Polyester resins: tsirar da aiki tare da su

A cikin 'yan shekaru, polyester resins yi tsiwirwirinsu mai yawa shahararsa. Da farko, su ne a bukatar a matsayin wata babbar bangaren a samar da GRP, wani karfi da kuma haske yi kayan.

Production na resins: a mataki na farko

Yadda za a fara samar da polyester resins? Wannan tsari zai fara ne da man fetur barasan - a lokacin da wannan kasaftawa daban-daban abubuwa: benzene, ethylene da propylene. Suna da ake bukata, don samar da anhydrides, polybasic acid, glycols. Bayan dafa tare dukkan wadannan aka gyara Halicci ake kira tushe guduro, wanda a wani mataki dole ne a diluted da styrene. A karshen abu, misali, na iya zama 50% na ƙãre samfurin. A wannan mataki ma a yarda domin sayar da shirye-sanya guduro, amma mataki samarwa har yanzu ba kamar yadda a kan: Kada ka manta game da jikewa na daban-daban Additives. Shi ne da godiya ga irin aka gyara gama guduro yakan mallaki ta musamman Properties.

A abun da ke ciki daga cikin cakuda su iya bambanta manufacturer - mai yawa ya dogara a inda za a musamman amfani da polyester guduro. Masana sun karbansa mafi kyau duka hade da irin wannan aiki zai haifar da abubuwa da mabanbanta Properties.

Production na guduro: a karo na biyu mataki

Yana da muhimmanci cewa ƙãre saje ya m - yawanci sa ran a lokacin da Polymerization hanya zo ga ƙarshe. Idan ya tsaya, da kuma kayan da ke cikin sayarwa - ya ne kawai partially polymerized. Idan ka yi kome da shi, da Polymerization ya ci gaba, da abu ne da ake bukata taurara. Domin wadannan dalilai, da guduro ajiya lokaci ne mai iyaka: mazan littattafai, da muni ta karshe Properties. A Polymerization kuma za a iya ragae saukar - don wannan manufa, refrigerators, hardening ba ya faruwa a can.

Don samar da mataki da aka kammala, kuma ƙãre samfurin, da guduro ne kuma wajibi ne don ƙara biyu muhimmanci aka gyara: mai kara kuzari da kuma activator. Kowace daga cikinsu ya yi aikin ta aiki: cakuda fara zafi tsara, wanda na taimaka wa Polymerization tsari. Wannan shi ne tushen waje kadan ake bukata - duk abin da ya faru ba tare da shi.

Ci gaba da Polymerization tsari ne sarrafawa - da rabo daga gyara ne sarrafawa. Tun saboda da lamba tsakanin kara kuzari da kuma activator iya kunna fashewar cakuda, da karshen ne yawanci gabatar a cikin guduro kawai a karkashin samar, da kara kuzari da aka kara kafin amfani, shi ne kullum kawota dabam. Kawai a lokacin da Polymerization tsari ne gaba daya ya gama, abu taurare, shi za a iya ƙarasa da cewa samar da polyester resins da aka kammala.

A lokacin da na fara guduro

Mene ne abu a asalin jiha? Wannan zuma-kamar, danko sosai ruwa wanda launi dabam daga duhu zuwa ga haske launin ruwan rawaya. Lokacin gudanar da wani adadi na hardeners, polyester guduro ne na farko da dan kadan karfe ne, to, ya zama wani gelatinous jihar. A kadan daga baya, da daidaito kama roba, sa'an nan - da abu tauri (zama infusible, insoluble).

Irin wannan tsari yana tafiya ne fiye da ake kira magance, kamar yadda ya faru a cikin 'yan sa'o'i a talakawa zazzabi. Lokacin da guduro a cikin m jihar, shi yayi kama da wuya m abu mai sauƙi ne a fenti a wasu launuka. Yawanci, shi ne amfani da a hade tare da gilashi fiber (GRP), shi ne ya yi aikin aiki na yi kashi na yi na daban-daban kayayyakin - irin polyester guduro. Umarnin a lõkacin da aiki tare da wadannan garwayayye yana da muhimmanci sosai. Wajibi ne a kiyaye kowane batu.

Babban abũbuwan amfãni

Polyester guduro a ƙarfafa jihar ne m yi kayan. Suna halin tauri, high ƙarfi, m dielectric Properties, sa juriya, sunadarai juriya. Kada ka manta da cewa a lokacin aiki na samfur na polyester guduro ne hadari daga wani muhalli ra'ayi. Wasu inji Properties na blends cewa an yi amfani da tare da fiberglass, wanda yi ne reminiscent na sigogi na tsarin karfe (a wasu lokuta ma wuce). Manufacturing fasahar ne cheap, sauki, mai lafiya, saboda abu ne warke a al'ada dakin da zazzabi ba tare da aikace-aikace na matsa lamba ko da bukata. Release of maras tabbas ko wasu da-kayayyakin ba faru, sai dai idan akwai wani kananan shrinkage. Saboda haka, don yin wani samfurin, ba bukatar tsada amfani da tsauraran matakan da kafuwa ba lallai ba ne a cikin zãfi, da barin kamfanin zuwa da sauri koyi a matsayin manyan-iya aiki da kuma low-tonnage samar. Kada ka manta game da low cost polyester resins - wannan adadi ne sau biyu ƙananan fiye da na epoxy equivalents.

kara a samar da

Ba za mu iya watsi da gaskiyar cewa a lokacin da samar da unsaturated polyester guduro ne samun lokacinta tare da kowane wucewa shekara - shi ne ba kawai kasar mu, amma kuma da na kowa waje trends. Idan ka yi imani da ra'ayi na masana, wannan halin da ake ciki zai ci gaba domin foreseeable nan gaba.

disadvantages resins

Hakika, da polyester resins ma su mallaki wasu drawbacks, kamar yadda wani sauran kayan. Alal misali, styrene aka yi amfani a matsayin sauran ƙarfi a lokacin samar. Shi ne flammable, shi ne sosai guba. A lokacin, mun riga ya halitta irin wannan brands cewa ba su da a cikin abun da ke ciki na styrene. Wani bayyananne aibi flammability. Unmodified unsaturated polyester resins ƙona kamar yadda m itace. Wannan matsala ne warware: dũkiyar gabatar a foda fillers (low kwayoyin nauyi kwayoyin fili tare da wani abun ciki na sunadarin flourine da chlorine, antimony trioxide), wani lokacin amfani da sinadaran gyara - tetrachlorophthalic gudanar, hlorendikovuyu acid, wasu dabaru: roba chloroacetate, chlorostyrene, da kuma sauran mahadi wanda dauke da chlorine.

A abun da ke ciki na guduro

Idan muka yi la'akari da tsarin da unsaturated polyester resins, akwai za a iya ambata Multi-bangaren cakuda sinadaran abubuwa na daban-daban yanayi - kowane daga cikinsu ya yi aikin wasu ayyuka. Babban aka gyara an sanya na polyester guduro, suna da daban-daban ayyuka. Alal misali, polyester - shi ne babban bangaren. Yana da wani samfurin na wani polycondensation dauki na polyhydric alcohols wanda amsa tare da anhydrides ko polycarboxylic acid.

Idan muka magana game da polyols, akwai bukatar diethylene glycol, ethylene glycol, glycerol, propylene glycol. Kamar yadda amfani adipic anhydride, fumaric acid, phthalic da maleic anhydrides. Fitar polyester guduro zai yi wuya kasance yiwu idan polyester a Jihar shiri domin aiki yana da wani low kwayoyin nauyi (game da 2000). A kan aiwatar da kafa articles shi jũya a cikin wani polymer ciwon uku-girma cibiyar sadarwa tsarin, high kwayoyin nauyi (bayan curing initiators aka gabatar). Wannan shi ne, irin wannan tsarin samar da sunadarai juriya, high ƙarfi abu.

A sauran ƙarfi-monomer

Wani wajibi bangaren - monomer-sauran ƙarfi. Saboda haka, sauran ƙarfi aikin wani dual aiki. A cikin farko idan shi ake bukata don rage danko na guduro zuwa matakin da ake bukata domin aiki (saboda ma lokacin farin ciki polyester kanta a kan kansa).

A daya hannun, da monomer ne rayayye da hannu a aiwatar da copolymerization da polyester, wanda aka bayar a kudi na mafi kyau duka Polymerization kudi da kuma wani babban zurfin magani abu (a lokacin da dauke dabam polyesters, su solidification faruwa sannu a hankali isa). Hydroperoxide - daya bangaren cewa kana so ka canja wurin a cikin m jihar daga wani ruwa - kawai domin duk su quality daukan kan wani polyester guduro. Aikace-aikace na kara kuzari da aka ma ake bukata a lokacin da yin amfani da unsaturated polyester resins.

totur

Wannan sashi za a iya tsara a cikin polyesters biyu a lokacin yi da kuma lokacin da ya auku aiki (kafin Bugu da kari daga cikin Mafarin). Domin mafi kyau duka magani accelerators polymers za a iya ambata cobalt gishiri (cobalt octoate, cobalt naphthenate). A Polymerization dole ba ne kawai hanzarta, amma kuma don kunna, ko da yake a wasu lokuta shi ragae. Asiri shi ne cewa idan ba ka amfani da accelerators da initiators, a ƙãre kayan za su samar da da kansa free radicals, saboda abin da Polymerization zai auku prematurely - mike a lokacin ajiya. Don hana irin wannan sabon abu, ba zai iya yi ba tare da mai hanawa (hanawa) magance.

Ka'idar aiki na hanawa

Ginshikai na mataki na wannan bangaren shi ne: shi interacts tare da free radicals cewa faruwa lokaci-lokaci, sakamakon samuwar radicals ko m mahadi da cewa ba su da wani m yanayi. Hanawa yawanci aiki aiki irin wannan abubuwa: quinones, tricresol, benzophenone, wasu daga cikin Organic acid. A abun da ke ciki na polyesters hanawa gudanar a kananan yawa a lokacin yi.

sauran Additives

The aka gyara aka bayyana a sama - ainihin, daidai saboda za su iya aiki tare da biyu a polyester guduro tare da wani m. Duk da haka, a yi, a aiwatar da kafa articles isasshe manyan adadin ƙari da aka gabatar a cikin polyesters, wanda, bi da bi, kawo wani iri-iri na ayyuka, gyara da kaddarorin na fara abu. Daga cikin irin wannan gyara za a iya ambata particulate fillers - gudanar musamman don rage shrinkage, mai rahusa kayan kara wuta juriya. Ya kamata kuma a lura fiberglass (reinforcing jamiái), da amfani da wanda yake shi ne saboda mafi girma inji Properties. Akwai sauran Additives: cakosoban, plasticizers, dyes, da sauransu.

gilashin fiber mats

Kamar yadda kauri saboda tsarin da gilashin zaruruwa iya zama daban-daban. Glass Mat - fiberglass, wanda yanka a kananan guda, su tsawon dabam tsakanin 12-50 mm. A abubuwa suna bonded tare sãshensu da sãshe wucin gadi m, wanda shi ne yawanci abubuwa foda ko emulsion. Guduro epoxy polyester amfani da samar da gilashin fiber mats, wanda an hada da zaruruwa shirya da ka, fiberglass kamar yadda ta bayyanar da kama wani talakawa zane. Don cimma mafi girma zai yiwu karfafa kamata amfani da daban-daban iri na fiberglass.

A general, gilashin fiber mats da kasa ƙarfi, amma suna da sauƙin rike. Lokacin da aka kwatanta da fiberglass, da kayan mafi bi siffar da matrix. Saboda zaruruwa ne short isa a yi bazuwar fuskantarwa, da mat iya wuya fariya high ƙarfi. Duk da haka, zai iya zama mai sauqi infiltrate da guduro kamar yadda shi ne m, tare da sako-sako da kuma m, shi ne a bit kamar wani soso. Abu ne da gaske taushi, moldable ba a ba tare da wata matsala. A laminate, misali, cewa ya yi irin mats, halin ƙwarai inji Properties, yana da high juriya da yanayi yanayi (ko da a cikin Extended zamani).

Ina yin amfani da gilashi fiber mats

Matt sami aikace-aikace a cikin filin na lamba gyare-gyaren, don su iya samar da kayayyakin da hadaddun siffofi. Products, Ya sanya daga wannan abu da ake amfani da su a da dama daga yankunan:

• a cikin Shipbuilding masana'antu (gina canoes, boats, yachts, ryborezki, daban-daban ciki Tsarin da sauransu.).
• gilashin mat kuma polyester guduro aiki a cikin mota masana'antu (daban-daban inji sassa, cylinders, Vans, diffusers, tankuna, dashboards, casings, da dai sauransu).
• a cikin ginin masana'antar (wasu abubuwa na itace kayayyakin, da gina bas tsaya a nan ba, baffles da sauransu. d.).

Akwai na iya zama daban-daban yawa gilashi mat, kazalika da kauri. Rarrabe a cikin kayan da nauyi na daya murabba'in mita, wanda aka auna a grams. Found isasshe bakin ciki abu, ma iska (steklovual) ma ya ƙunshi wani lokacin farin ciki, kusan kamar bargo (amfani da su samu da ake so kauri daga cikin samfurin kafin su sami da ake so ƙarfi).