Mene ne hunturu wasanni? Biathlon. Bobsleigh. Gudun kan. Cross-kasa gudun kan. Ski tsalle. Luge. Kwarangwal. Snowboard. adadi na tsere kan

Winter wasanni ba wanzu ba tare da dusar ƙanƙara da kankara. Mafi yawansu ba su ne Popular tsakanin magoya na wani aiki salon. Abin lura shi ne cewa kusan dukkan hunturu wasanni, da jerin wanda aka kullum girma, suna kunshe a cikin gasar shirin na gasar wasannin Olympics. Bari mu bincika wasu cikin su.

unpredictable tseren

Mountain snowboard (freeride) - nuna yadda da ban sha'awa, kuma haka m. A gasar da aka gudanar aka shirya da kuma bauta ta hanya. Ma'aikata a wannan yanayin, ka lura da cewa shi ne budurwa snow - mafi kyau surface ga watsuwar duk yiwuwa na wannan wasanni kayan aiki, kamar dutsen snowboarding. Ga sabon shiga da shi ne mafi alhẽri ba riya rabo, saboda da yawa daga hatsarori da wani wanda ba a sani yankin.

International gasa Freeride gudanar a shekara tsakanin yan koyo da kuma kwararru. A wasanni ne zuwa kashi da wadannan Categories:

• Hur freeride. Wannan wani zaɓi ne mafi sauki da kuma safest. Contestants samun a saman dutsen a kan daga. A lõkacin saukarsa ne da za'ayi ba a kan steepest gangara.
• Backcountry. Ya bambanta daga baya a cewa 'yan wasa da kansu baya ga saman. A yanzu lokaci ne mafi mashahuri.
• Xelibording-. Mahalarta da dutsen yana ba da helikofta. Tsada nau'i na nisha. A wasu ƙasashe da aka haramta.
• Ketskiing. A saman da 'yan wasa isar da wani musamman inji (snowcat). Rahusa fiye helibording.
• Snoumotorbording. Ka'idar gudun kan ruwa, amma maimakon ruwa - snow, amma maimakon jirgin ruwan - snowmobile.

Idan kana so ka gwada kanka a cikin wannan wasanni amma snowboard kana bukatar ambaliyar ruwa bincike da shebur, a beeper, a rediyo, a aminci kwalkwali, kazalika da wajen ceto idan akwai wani ambaliyar ruwa hit.

Sledge a fara tasawa

Kwarangwal - wasan da cewa gudanar a high gudun. Wannan wasanni yana da guda sunan matsayin babban dako. Kwarangwal - shi ne wani nau'i ne na sledge tare da wani mai nauyi firam da karfe skids. Athlete da dama a kan su a cikin shugabanci na motsi. Management ne da za'ayi amfani da musamman zangarniya a kan takalma.

A farko gasar ya faru a cikin m 1890 a Innsbruck (Austria). A cikin hunturu wasanni, ga abin da gasa ana gudanar a wasannin Olympics, shi daga baya aka hada da kwarangwal. Wannan ya faru a 1928. A farko Olympic zakara a cikin kwarangwal Jennison Heaton zama United States of America. Abin lura shi ne cewa samu lambar azurfa tafi zuwa ga kane.

Kwarangwal gudun a lokacin hanzari - game da arba'in kilomita awa. Matsakaicin - 130 km / h. Lokacin da aka kwatanta da bobsleigh da tobogganing, kwarangwal ne mai hadarin gaske. 'Yar alamar take hakkin da dokoki na iya haifar da mummunan tare da mummunar.

A total nauyi na dako da dan wasa kada wuce 115 kilo ga maza da kuma 92 - ga mata. Idan ya cancanta, da weighting iya zama seleji musamman ballast.

toboggan

'Yan wasan gasa a cikin downhill a cikin shirye hanya. Suna located in guda ko biyu sledge a kan baya, feet farko. Don sarrafa matsayi na jiki harsashi da aka canza.

Laurels lashe samun mutumin da sauri zai zama a tseren. Idan wani dan wasa kammala baya daga seleji, ya aka hana. A cikin fall na dako iya zama daina, jeri a cikin sleigh da kuma ci gaba da gangaren.

The na'urar seleji da nauyi a kayyade a cikin dokokin. Wasu hane-hane nema wa kayan aiki tare da 'yan wasa da kuma su nauyi. A lokacin da na farko gasar saita fara domin.

Gasa iya a gudanar a ranar halitta da kuma wucin gadi gangara. Recent musamman tsara ga taron. Luge ne Popular a mai tsayi kasashen. Kuma akwai duk halitta, kuma mafi wucin gadi gangara.

Ski hanya kira

Ski jinsi ana gudanar a kan wani shirya musamman hanya. A gasar da hannu a mutum na da wasu category - jima'i, shekaru, da dai sauransu A karo na farko cikin gasar a wannan wasa da ya faru a 1767 a Norway ... Norwegian misali aka zarar bi da Finns da Swedes. Sa'an nan ski racing craze share Tsakiya Turai. By da shekara dubu biyu, akwai kadan kasa da ɗaya da ɗari kasa tarayyar gudun kan.

Cross-kasa gudun kan iya aukuwa biyu a na gargajiya da kuma maras tauyewa hawa. Ka yi la'akari da su a cikin daki-daki:

• Classic embodiment ya shafi yunkuri na skier a baya shirya hanya kunsha na biyu a layi daya Lines. Standard ski motsa subdivided cikin m da kuma lokaci daya (rarrabuwa a matsayin za a iya gane, dangane da sandunansu m yanayin). Yawan matakai a daya sake zagayowar ma'anar besshazhny, chetyrehshazhny ko dvuhshazhny tafi. Mafi na kowa bambance-bambancen da karshen. Wannan hanya taimaka wajen cimma matsakaicin motsi gudu a fili da kuma lebur yankunan (gangara - ba fiye da biyu digiri, ko ba fiye da biyar, da wani kyakkyawan zamiya da kuma dagawa talakawan gangara).
• Maras tauyewa skier presupposes cikakken 'yanci na aiki. A wasa na zaban mafi kyau zaɓi ga nesa na motsi. Wannan salon da aka kira wani analogue na tsere kan. Ma'aikata fi son lokaci daya odnoshazhny tsere kan tafi ko dai lokaci guda dvuhshazhny.

List kuma a takaicce bayyana da misali iri giciye-kasa gudun kan:

• Dace da raba farko. Wasan na fara a wasu jerin da wani sa tazara. Kamar yadda mai mulkin, shi ne talatin da seconds kasa da 1 minti daya ko 15 seconds. A jerin taimaka ƙayyade da Draw, ko na yanzu matsayi a cikin ranking na 'yan wasa. A karfi zai fara karshe. Lokacin da kirga karshe sakamakon na gama lokaci na kowane skier cinyewa farko.
• Mass farko. Duk 'yan wasa fara gasar a lokaci guda. A mafi m wuri tafi zuwa ga wasan na, wanda ya tabbatar da cewa mafi kyau a baya kakar mabudin.
• Bi. Wannan irin tseren ne a hada taron shafe dama, saukarwa. A sakamakon gabata jinsi kayyade farawa matsayi na wasan na. Bi yawanci daukan wuri a matakai biyu, daya daga wanda mahalarta gudu free style, da kuma a kan wasu - wani classic. Wadannan jinsi da ake gudanar ko dai a cikin kwanaki biyu, ko da wani tazara da 'yan sa'o'i.
• Relay jinsi unsa gasar teams na hudu wasan na. A gasar da aka gudanar a matakai huɗu. Ya fara da wani taro farko. changeover tsari - touch abokin hannu, duka biyu da dan wasa dole ne a wani musamman zone (changeover matsayi).
• Mutane daya-daya Gudu. A gasar farawa tare da raba farko. Yana da wani sharadi. Bayan nan, wasan na gasa a cikin Gudu. Har karshe akai-akai, kamar yadda mai mulkin, ta zo wani fiye da talatin da 'yan wasa. Zo da nuna daga cikin kwata kusa da na karshe, kusa da na karshe, sa'an nan kuma, sa'an nan - a cikin na karshe kuma A.
• Team Gudu wakiltar baton. Kowane tawagar yana da biyu mahaya. Running daga uku zuwa shida da kewayen filaye da waƙa, suka bi juna alternately. Idan zagayen kusada karshe gasa (biyu) teams amfani mai yawa, ana gudanar.

A na aikin gasa tsawon nesa iya zama daga takwas mita har zuwa hamsin kilomita.

A tsalle a cikin duhu

Winter wasanni hada ski tsalle tare da wani pre-sanye take da kickers. Irin abubuwan iya kunshe a cikin Nordic a hade ko a za'ayi dabam.

Wannan wasanni da ya zo mana daga Norway. A cikin wannan kasar na dogon lokaci gasar a slalom - hawa daga duwãtsu. An kunshe a gasar Olympics Winter. Sports, wanda zai gasa ga coveted samu lambar, tsalle daga springboard semidesyatimetrovogo shiga a 1924. Mahalarta wannan taron sa'an nan, kuma a yanzu zai iya zama kawai namiji da 'yan wasa.

A halin yanzu, yana tsalle na iya faruwa a duka rani da kuma hunturu. A mafi muhimmanci gabatar da cewa an gudanar a cikin hunturu kakar on devyanostometrovyh (da sama) tsalle.

Bari mu magana game da dabara na wasanni. Ainihin abubuwa - waste, janye daga rabuwa da tebur, da jirgin lokaci, saukowa. An muhimmiyar rawa aka buga ta da ikon da dan wasa yadda ya kamata su yi hadin ƙungiyoyi.

A lokaci na gudu daga cikin skier ƙafafunsa ne a kan wannan jirgin sama. A saukowa mataki ƙananan wata gabar jiki dole ne a dauki matsayin da ake kira raznozhkoy (Telemark). Don yin wannan, daya kafar da aka saita a gaba, da sauran da aka retracted, duka biyu lankwasa a gurfãne. Sanya hannunsa sanya fadi fiye da kafada nisa. Gudun kan a wannan lokaci ya zama kamar yadda kusa da juna da kuma a layi daya da juna. A nasara saukowa samar da cikakken ma'auni na high da kuma mota daidaituwa. A hali na ba daidai ba aiwatar da raznozhki dan wasa hasarar masu daraja da maki. Mahukunta a hankali kimanta saukowa skier. Da taba da surface da dutsen kowane sashi na jiki, ba dole ba ƙungiyoyi, asarar balance, fadowa - duk wannan shi ne fraught tare da maganganu. Abin lura shi ne cewa idan dan wasa fadi ga wani musamman alama, ba zai shafi sauran sakamakon.

Jump dabara ake kiyasta biyar hukunci. Matsakaicin yiwu ci - ashirin. Don sakamakon kara ware Naira Miliyan Xari scores ga tsallen nesa (lasafta a kan wani musamman tebur).

Gudu da sauri, harba daidai

Shin kana sha'awar a cikin wannan irin wasanni kamar biathlon? Bayyana ainihin dokoki na gasar da mutum matakai na wannan jaraba mataki.

• Mutane daya-daya tseren. Biathlon shukar daga wannan irin gasar. Shi ne mafi da'a. Wasan na je farkon tare da wani bambanci na 30-60 seconds. Distance tsawon - ashirin kilomita, tadawa - daga 600 zuwa 750 mita. Kowane dan wasa ne a mallaki ashirin akai-akai da kuma kananan zamo bindiga nauyin kimanin uku da rabi kilo. The kalubale ne domin shawo wasan na hudu da harbe-harben Lines (kowane tare da biyar hari). Shooting aka yi sequentially, a yarda matsayi - kwance ko a tsaye. Milestones dake tsakanin uku da goma sha bakwai da rabi kilomita, da tazara ne yawanci uku kilomita. Skier free to zabi nasu manufa. A nesa tsakanin dan wasa da kuma burin - hamsin mita. Idan akwai aka buga, da manufa za ta atomatik rufe Disc fari. Zamewa entails wata azãba minti. A diamita manufa ga harbi a cikin supine matsayi ne da arba'in da biyar millimeters a tsaye - ɗari da goma sha biyar millimeters.

• Gudu. A tsawon na nesa - goma kilomita, tadawa - ɗari uku, mutum ɗari huɗu da hamsin mita. A lokaci tazara tsakanin farkon na 'yan wasa ne guda kamar yadda a cikin mutum tseren - talatin zuwa sittin seconds. Farko da harbe-harben line aka located uku kilomita bayan farkon (a yarda ne kawai don a harba kwance), na biyu - bayan bakwai kilomita ( 'yan wasa buga manufa yayin tsaye). The bashin kowane kuskure - azãba madauki na 150 mita. Domin shawo kan shi, skier ciyarwa yawanci 20-25 seconds. A karfi da 'yan wasa zo da gama line a nan ashirin da huɗu minti (idan ba ka tãrãwa wata azãba madaukai). Distance ga mata shi ne bakwai da rabi kilomita. Harbe-harben Lines ne biyu da rabi da kuma kilomita biyar bayan farkon. Sauran bambance-bambance tsakanin maza Gudu akwai.
• Relay tseren magoya dauke da mafi m, a cikin biathlon. Teams kafa na hudu da 'yan wasa. A gasar ta fara da wani taro farko. A nesa da cewa dole ne a shawo kowane biathlete, shi ne bakwai da rabi kilomita. Biyu da harbe-harben Lines. A farko harbi alhãli kuwa a tsaye a karo na biyu - kwance. A kowane manufa aka bai da takwas harsasai, biyar daga waxanda suke da riga a cikin shagon, da kuma sauran Ana cajin da hannu lokacin da bukatar haka ta taso. Daya kuskure - daya azãba a daya ɗari da hamsin mita. Cin Nasara da nesa skier wuce da baton na gaba memba na tawagar. A mafi samu biathletes nuna wata tawagar sakamakon, talatin kilomita a cikin tamanin minti.
• Bi (bi). Wannan irin gasar a karon farko a kunshe a cikin shirin na gasar da kuma gasar cin kofin duniya a 1996. Farawa da sittin biathletes. A tseren yawanci daukan ba fiye da rabin sa'a. Wannan damar da gasa na da irin wannan nasarar shige cikin wani layin wutar na talabijin watsa shirye-shiryen. Order da jinkiri ƙaddara da mahalarta na Gudu tseren. Gasa ne unpredictable saboda shugabannin sau da yawa bi juna saboda m sakamakon a wani manufa. Distance ga namiji da 'yan wasa goma sha biyu ne da kuma rabin kilomita. Mata shawo kan nesa na goma kilomita. A farko biyu harbi range harbe-harben kwance a kan na karshe biyu - a tsaye. Saboda haka, wasan na, m harbi a kwance matsayi, da damar samun ci gaba a farkon wasan. 'Yan wasa, kamar bugawa wata manufa tsaye, suna da damar daukar wani abu matsayi a gama. Daidaito a cikin wannan yanayin ne key zuwa nasara cika, ba za a iya ce da Gudu, inda m blunders za a iya cika gudun. Da azãba gare kuskure manufa misali - ɗari da hamsin mita azãba. Tun 2002 bi kunshe a cikin hunturu wasanni, ga abin da za ka iya samun wani lambar yabo a gasar Olympics.
• Mass farko ya shafi ashirin da bakwai da 'yan wasa suka yi nuna kansu mafi alhẽri daga da sauran gasar cin kofin duniya. gasar dokokin kama da mutum tseren. An togiya ne nesa na tsawon (wanda shi ne ya fi guntu), da kuma lokacin da harbe-harben matsayin (yiwuwa, kwance, a tsaye, a tsaye).

gudun seleji

A lõkacin saukarsa daga kan dutse a high gudun kan wake a kan wani musamman sanye take da wannan hanya - wani Olympic wasanni. Bobsleigh zo daga Switzerland. A 1888, Wilson, Smith samu da ra'ayin to connect nau'i biyu daga high-gudun seleji zuwa tafiya daga St. Moritz zuwa Celerina, geographically located dan kadan m. Ilimi duniya na farko bobsled kulob din ya a karshen karni na sha tara. A daidai wannan lokaci da muke ci gaba da asali dokoki. Abin lura shi ne cewa jirgin na seleji ya sa'an nan wata tawagar biyar da 'yan wasa - biyu mata da maza uku.

All sledge bobsleigh samar a kan wani guda aikin - wani dukkan-karfe jiki, streamlined siffar, da nau'i-nau'i biyu na gudu kan kankara-zo ta biyu (da gaba ne m, ta hanyar da iko aka yi. Raya tsit, alhakin hanawa).

A halin yanzu, gasar amfani da biyu da hudu bobsled. The "biyu" su ne: nauyi - ba fiye da ɗari da sittin da biyar kilo, tsawon - ba fiye da 2.7 mita. The "Quartet" ya zama ba fãce 3.8 mita da kuma wani mutum fiye da ɗari biyu da talatin da kilo.

Mene ne wani bobsled? Wannan kankara masauki zubar a kan wani karfafa kankare tushe, gina ta da yawa bends da twists. A total hanya tsawon iya bambanta daga rabi zuwa biyu kilomita. Sauyi a tsawo - daga 130 zuwa 150 mita. A lokacin saukarsa seleji isa gudu daga 150 km awa.

Dancing a kan Ice

Figure tsere kan aka motsi da 'yan wasa patines a kan kankara dasu ba. ƙarin abubuwa An kashe a lokaci guda zuwa ga music. A na aikin gasa yanke shawarar wasa hudu sets kyautuka fiye da kowacce. Saboda haka, 'yan wasa gasa a adadi na tsere kan kuma a nunka (maza da mata dabam), kazalika da a kankara dancing.

A mafi tsufa kankara skates, wanda yanzu aka fi sani da aka sanya a cikin Bronze Age. Su da aka samu a daya daga cikin gaba na Kudancin Bug (kusa Odessa). Domin su samar da amfani mai phalanx forelimbs na dawakai ne. A farko baƙin ƙarfe skates bayyana a Holland. Wannan kasa ne mahaifar adadi na tsere kan. Amma ainihin siffofi da aka ƙirƙira a Birtaniya. A farko gasar kasa da kasa da aji da aka gudanar a Vienna, a 1882.

Figure tsere kan an mika zuwa karkarar Rasha karkashin Bitrus da farko. A farko skates aka kawo a cikin kasa shi ne shi. Bugu da kari, ya ƙirƙira musamman Hanyar a lokacin da fastening da skates kai tsaye zuwa ga takalma. A farko jama'a tsere kan Rink da aka bude a 1865 a cikin Yusupov Aljanna (ul. Sadovaya).

Yadda yawa hunturu wasanni a nan gaba, ko kuma don bayyana a Rasha, skates bai mika su a matsayinsu. A mutane, yara da tsofaffi, ya tsaya a skates kowane karshen mako. Rashin iyawa zauna a kan kankara ko dauke m hujja.

Ski hanya kira!

Wannan ne gudun kan, na farko don gane mazauna Norway. Shi ne a cikin wannan ƙasar a karshen karni na sha takwas fara nuna m itace bawo ga zuriya daga dutsen gangara. Kant sanya daga karfe, wadda tabbatar iyakar AMINCI kayan gudun kan, da farko ya kafa a Austria a farkon thirties karni na ashirin da. Da zuwan roba harsashi zane da aka kara mai ladabi. Lokacin amfani da sama da kayan (shi maida hankali ne akan harsashi kasa) da 'yan wasa za su iya ci gaba da yawa mafi girma gudun. A nuna na ashirin da ashirin da farko ƙarni, alama da ake kira sassaƙa juyin juya halin wanda nufi da miƙa mulki ga wani sabon tsari na gudun kan. Sun kasance muhimmanci guntu precursors, yatsun kafa da diddige zama mafi fadi, kuma radius sidecut - kasa.

Winter wasanni da 'yan wasa da suka fi son matsananci, zabi sosai m kayan gudun kan for freeride. Wadannan bawo an tsara don gudun kan kashe-piste musamman sanye take for snow-yanki. Asirce nau'i nau'i mai tsayi gudun kan: ga ya saba, da giant da super-giant slalom, Ski giciye-kasa, downhill, domin wasanni na tsere kan, m wasan akrobat, maras tauyewa, ski da hawa dutse da mogul.

By zane gudun ne zuwa kashi da wadannan iri:

• "Sandwich". Dako form yadudduka da wasu kayan. Su suna da alaka kamar gurasa. Sagè rinjayar topsheet.
• "Cap". Tare da wannan shiri, da na sama m Layer sanyata kasa acikin sarƙa sauransu.
• "Box". A mafi zamani version. Tsakiyar kayan gudun kan adana a cikin na asali wrapper sanya na roba abu ko wani braided karfe. Irin wannan samfurin shine mafi barga a lokacin da cornering, kasa kula da halaye na surface.

ƙarshe

Mun partially nazari wanda da hunturu wasanni, abin da yake cikin tarihi na su bayyanar da babban fasali. Bugu da kari ya na sama, shi ne kuma zai yiwu ware Nordic a hade, Mogul, snowkiting, orienteering gudun kan, kankara (tare da wani ball kuma tare da wani wanki) naturbana curling. Bugu da kari, akwai hunturu wasanni sailing. Daga cikin su akwai wadannan: hunturu windsurfing da kaytseling, kankara sailing. Girma sha'awa tsakanin magoya na wani lafiya salon ne hunturu yin iyo. A wannan wasa ko gasa na duniya muhimmancin.