Mene Ne tsaurin Metals?

Da yake jawabi na tsaurin karafa, an fahimci abin da karafa fada karkashin wannan definition. Vanadium, tungsten, molybdenum, niobium, rhenium, Tantalite, zirconium da hafnium - karafa wanda narkewa zafin jiki kai 1650-1700 ° C.

A m tsari, mai tsaurin karafa ba faruwa a yanayi. Suna samu daga tama fi mai da hankali ta amfani da wani hadadden uku-mataki fasaha. A mataki na farko kunshi a bude tattara, to, a can ne warewa da kuma tsarkakewa daga sinadaran mahadi da karshe - dawo da kuma refining na karfe.

A ikon yinsa na yin amfani da tsaurin karafa ne fadi da isa. Tsaurin karafa amfani da inji aikin injiniya, Shipbuilding, Electronics da kuma sinadaran masana'antu, saboda su musamman Properties, wato su yi amfani da matsayin zafi resistant gami kayan.

La'akari da kowane daga tsaurin karafa dabam.

Vanadium - m karfe karfe-toka a launi. Sunan wannan karfe kasance a cikin girmamawa da aljanna da kyakkyawa Vanadis, godiya ga launi na salts da suke kunshe a abun da ke ciki. Vanadium ne resistant zuwa ruwa da kuma daban-daban acid. Ana amfani da a yi na roba, yumbu, gilashin, kuma ba shakka steels. Kamar yadda wani m lantarki a batura da aka yi amfani da vanadium pentoxide.

Tungsten - m m karfe, ta yin amfani da daidaitattun yanayi shi za a iya kira mafi tsaurin karfe, a yi amfani da metallurgy matsayin akai. The sunan tungsten ma'adinai wolframite samu daga (a cikin rariya. Tare da shi. "Wolf kumfa"), wanda aka san a cikin 15th karni kamar yadda tungsten hampered tin smelting. Wolfram sami aikace a yi na musamman jiragen amfani for girma guda lu'ulu'u, dab da gilashi, da dai sauransu ..

Molybdenum - tsaurin karfe silvery-farin launi. Molybdenum wuya saukin kamuwa zuwa hadawan abu da iskar shaka da kuma dauki tare da hydrogen faruwa a lokacin molybdenum kai da narkewa batu (2620 ° C). Its amfani a samar da filaments for lantarki fitilu, kazalika ga yi na cathodes na'urorin lantarki.

Niobium - haske launin toka tsaurin karfe, sauƙi daman a, resistant zuwa lalata. Shi ne wani ɓangare na bakin karfe, zafi-resistant da kuma lalata-resistant gami, inganta su inji Properties.

Rhenium yana daga cikin mafi tsanani daga tsaurin karafa. Gami da wannan haske launin toka karfe tare da tungsten, da molybdenum wuta juriya da kuma ake amfani da shi don samar da supersonic jirgin sama da kuma makamai masu linzami.

Tantalite - chemically barga tsaurin karfe haske launin toka da wani m ya dafa. A metallurgy aka yi amfani a matsayin wani bangare ne na lalata-resistant, zafi-resistant da wuya gami.

Pure zirconium ne m karfe wanda yake da sauki aiwatar biyu zafi da sanyi aiki. The bayãnin hukuncin fasalin na karfe a cewa shi yana da matukar high jure lalata.

Hafnium da aka samu a zirconium ores. Metal tare da azurfa kyalkyali, da ake amfani da su samar da absorbent tsakiya na nukiliya nukiliya.