monuments, wanda kuma za a iya kyan gani. Alal misali, a cikin square da Minin da Pozharsky, located a kudu maso gabashin gefe na garun birnin, akwai wani kwafin daga cikin shahararrun Moscow da wani abin tunawa a gina a girmama heroes. Kusa ne ma cikin A. S. Pushkina Museum, marmaro, gina a 1847, Monuments V. Chkalov da Kuzma Minin. A karshen da aka sani cewa shi aka shigar a lokacin yaki, domin tada morale na Nizhny Novgorod a cikin kwanaki na tsanani iska hare-hare a kan birnin.

Yanzu da ka san abin da janyo hankalin masu yawon shakatawa Nizhny Novgorod. Kremlin (Dubi photo. Sama) ya cancanci ya bincika shi, da kuma cike da girman kai ga ayyuka na kakanninmu.