Live saboda art: tarihin lalacewar

M da m kalmar "lalacewar" da aka sani ba kawai domin sanannun line daga wani song by Agatha Christie "Opium ga kowa." A lokuta daban-daban, mutane nufi da cewa kalmar dogon layi na al'adu events daga zamanin art zuwa wasu zamantakewa ƙungiyoyi da cewa kunsa abubuwa na lalacewar. Live tare da fashe tare da baƙin ciki, da kaifi baki na reza wasa a Kolko Sako gilashi - wadannan ne halaye na lalacewar, har yanzu haddasa wani asiri ko a bayyane yake sha'awa.

Labarin da lalacewar, kamar yadda muka san shi a yau, ya fara ba haka ba da dadewa ba, amma shi ne mai arziki a cikin m misalai da kwatancin mutane. Goma sha takwas da karni na sha tara - cikin zamanin babban canji da shi ne a cikin wannan lokaci fãra labarin na "matsananciyar aesthetes" watse al'ada iyaka, da tarihi na lalacewar.

Domin da farko lokacin da Kalmar "lalacewar" da aka yi amfani a matsayin wata alama al'adu mamaki a cikin Roman Empire, shi zo daga Latin da Faransa decadentia lalacewar, wanda ke nufin tasgaronsa, fadowa. Lalacewar Yanzu gano tare da gothic subculture, duk da haka , wannan definition ba gaba ɗaya na gaskiya. A cikin karni na sha tara marigayi, da yawa marubuta, hada a cikin aikinsa wasu abubuwa na symbolism, aestheticism da romanticism, sami wahayi a cikin ayyukan Edgara Alan Poe - marubucin muka ambata a sama yankunan, kazalika da ake kira "Gothic labari." decadent falsafa hadawa a m tsarin kula da gaskiya, madawwamiyar search for kyau a cikin doldrums: mutuwa, yanke ƙauna, mai zunubi sensuality. Decadent al'adu ne halin da 'yanci na hali, renunciation na kullum yarda da halin kirki norms da kuma stereotypes, da' yancin tunani da kuma salon, kazalika a ba yarda da ra'ayin da underworld kanta. Saboda haka, da zamani gothic kawai tunawa da halaye na lalacewar, amma wadannan Concepts ba m.

A m ci gaba da ra'ayin na lalacewar fara bayan da falsafa da kuma tarihi rubutun "Tunani a kan haddasawa da girman da fall na Romawa." A da shi, Charles-Louis de Montesquieu, da aka sani a lokacin da Faransa Falsafa da kuma marubuci, ya nuna a kan 'yanci da kuma aiki hada baki da na mutane, a cikin harkokin rayuwar jama'a, a matsayin garanti na ci gaban al'umma. A cikin misali na Roman Empire, Montesquieu bayar da hujjar cewa kawai a wani zaman kanta a jihar, wanda aka adana sirri da 'yanci na' yan kasa, za a iya fi ci gaba, a wasu lokuta, jama'a yana wanzuwa ga lalata da kuma degeneration. Daga baya wadannan sharuddan - karkatar da degeneration - zo a cikin yin amfani da wallafe-wallafen sukar. Duk da haka, marubuta daga cikin lokaci ba na jin kunyar su "decadent ruhu." A akasin wannan, da alfahari da shi.

Saboda haka lalacewar da aka ba ƙasƙantarwa lokaci, da kuma zama wata alama ce da tawaye da m zanga-zanga. Kamar yadda wani zaman sabon abu shi blooms a cikin marigayi karni na sha tara - shi ne a cikin wannan lokaci ya bar muqala 'Decadent Movement a Wallafe-wallafe "Artura Saymonsa, labari" The Hoto na Dorian Gray "by Oscar Wilde, ya sa babba shawara a Ingila, da kuma rai embodiment na aristocratic lalacewar zama Robert de Montesquiou, franztsuzsky marubuci kuma mabiyin esthete wanda sanya dandyism da art style ransa. A daidai wannan lokaci horar da ra'ayin ilmi, free-nau'i Bayyana kan abun ciki, rayuwa saboda kyakkyawa, ladabi da sensuality, tare da decadent marubuta jaddada cewa gaskiya art, ba a bukatar zuwa fit cikin irin halin kirki. A ainihi, wani halin kirki shirya, harkar yarda, ƙaryata, kuma ya dauke rabu amfani.

Yanzu lalacewar ke bayan art, kuma ya kasance mai zaman kanta Hakika, yanayi da kuma falsafa. A da shi, ba kawai ganewar fasali na symbolism, romanticism, individualism, amma kuma Ilmi, dandyism, gentility. Kusa da wannan lokaci na lalacewar da aka masomin zamani. Babban tasiri a kan falsafar aestheticism da kuma lalacewar da Oskar Uayld, sanannen ba kawai domin ta da dabara labaru da kuma kange kuma m view na duniya, amma capacious rubutu da gabatarwar da reissue na "Vertical na Dorian Gray" labari. A da shi, ya daki-daki, kuma daidai nuna babban ideas na ilmi, wanda aka kishin da dukan rai: marubucin da aka yarda da su wakilci a cikin ayyukansu wani abu amma mataimakin, alfãsha, kazalika da nagarta, tsarki - kawai kafuwar aikinsa. Kamar yadda ya nanata Wilde, a art Babu ra'ayi na alfasha, akwai kawai talented ko mediocre iri na kisa.

Bugu da kari ga Wilde, zamanin na ƙi haskaka da irin wannan rigima Figures a matsayin Ernest Dowson, Charles Baudelaire, Zinaida Gippius, Marie Corelli da sauransu. Bayyananne recognizable, kuma har yanzu yana aiki tare da duhu aibi alamomin na lalacewar: absinthe, Silinda, kara, accented ladabi shiga zuwa kawai m, kuma idan mai haɗari sakaci, dogon tattaunawa game da art da kuma rayuwa wata rana. Lalacewar ba peculiar to ciwon iska, amma Theatrical pretentiousness, affectation, m yanke ƙauna, mai son sha'awa magana, da hade da sanyi da kuma aristocratic Jahĩm motsin zuciyarmu - kuma daya daga cikin halaye na lalacewar.

Makamantan bayanai na zamanin d lalacewar ji kuma yanzu: a music ilmi amfani Obermaneken, Cabaret Pierrot le Fou, Agata Kristi, Dead iya dance, Marilyn Manson. A cikin aikin na baya rinjayar dandyism a general da kuma musamman lalacewar mafi fili gano a cikin album The Golden Age Of grotesque.

A yau lalacewar yawa na bege kyau da kuma gothic, amma addini a tsohuwar decadent art ya riga ya manta. A yau shi ne kawai daya nau'i na dodo, ha matsayin "game da dakushe": da pessimistic yanayi, matsananciyar hannunka-wringing da kuma karya ne jini a wuyan hannaye kashe kansa. Romanticizing na duhu da mutuwa har yanzu yana sa damuwa, amma wani epoch na grandiose nasarori riga biye da mu, kuma tare da shi bace Trend Yanã rãyar da art da kuma yin art ransa.