Menene manufar "social jihar"? Jigon da jindadin jihar

Yau ne wata tambaya mai muhimmanci shi ne abin da ake nufi da "zaman jiha". Muna zaune a cikin wani lokaci a lokacin da aiwatar da Usul ba kawai zai yiwu amma kuma dole. To, abin da yake jindadin jihar? Bari mu fuskanci shi.

The sosai manufar "social jihar" ne mai manufa (halayyar), wanda yana nufin da tsarin mulki da kuma shari'a status. Ya nuna cewa, Tsarin Mulki ya tabbatar da zamantakewa da tattalin arziki yan-adam da abubuwan da yanci, kazalika da jerin nauyi, wanda yana daukan kan. Jindadin jihar - a jihar da cewa yana bauta wa al'umma, to ku yi jihãdi don tabbatar da cewa zaman jama'a da bambance-bambance aka rage girmanta ko gaba daya shafe ta.

Shin Rasha a zaman jiha?

A Rasha kundin tsarin mulki ya ba da wani m amsar wannan tambaya. Ya furta cewa, kasar mu ne mai zaman jama'a jihar. Kuma manufar "social jihar" yana nufin cewa siyasa ne da nufin samar da wani yanayi a cikin abin da free ci gaban mutum da kuma manya rai na kowane za a bayar. Saboda haka, da Rasha Federation aka aikata wannan.

Yake kunshe a cikin kundin tsarin mulki na jihar aikinsu

Don mafi alhẽri fahimci manufar "social jihar" da kuma ta ainihi, mu bayar da shawarar ka san ko da da wajibai shar'anta a cikin Rasha tsarin mulki. Daga cikin su akwai wadannan:

- kare lafiya da kuma mutum aiki.

- kafa wani albashi wanda tabbas ne;

- tabbatar da cewa iyali, yara, iyaye, tsofaffi da nakasassu jihar goyon baya.

- wajen samar da data kasance tsarin na zamantakewa da sabis.

- ga jama'a da su tsayar da amfanin, jihar pensions da sauran social tsaro tabbacin.

A yanayi da manufar zaman jama'a irin jiha

Gama dukan jama'a, da al'ummai, zamantakewa kungiyoyin, sõyayya da wani musamman manufar "rundunar jama'a" ne jigon wani zaman jama'a irin jiha. Jindadin jihar - a jihar wanda aka yi nufi ga tabbatar da kariya da kuma bukatun jama'a a matsayin dukan. An gina a kan amincewa da istinbadi bukatu da abubuwan da yanci da kuma hakkin dan Adam, wanda ake daukarsa a matsayin mafi girma da daraja.

Jindadin jihar - wani siyasa kungiyar dake wakiltar Cibiyar da nufin kungiyar na al'umma a matsayin dukan, cancantar kowa da kowa ta rayuwa kariya daga yanci, hakkokin da bukatun dukan al'ummai da 'yan ƙasa. Yana da wani kayan aiki na warware rikice-rikice da kuma rigingimu biyu a cikin kasar da kuma waje da shi. Wannan shi ne abin da ake nufi da "zaman jiha".

An kakkarfan dangankata da ma'aikata na dokar. Kawai girka dokoki, cewa shi ne, wanda a cikinsa riga ɓullo da sunadaran don bin doka da oda, na iya zama zamantakewa. Tun da tsakiyar 90s. a halin da ake ciki inda, a hannu daya, yada m ideas, amma a kan sauran - zamantakewa rawar da jihar da kuma bukatar ya yi da jama'a dangane da zaman jama'a da manufofin, ya karu, sabon ideas fara da nunawa game da irin muna sha'awar a jihar. Jindadin jihar - jihar da ake gani a matsayin inji for cire saba wa juna tsakanin zamantakewa manufofin da kuma dokokin da kasuwar. Wannan ne mai matukar muhimmanci halayyar shi.

Barin paternalistic rawa

Jindadin jihar, da bambanci ga abin da ake kira "jindadin jihar", a yau o ƙarin tabbatar da watsi da paternalistic rawa. Yana ne aka yi nufi, don kawar da dogara. Jindadin jihar - jihar da ake halin da so don ƙirƙirar sharadi gwargwado ga kamfanin ta cikin kasuwar tattalin arziki, shi ne a harkar-daidaitacce.

periodization na ci gaba

Ya fara a cikin tsakiyar 90s. a kasar mu da lokacin da za a iya kira da mataki na sassauci jindadin jihar. Akwai da wadannan iri na karshen:

- Socialist (s 70s na karni na 19th zuwa 30th karni shekaru 20);

- shari'a zamantakewa jihar (daga 30s zuwa ƙarshen 40s na karni na 20th).

- Jihar zamantakewa da sabis (ƙarshen 40s - 60s na karshe karni).

- jindadin jihar (marigayi 50s - tsakiyar 80s).

- mataki na rikicin da halakar da jindadin jihar (80s - tsakiyar 90s).

- da m jindadin jihar (daga tsakiyar shekarun 1990s zuwa yau).

Ãyõyin jindadin jihar

Kafa a kan fiye da shekaru 100 da mu da sha'awar a kayyade da Concepts dauke, domin duk su bayyana bambancin, iyaka sa na m bayyanar cututtuka. A farko daga cikin wadannan yana samuwa ga duk 'yan wata jama'a na zamantakewa da goyon baya na jihar. Na biyu - da shari'a yanayi na jihar zamantakewa da manufofin, ta dama don tsara da kuma iko da zamantakewa tafiyar matakai. A daidai wannan doka aiki ne ba kawai don tsara zamantakewa matakai, amma kuma karfafa zamantakewa hakkokin al'ummominsu. A jihar ne harkar alhakin. The uku m fasalin - gaban kasafin kudin zamantakewa amfanin. Fourth - gaban jihar aikin yi tsarin, zamantakewa tsaro da kuma zamantakewa kariya. Biyar - amincewa da alhakin matakin na rayuwar al'ummominsu. Jindadin jihar - a jihar da duk wadannan cututtuka su ne ba.

zaman jama'a da manufofin

Social siyasa - wannan shi ne daya daga cikin manyan kayayyakin amfani ga aiwatar da zamantakewa jihar. Dangantaka na karshen da shi ne da farko bayyana a yadda da shi warai da cikakken daukawa fitar da zamantakewa manufofin, kazalika har zuwa abin da shi ya nuna so da kuma bukatun 'yan kasarta. Saboda haka, jindadin jihar - shi ne a lokacin da ka'idojin zaman jama'a da manufofin yi.

Its shugabanci shi ne a cimma sakamakon da manufofin da suka shafi inganta zaman jama'a da kuma kayan walwalar jama'a, da kyautata ingancin rayuwar mutane da kuma nasara da wata jiha na zamantakewa da kuma zaman lafiyar harkokin siyasa, hana fitowan da Aljihuna na shi zamantakewa tashin hankali.

ayyuka

Saboda haka, mun amsa tambaya: "Abin da ya aikata manufar" social jihar "?". La'akari da yanzu da ayyuka da cewa shi yana da. Da yake jawabi na wanda, ya kamata ka yi la'akari da wadannan yanayi:

- jindadin jihar yana da dukan siffofin da suke gargajiya ga wani jihar.

- aka aza a kan abun ciki na ta zamantakewar darajar, don haka postulates, shi ne na gargajiya, refracted ta cikin Prism daga cikin manufofin da kuma burin da jindadin jihar.

- za a iya gano a matsayin wani ɓangare na wani zaman jama'a aiki da kuma wasu takamaiman hanyoyin da ayyuka faruwa jindadin jihar.

A musamman, da karshen hada da:

- kiwon lafiya da kuma kare lafiyar mutane.

- goyon bayan kungiyoyin na yawan waɗanda suke harkar disadvantaged.

- goyon baya ga iyaye, iyali da kuma yaranta.

- smoothing ta hanyar samun kudin shiga redistribution zamantakewa rashin daidaito.

- inganta sadaka et al.

"Human" girma

Ba kawai siyasa da tattalin arziki amma kuma halin kirki tsari ne da samuwar na zaman jama'a a jihar. Yana bukatar da "mutum" girma. The alamun wannan jiha ne:

- demokra] iyya kungiyar na ikon da tsarin.

- babban abi'a na yawan jama'ar, da kuma jami'an da - da farko.

- wani iko da tattalin arziki, wanda damar domin da dama matakan da nufin a redistribution na samun kudin shiga, a lokaci guda ba muhimmanci da nuna bambanci da matsayi na masu;

- zamantakewa fuskantarwa na siyasa na jihar, wanda bayyana kanta a cikin ci gaban da daban-daban na zamantakewa da shirye-shirye da kuma prioritize su aiwatar da sauransu.

Cikas tsaye a hanya na zaman jama'a a jihar a Rasha

1. Our kasar ta ba tukuna samu isasshen goyon baya a cikin dokar, kuma a Rasha a zaman jiha ba zai iya dogara a kan ta gindi. Mun halitta shi ba, kamar yadda a kasashen yamma, wani sabon mataki, wanda faruwa a ta ci gaba da bin doka da oda.

2. A Rasha "tsakiya Layer" na masu har yanzu ba a kafa. Daga cikin jam'iyyar-jihar dukiya privatized spontaneously, kusan komai ya tafi zuwa mafi yawan jama'a na kasar mu.

3. A Rasha, babu tattalin arziki da ake bukata domin aiwatar da matakan da nufin a redistribution na samun kudin shiga, yayin da ba muhimmanci compromising da mulkin kai da kuma 'yancin masu.

4. A kasar ne har yanzu ba a kawar kenkenewa a da yawa muhimmanci irin tallace-tallace da kuma samar. Wannan take kaiwa zuwa gaskiyar cewa babu wani real gasar.

5. Akwai kuma wani balagagge, ɓullo} ungiyoyin jama'a.

6. A matakin na Rasha jama'a, a halin kirki da aka rage, kusan rasa ruhaniya shiriya na daidaito da kuma tabbatar da adalci. Da taimakon "sana'a" yan siyasa da kuma akidojin, da kuma kafofin watsa labarai ya bayyana a cikin jama'a sani detrimental ra'ayi cewa tattalin arziki da kuma siyasa ne m da halin kirki.

7. Jam'iyyun siyasa zama a Rasha, a zamantakewa da shirye-shirye ba.

8. A cikin aiwatar da samun 'yanci daga baki na jihar Rasha al'umma an rage ta zamantakewa rawar da jihar inertia. Wannan ne, jama'a ya auku a cikin sauran matsananci, da kuma dan kasa ya zauna tare da kasuwar sojojin kadai.

9. A cikin real al'umma, akwai wani sarari a raga, babu rai tsari alamu cewa an kimiyance tabbatar.

Duk da wadannan kalubale, kadai hanya don ci gaba a kasar mu na da wani free al'umma ne daidai da jihar na zamantakewa da ci gaban. Wannan ya shafi ba kawai Rasha, amma kuma dukkan sauran ƙasashe.

Saboda haka, ka koyi cewa ma'anar "zaman jiha". Wannan topic ne jawabi a nazarin batutuwa kamar siyasa kimiyya da kuma fikihu. Bayan isar da jarrabawa ga nazarin zaman jama'a ake bukata a yi wani ra'ayin abin da jindadin jihar. Wannan ra'ayi ya kamata fi dacewa san kowane dan kasa.