Mongolian harshe: halaye, fasali, kalmomi

Abin da unites Afghanistan, China, Mongolia da kuma Rasha? Harshe. A Mongolian harshen da aka yi amfani da ba kawai a cikin wannan jiha. Ya iyaka da kuma siffofin, za mu yi magana a cikin labarin.

iyali na harsuna

Sunan "Mongol" hade da mahara harsuna da cewa ya kasance a cikin wannan iyali. Suna da kakkarfan alaka, saboda da zarar sun kasance guda mahaluži. Masana harshe gardamar cewa Mongolian harsuna m baya a cikin V karni BC.

Wasu masu bincike sun nuna kasancewar Altaic iyali, wanda kunshi Mongolian harsuna da Turkic, Tungus-manchzhurskimi, Korean. Da abokan adawar yi imani da cewa kama da wadannan harsuna, saboda da kusa dangantaka tsakanin mutane da ba a na kowa asalin.

A cikin wani hali, yankin na rarraba da Mongolian harshen iyali ne sosai m. Yana maida hankali ne akan yankin Mongoliya, Afghanistan, kasar Sin da Rasha, da Volga yankin arewa-maso-gabashin kasar. Har 1940, da Mongolian harshen aiki a matsayin wata rubuta Tuvinians - 'yan asalin Tuva.

Kasa ne taƙaitaccen jerin harsunan da a wannan rukuni:

Mongolian Harshe

Mongolian Mongolia ne hukuma harshen jihar. A lokaci za a iya amfani a mafi fadi hankali. Yana iya koma zuwa harshen da mai cin gashin kanta ta kasar Sin - Mongoliya ta gida, da kuma zama dacewa da zamani da kuma zamanin da harshe.

Yawan mutanen da suka yi magana da shi, shi ne 5.8 mutane miliyan. Yana hada da yammacin, tsakiya da kuma gabashin rassan yaruka, abin da ya bambanta da yafi karin lafazi. Mafi na kowa ne Khalkha yare, wani ɓangare na tsakiyar kungiyar. Ya gina wani wallafe-wallafen da hukuma harshen Mongoliya, saboda abin da yake sau da yawa ake kira Mongolian Khalkha Mongolian harshe. A Mongoliya ta gida, babu wani babbar yaruka, don haka mazauna wannan yanki amfani da na gargajiya rubuce.

Nau'in bisa ka'idar Altai:

Dogon lokacin da co-wanzuwar Mongol-Turkic jam'iyya da aka nuna a cikin harshe. Saboda su kamance, wasu mutãne suka yi ĩmãni da cewa Mongolian - Turkic. Amma a gaskiya su ne daban-daban, a kalla a cikin Mongolian kuma akwai da yawa Turkic rance.

nahawu Features

Harsuna suna agglutinative. Wannan shi ne, daban-daban magana formants (suffixes da kari kafin kalma) "strung" a kan sãshe, sa'an nan canza ma'anar jumla. Duk da haka, wannan iyali halarci mutum abubuwa na inflection (canza endings da kalmomi).

A gaskiya da Mongolian harshe ne daban-daban daga cikin sauran 'yan reshe a cewa shi rasa sirri-predicative barbashi. In ba haka ba, su ne irin wannan ya isa. Domin wannan kungiyar, halin da yin amfani da m conjugations, da kuma sirri da kuma m magana da aka bayyana ta suffixes.

Maganar domin ne tsananin qaddara, sabanin Rasha. Ga dogara kalma an sanya kafin babban. A bit na rearranging kalmomi a wasu wurare, ba za ka iya samun wani mabanbanta shawara. A farkon akwai yanayi na lokaci da kuma wuri, da kuma aikatau aka sanya a sosai karshen.

labarin

An zaci cewa har zuwa XII karni akwai guda kwanon rufi-Mongol. Aƙalla daga XIII zuwa XVII karni, akwai wani na kowa wallafe-wallafen haihuwa rubuta Mongolian harshe. An kasu kashi da yawa lokaci: tsoho (daga XIII), pre-gargajiya (tare da XV) da classic (XVII-XX). A lokaci guda tare da shi a cikin XIII karni, shi yi amfani da goma daban-daban rubuce-rubuce tsarin. A classic version ne har yanzu a amfani a kasar Sin, da kuma sauran suna kyalli a cikin sauran harsuna.

Tsohon rubuta Mongolian harshen hankali rage range, tapering zuwa gabashin ɓangare na Mongolia da kuma Sin lardin. Shafi ne wucin gadi halittar tsabta wasika, wanda aka saba da Oirat yare. Duk da yake cikin Buryats kafa nasu rubuce-rubuce tsarin tushen a kan gargajiya harshe.

Mongolian dogon lokaci yana da 'yan rubutun. A XX karni, a wani ƙoƙari na ƙarfafa su, rubuce-rubuce da za a iya fassara a cikin Latin. Amma a shekarar 1945 ya fara rubuta da haruffa QFontDatabase haruffa.

Mongolian harshe: kalmomi

Yanzu Mongolia amfani QFontDatabase, da haruffa yana da 35 haruffa.

A takaice nuna shigarwa a Mongolian ne quite wuya, amma shi ne zai yiwu don nuna wasu daga cikin kalmomi. Misalai da aka jera a cikin wadannan tebur.