Nitrogen - me ke cewa stuff? Nau'in da kaddarorin da nitrogen

Nitrogen - sanannun sinadaran kashi, wanda aka sanya da wasika N. Wannan kashi ne mai yiwuwa tushen inorganic sunadarai, shi ya fara karatu a daki-daki, ko a cikin 8th sa. A wannan labarin, za mu duba a sinadari kuma da kaddarorin da kuma iri.

Tarihi na samu na da wani sinadari mai

Nitrogen - wani kashi wanda aka fara gabatar da sanannen Faransa sunadarai Antuanom Lavuaze. Amma ga lakabi na discoverer na nitrogen yaki da yawa malaman, daga gare su, Henry Cabendish, Carl Scheele, Daniel Rutherford.

Henry Cabendish a sakamakon da gwaninta na farko sinadari gano, amma bai gane ba cewa shi ya kasance wani sauki al'amarin. Game da kwarewa, ya ce wa Yusufu Priestley, wanda kuma ya tafi ta yawan karatu. Kila, ma, Priestley nasara a isolating da rabi, amma masana kimiyya ba zai iya fahimtar abin da ya ke, don haka bai cancanci da lakabi na farko. Carl Scheele lokaci guda tare da su za'ayi da wannan bincike, amma bai zo da daidai ƙarshe.

A wannan shekara Daniel Rezerford ya iya ba kawai samun nitrogen, amma kuma ya bayyana shi, to buga da dissertation da kuma saka da asali sinadaran Properties daga cikin kashi. Ko Rutherford har karshen kuma bai gane ba abin da ya samu. Duk da haka, shi yana dauke da wani majagaba domin ya fi kusa da wani bayani.

Asalin da nitrogen sunan

Daga cikin Greek "nitrogen" da aka fassara a matsayin "m". Yana da aka Lavoisier yi aiki a kan nomenclature dokoki da kuma yanke shawarar kira shi wani kashi. A 18th karni game da wannan kashi da aka sani cewa ba ya goyon bayan duk wani konewa halayen, ba numfashi. Saboda haka, wannan sunan ya dauki.

A Latin nitrogen da ake kira "nitrogenium", wanda yake nufin "haihuwa zuwa nitrate." Daga Latin da nitrogen bayyana alama - da wasika N. Amma sunan a kasashen da dama, da shi bai tsaya.

Yaduwar na kashi

Nitrogen - wannan shi ne mai yiwuwa daya daga cikin mafi yawan abubuwa a duniya, shi ne karo na hudu fi na kowa. A kashi kuma an samu a cikin hasken rana yanayi a kan taurari Uranus kuma Neptune. Ya kunshi nitrogen yanayi Titan Pluto da Triton. Bugu da kari, cikin yanayin duniya ne a 78-79 bisa dari na wannan sinadari.

Nitrogen taka muhimmiyar rawa nazarin halittu, saboda shi wajibi ne ga wanzuwar shuke-shuke da dabbobi. Ko jikin mutum dauke daga 2 zuwa 3 bisa dari na sinadaran da rabi. Kunshe a cikin chlorophyll, amino acid, sunadarai, nucleic acid.

ruwa nitrogen

Liquid nitrogen - a colorless m ruwa, shi ne daya daga cikin jihohin tari da sinadaran abu. Liquid nitrogen ne yadu amfani a masana'antu, yi da kuma magani. Ana amfani ga misãlin kwayoyin kayan, sanyaya kayan aiki, da kuma a magani ga kau da warts (ado magani).

Liquid nitrogen ne wadanda ba mai guba da kuma wadanda ba m.

kwayoyin nitrogen

Kwayoyin nitrogen - shi ne wani kashi da aka dauke a cikin yanayi na duniya tamu, kuma Forms babban ɓangare na shi. Formula kwayoyin nitrogen - N _^2. Wannan nitrogen reacts tare da sauran sinadaran abubuwa ko mahadi kawai a very high zazzabi.

jiki Properties

Karkashin al'ada yanayi da sinadari nitrogen - a gas cewa yana da wani wari, launi, da kuma kusan insoluble a ruwa. Nitrogen ruwa a kan ta daidaito reminiscent na ruwa, a fili da kuma colorless. Y aka nitrogen wani tara jihar, a yanayin zafi da ke ƙasa -210 digiri shi jũya a cikin wani m jiki, shi Forms yawa manyan fari lu'ulu'u. Yana garwaya da oxygen daga cikin iska.

sinadaran Properties

Nitrogen da dangantaka da wani nonmetallic kungiyar da kuma rungumi dabi'ar da kaddarorin sauran sinadaran abubuwa a cikin ƙungiyar. Kamar yadda wani janar mulki, wadanda ba karafa ne ba mai kyau conductors na wutar lantarki. Nitrogen siffofin daban-daban oxides irin NO (monookisid). NO ko wani nitric oxide ne mai tsoka relaxant (abu wanda muhimmanci hūta tsokoki da haka yana da wani diyya da kuma sauran tasirinsa a jikin mutum). Oxides, wanda ya ƙunshi mafi nitrogen kwayoyin halitta, msl, N ₂ O - wannan dariya gas, dan kadan zaki da dandano, wanda aka yi amfani da magani a matsayin m. Duk da haka, NO ₂ ba wani oxide ya ba dangane da farko biyu, domin shi ne quite cutarwa shaye gas, wanda aka dauke a cikin mota shaye da kuma tsanani gurabata yanayi.

Nitric acid, wanda aka kafa ta hydrogen atoms, nitrogen kwayoyin zarra da uku oxygen, shi ne mai ƙarfi acid. An yadu amfani a samar da takin, a cikin kayan ado, Organic kira, da soja masana'antu (samar da nakiyoyi, propellants da kuma roba mai guba abubuwa), samar da dyes, magunguna da sauransu. A nitric acid ne sosai cutarwa ga jikin mutum, da barin miki da kuma sinadaran fata konewa.

Mutane kuskuren yi imani da cewa carbon dioxide - shi ne nitrogen. A gaskiya, bisa ga sinadaran Properties, da kashi reacts tare da kawai karamin yawan abubuwa a karkashin al'ada yanayi. A carbon dioxide - shi ne carbon monoxide.

A amfani da wani sinadari mai

Nitrogen a cikin ruwa a jihar da ake amfani a magani domin lura da sanyi (cryotherapy), kazalika da a dafa a matsayin refrigerant.

Wannan kashi ma ya samu m aikace-aikace a cikin masana'antu. Nitrogen - a gas da cewa shi ne m, kuma inflammable. Bugu da kari, shi ya hana a lalata da kuma hadawan abu da iskar shaka. nitrogen yanzu amfani a mahakar don ƙirƙirar ba m yanayi. Nitrogen gas da aka yi amfani da petrochemical masana'antu.

A sinadaran masana'antu ba tare da nitrogen wadãtu sosai sauƙi. Ana amfani da kira na daban-daban abubuwa da mahadi, kamar wasu gargajiya, ammonia, nakiyoyi, dyes. Yanzu wani babban adadin nitrogen amfani ga kira na ammonia.

A cikin masana'antun sarrafa kayayyakin abinci mai abu da aka rajista a matsayin abinci ƙari.

A cakuda ko wani m abu?

Ko da masana kimiyya na farko da rabi na 18th karni, wanda ya gudanar ya ware da sinadari zaton cewa nitrogen - a cakuda. Amma akwai bambanci tsakanin wadannan Concepts.

A m abu yana da wani m sa na Properties kamar abun da ke ciki, jiki da kuma sinadaran Properties. A cakuda - a fili wanda ya hada da biyu ko fiye da sinadaran abubuwa.

Yanzu mun san cewa nitrogen - mai tsarki abu, kamar yadda shi ne da wani sinadari.

A cikin nazarin sunadarai yana da matukar muhimmanci a gane cewa nitrogen shi ne tushen duk sunadarai. Yana Forms daban-daban mahadi da saduwa da dukan mu, wannan dariya gas da kuma ruwan kasa gas, da kuma ammonia, kuma nitric acid. Ba abin mamaki sunadarai a makaranta ta fara da binciken na sinadari nitrogen.